A Postprocessor Based on the Kinematics Model for General Five-Axis Machine Tools

This paper presents a novel concept to describe the three types of five-axis machine tools by a generalized kinematic structure. A generic postprocessor capable of converting the cutter location (CL) data to machine control data was developed based on the generalized kinematics model of five-axis machine tools. The machine tool's form-shaping function matrix is derived according to the homogeneous coordinate transformation matrix and the kinematic parameters characterizing the configuration of general five-axis machine tools. The analytical equations for NC data are determined by equating the CL data matrix and the form-shaping function matrix. A trial-cut experiment on a typical five-axis machine tool and the verification on the coordinate measurement machine demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The algorithm proposed here can facilitate determination of the postprocessors for various five-axis machine tools more systematically.     

Comparison of Parallel Structure Concepts for Five-Axis Machining

Parallel structures are characterized by closed kinematics chains. Compared with conventional structures, which have serially arranged axes and are thus characterized by open kinematics chains, parallel structures have a variety of advantages. These primarily include lower moved mass, high dynamics, the high number of possible repeating parts, and the advantageous integration of measures in the control system that are relevant to accuracy. The following presentation classifies parallel structures with six degrees of freedom according to the type of drive used. Based on free-form surface machining in die and mold making, kinematics requirements will be explained and various concepts regarding kinematics, structure. loading, and stiffness will also be discussed. Finally, a preferable solution will be provided in the summary.     

Estimation of Maximum Allowable Step Length for Five-Axis Cylindrical Machining

Five-axis cylindrical machining is the only way to machine some complicated sculptured surfaces, such as the wheel surfaces of turbo compressors. Current computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) algorithms for five-axis cylindrical machining only consider the surfaces’ geometric information when generating cutter contact points (CC points). Hence, the step length, which is the distance between two CC points, is determined only by the surface parameters for these CAM algorithms. Because of tool-axis rotation, the actual cut trajectory within each step is no longer a straight line passing through two consecutive CC points for five-axis machining. Thus the cut error and the maximum allowable step length should depend on the structural parameters of NC machines as well as the surface's geometry. This paper develops a new algorithm to estimate the maximum allowable step length based on the cut error of five-axis cylindrical machining, and shows that this algorithm provides better estimation than traditional algorithms.     

硅碳比对机床铸件性能的影响

在一定的碳当量的条件下 ,提高硅碳比 (Si/C) ,可以提高机床铸件的抗拉强度、硬度及硬度均匀性 ,降低残留应力 ,改善铸造性能和机加工性能 ,降低废品率。从而达到提高机床的刚度和精度稳定性的目的     

基于机器学习的电热防除冰表面温度变化趋势预测

针对飞机部件周期控制律电加热防除冰的应用,提出基于机器学习以预测电加热防除冰表面温度的变化趋势.依靠大型结冰风洞及其电加热防除冰控制系统完成防除冰试验,获得有效的试验数据,以通、断电周期为分割单元,将试验数据划分成验证集和训练集.根据电热防除冰过程的换热情况,构建样本的特征参数,利用机器学习的有监督学习方式,选择KNN...     

模具制造中曲面与型体的形成和加工

阐述了在模具制造中 ,如何应用CAD/CAM系统来形成曲面和模型 ,并自动生成刀具轨迹 ,提高模具制造质量和效率     

环境管理手段体系研究

社会经济的快速发展和环境保护的日趋重要,要求环境保护与社会经济协调发展。科学有效地应用环境管理手段,是促进协调发展的有效途径之一。为了促进环境管理手段作用的有效发挥,完善环境管理,在分析现有的5种环境管理手段的基础上,提出了环境管理参与手段和环境管理投资手段,并对这两个新的手段的必要性和内容做了分析。通过对环境管理手段关系的论述,构建了环境管理手段体系,对环境管理手段体系的目标、架构、作用和内容进行了分析论述,并研究了环境管理手段的选择与实施方法。     

机械加工振动公害控制

根据多年从事机械、环保科研设计及工厂的实践 ,仔细分析了机械加工振动污染源对操作者及周围居民的危害。并提出了对其所造成的公害进行适应控制的基本措施。     

机械加T振动公害控制

根据多年从事机械、环保科研设计及工厂的实践,仔细分析了机械加工振动污染源对操作者及周围居民的危害.并提出了对其所造成的公害进行适应控制的基本措施.     

压缩天然气加气母站安全评价中若干问题的探讨

针对加气母站安全评价中存在的安全许可方式分类、设计适用标准选择、消防系统设计、移动重大危险源辨识等方面的问题进行了分析和探讨,提出了一些参考性的想法和建议,以便更好地统一和规范加气母站的安全评价工作。     

地表参数对面源大气预测结果的影响性分析研究

为了研究地表参数取值对AERMOD中面源模拟预测浓度值的影响,文章通过改变粗糙度、反照率和波文比的取值来进行不同地表参数与预测结果的相关性分析,同时采用正交试验法来研究不同地表参数对预测结果的敏感性.相关性分析表明,不同地表参数和预测结果有着很高的相关性.敏感性分析表明,反照率数值变化对小时最大落地浓度的敏感性最大,粗糙度数值变化对日均和年均最大落地浓度的敏感性最大.通过研究可以看出在面源大气预测过程中合理选择地表参数值是准确预测的前提.     

浅谈锌合金冲裁模制造工艺

介绍了应用锌合金技术制造冲裁模具的工艺方法和注意事项及在生产实际中所达到的效果     

基于薄弱环节的整机加速因子计算

目的当薄弱环贮存寿命都服从指数分布或都服从形状参数相同的威布尔分布时,给出整机加速因子与薄弱环节加速因子关系的公式;若形状参数不同时,给出整机加速因子的取值范围。方法将各个薄弱环节做串联系统处理,利用不同可靠度时常应力和加速应力下系统贮存寿命的关系,计算整机加速因子或给出加速因子范围。结果基于不同薄弱环节数据,总结出整机加速因子或取值范围的计算方法。结论针对系统存在薄弱环节并且薄弱环节寿命服从一定的分布时,可以通过该方法计算出整机加速因子或加速因子的取值范围。     

空调用过滤瓶数控旋压成形工艺研究

结合缩径成形和旋压过程 ,建立了薄壁管缩径旋压变形力的理论计算模型和旋压力的计算公式 ,并对旋压方式、道次压下量Δ及旋轮进给比 f等成形工艺参数对滚珠旋压成形的影响进行了试验研究     

Intelligent monitoring and identification of cutting states of chips and chatter on CNC turning machine

To realize an intelligent machine tool, which can autonomously determine the cutting states and can change them automatically as required due to changes in the environmental conditions, a method has been developed to monitor and identify the states of cutting for CNC turning based on a pattern recognition technique. The method proposed introduces three parameters to classify the cutting states of continuous chip formation, broken chip formation, and chatter. Among the states of cutting, the broken chip formation is required for the stable and reliable machining process. The three parameters are calculated and obtained by taking the ratio of the average variances of the dynamic components of three cutting forces. The algorithm was developed to calculate the values of three parameters during the process to obtain the reference feature spaces and determine the proper threshold values for classification of the cutting states. A tool dynamometer is developed, and implemented to the CNC turning machine to monitor the turning process.It is proved by a series of cutting experiments that the states of cutting are well identified by the method developed and proposed regardless of the cutting conditions. The algorithm is proposed to obtain the broken chips by changing the cutting conditions during the process.     

基于机器学习的细粒度空气质量时间预测器

针对空气质量状况的预防和治理,提出了基于线性回归的空气质量预测方法。作为时间预测器,更多的是考虑本地的历史数据、过去与未来的状况,挖掘空气质量随时间变化的关系以及变化趋势,为了选取最优的特征,对数据进行分析,找到与空气质量变化关系密切且存在线性关系的特征,以此特征来建立线性回归模型,并使用Cross-Validation方法进行评估验证。实验结果表明线性回归方法能够有效地预测到空气质量的变化趋势,效果良好,具有较强的实用性。     

微颗粒在表面粘附的力学模型

微颗粒粉尘对于工农业生产及人的身体健康都会造成危害,而微颗粒粘附数学模型是对其进行研究和控制的基础,有着十分重要的意义。微颗粒与表面粘附力学模型研究取得了很大的进展,作者通过在一些重要中外文数据库对微颗粒在表面粘附的力学模型研究成果进行了分析,这些粘附力主要是物理吸附力的范德华力、静电力、磁力、毛细作用力。在此基础上对各个力进行归纳、评述,并指出了各个模型的实际应用。对各种力学模型进行总结,然后以一个例子说明微颗粒粉尘在多种力同时作用时的力的简单合成情况,最后提出了本领域的研究展望。     

表流型和渗滤型植草沟净化城市地表径流试验研究

设计了表流型和渗滤型两类黑麦草植草沟,考察了不同水力负荷下(4、6、8 m~3/(m~2·d)),2类植草沟对城市地表径流的净化能力。研究结果表明:表流型植草沟对TSS、COD、TN、TDN、TPN、NH3-N、TP、TDP、TPP平均去除率分别为(77.44±4.4)%、(28.03±6.51)%、(27.07±9.88)%、(24.01±10.95)%、(52.47±10.15)%、(27.53±4.06)%、(39.25±4.97)%、(31.67±5.46)%、(71.96±5.57)%。渗滤型植草沟去除率则依次为(91±3.93)%、(43.72±12.71)%、(35.53±10.89)%、(31.59±11.26)%、(66.49±6.36)%、(47.91±8.30)%、(61.71±11.16)%、(56.45±12.84)%、(80.79±12.07)%。增设渗滤管后的渗滤型植草沟,整体去除效率高于表流型植草沟,提高了植草沟对径流的净化效果。较高水力负荷下,两类植草沟对污染物的净化均受到水力负荷的明显影响,其去除效率都随水力负荷的增大而减小。     

农村面源污染控制的政策研究

中国有70％的人口在农村。近年来，随着经济社会的快速发展和人们生活水平的提高，农村也开始面临与城市同样的环境问题，尤其是普遍大量施用化肥、农药而造成的面源污染，严重破坏了生态环境，成为了一个亟待解决的环境问题。但长期以来，环保工作的着力点基本上是在工     

Effect of Silicon Powder Mixed EDM on Machining Rate of AISI D2 Die Steel

In this paper, the effect of silicon powder mixing into the dielectric fluid of EDM on machining characteristics of AISI D2 (a variant of high carbon high chrome) die steel has been studied. Six process parameters, namely peak current, pulse-on time, pulse-off time, concentration of powder, gain, and nozzle flushing have been considered. The process performance is measured in terms of machining rate (MR). The research outcome will identify the important parameters and their effect on MR of AISI D2 in the presence of suspended silicon powder in a kerosene dielectric of EDM. The study indicated that all the selected parameters except nozzle flushing have a significant effect on the mean and variation in MR (S/N ratio). Optimization to maximize MR has also been undertaken using the Taguchi method. The ANOVA analysis indicates that the percentage contribution of peak current and powder concentration toward MR is maximum among all the parameters. The confirmation runs showed that the setting of peak current at a high level (16 A), pulse-on time at a medium level (100 μs), pulse-off time at a low level (15 μs), powder concentration at a high level (4 g/l), and gain at a low level (0.83 mm/s) produced optimum MR from AISI D2 surfaces when machined by silicon powder mixed EDM.