有机废水资源化技术--发酵产氢

氢作为一种清洁高效的可再生能源日益受到人们的重视.利用有机废水发酵产氢,既保护环境又可获得氢能,是一条符合可持续发展战略的废水资源化途径,极具发展前景.本文介绍了发酵产氢微生物的种类及其产氢机理,对发酵产氢的影响因素进行了分析;总结了有机废水发酵产氢的研究现状,并探讨了今后的研究方向.     

过硫酸氢钾与过硫酸钠降解有机物能力研究

过硫酸钠成为土壤修复常用氧化剂,研究了新型氧化剂过硫酸氢钾与过硫酸钠氧化降解有机物的能力和效率差异。实验不采用任何活化手段,得出在不同条件下过硫酸氢钾氧化效率更高,反应速度更快。     

风光-氢耦合系统经济性分析

为缓解"弃风、弃光"现象带来的不利影响,探寻风光-氢耦合系统的经济性,对三种不同发电方式进行经济效益分析.运用全寿命周期法,采用LCOE、NPV、EIRR法对系统成本、非系统成本进行分析,构建成本-效益模型,比较单一风电、单一光伏发电以及风光-氢耦合系统方式下的经济和环境效益.结果表明,风光-氢耦合系统相较于单一风电和...     

环保产品检测机构名录

1.国家环境保护总局环境监测仪器质量监督检验中心 地址:北京市朝阳区安外大羊坊8号院2号楼南段四层 邮编:100012 电话:010-84933227 传真:010-84933223 检验项目: pH水质自动分析仪、化学需氧量(COD)水质在线自动监测仪、电导率水质自动分析仪、浊度水质自动分析仪、溶解氧(DO)水质自动分析仪、高锰酸盐指数水质自动分析仪、氨氮水质自动分析仪、总氮水质自动分析仪、总磷水质自动分析仪、总有机碳(TOC)水质自动分析仪、紫外吸收水质自动在线监测仪、PM10采样器、总悬浮颗粒物采样器、24小时恒温自动连续环境大气采样器、定电位电解法二氧化硫测定仪、烟气采样器、烟尘采样器、污染治理设施运行记录仪降雨自动采样器、降雨自动监测仪、固定污染源排放烟气连续监测系统.     

次灵敏线空气—氢火焰原子吸收光谱法测定天然水中钠和钾

研究了原子吸收法在次灵敏特征谱线用空气-一氢火焰测定天然水中钠和钾的方法、相对标准偏差小于4.0%,加标回收率在96%-104%之间,方法简单易行,准确可靠。     

一次地下水污染事件的调查

对污染源及受污染地下水的调查首先从污染物的产生特性及嗅味入手，在对被污染地下水周边企业调查的基础上，运用GC/MS联用仪对受污染的地下水进行分析，鉴定出污染物为四氢噻吩，利用气相色谱半定量分析出污染源及地下水中污染物的浓度，最后确定出地下水受污染的原因以及其污染范围。     

前沿动态

国际动态G 20国家同意减少氢氟碳化物在日前闭幕的俄罗斯圣彼得堡20国集团峰会(G20)上,各国领导人就减少某些已知的强效温室气体达成一致,约有35个国家和欧盟同意逐步减少使用氢氟碳化物(HFCs)。美国政府称之为本次峰会"最重要的协议"之一。这一承诺标志着通过《蒙特利尔议定书》行之有效的机制来解决氢氟碳化物问题向前迈出了重要一步。     

环保公交的前沿探索:氢燃料电池公共汽车

2006年6月20号上午10时,在阵阵热烈的掌声和欢呼声中,一辆蓝灰相间崭新的零排放公共汽车——由戴姆勒·克莱斯勒股份公司提供的梅赛德斯——奔驰氢燃料电池公共汽车缓缓地驶出北京永丰公交车站,正式开始在燃料电池公共汽车示范线上试运行。零排放公交车是怎样的公共汽车?为何来     

基于固态储氢能源的汽车引擎除碳仪的研制

氢作为一种清洁能源,在汽车领域有较好的应用前景。本文系统介绍了固态储氢汽车引擎除碳仪的几个关键技术的研制方法,包括工艺流程、系统组成、结构框架、流量控制、节能设计和电气控制系统。本设备很大程度上优化了传统汽车除碳方法的不足,除碳效果较佳;此外,作为固态储氢能源设备,在仪器仪表、电子工业、石油化工、科研教学和空间站等领域可以有广泛的应用。     

电捕集法消除空气中的氚

本文研究了一种净化空气中氚的新方法，我们用四水合磷酸轴酰氢（Hup)作消氚剂，在外加直流电场的作用下，直接消除潮湿空气中的氚，用不同面积的消氚圆片，在静态，常温，常压下，外加4－7伏直流电场，50小时左右，可使2．2升含氚空气中氚的净化率超过90％，空气中氚含量为0．2－10ppm，含水量为3000－12000ppm，我们用液闪测量了消氚后圆片中氚的含量，其结果与用电离室所测的结果一致。     

模拟油田采出水中硫化氢的脱除研究

硫化氢是油气田伴生气中的有害组分。在含硫油气田的采出水中,硫化氢的存在对于安全生产和和油田环境均会产生危害。采出水经处理后通常需作为地层回注水使用,由于油气生产的特殊性,常用的硫化氢脱除方法在使用中受到限制,探索适合于油气田生产的水处理方法十分必要。本文探讨了通常可用于油田水中硫化氢脱除的各种方法,对比了各类方法的优缺点,提出以次氯酸钠为主要脱硫剂的水处理方法,通过对模拟采出水的室内试验,证明次氯酸法可以快速有效地去除采出水中的硫化氢,并提出了消除过量氧化剂的后续处理方法。实验表明经处理后的水质可以达到油气田回注水质要求,处理成本较低。     

Comparative evaluation of sizing of metal hydride (MH) hydrogen storage tank filled with different alloys

This study presents a comparative analysis of sizing of metal hydride tank filled with different alloys. Alloys include solid solutions and intermetallic compounds of the generic families AB₅, AB₂, AB, A₂B. The effects of the different alloys on the sizing of metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks are complicated and depend on many factors. In this paper, a thermoeconomic optimization analysis with a simple algebraic formula was presented for the estimation of optimum metal hydride tank surface area for heat transfer enhancement. The optimum area of the metal hydride tank filled with commercially available different alloys (LaN₅, Ti_0,98Zr_0,02V_0,43Fe_0,09Cr_0,05Mn_1,5, TiFe, Mg₂NiH₄) was evaluated and compared by the developed method. The optimum net savings and the value of payback were determined for four alloys. It is found that mathematical model can be employed for the determination of optimum metal hydride tank design and increasing net savings according to alloy types. The optimum areas of the tanks filled with four alloys (LaN₅, Ti_0,98Zr_0,02V_0,43Fe_0,09Cr_0,05Mn_1,5, TiFe, Mg₂NiH₄) were calculated as 0.136, 0.130, 0.133, and 0.173 m², respectively. The optimum net savings for tanks filled with four alloys (LaN₅, Ti_0,98Zr_0,02V_0,43Fe_0,09Cr_0,05Mn_1,5, TiFe, Mg₂NiH₄) are about 461.0, 409.3, 419.6, and 979.6 $ and the values of payback are about 1.98, 2.1, 2.17, and 1.37 years, respectively. Excessive area of the metal hydride tank would not be as economical as the optimum tank area. Thermal management of metal hydride tank must be designed for optimum points calculated at which maximum savings occur.     

分光光度法与离子色谱法测定空气中氯化氢的对比研究

通过对硫氰酸汞分光光度法和离子色谱法测定空气中氯化氢含量的对比发现,两种方法对实验室质控样和实际样品的分析测定均能达到要求,且F检验法分析表明实测结果没有显著性差异。然而,硫氰酸汞分光光度法的测试过程操作繁琐,误差较大,稳定时间较长,且硫氰酸汞具有剧毒,危害操作人员的健康,残液也难以处理。离子色谱法分析操作简单,过程安全可靠,能够有效降低样品受污染的可能性并保证分析质量。     

Unexpected difference in phenol sorption on PTMA- and BTMA-bentonite

The comparison of phenol sorption on phenyltrimethylammonium (PTMA)- and benzyltrimethylammonium (BTMA)-bentonite shows a clear difference as far as phenol sorption isotherms are concerned. For PTMA-bentonite the sorption isotherm is of a straight-line character which results from simple partitioning of phenol between the aqueous and organic phases sorbed on the bentonite surface. For BTMA-bentonite the isotherm has a convex shape, characteristic of physicochemical sorption.For the first time a three-parametric model, including the dissociation constant of phenol pK_a, distribution constant of phenol Kd_phen and phenolate anion Kd_phen⁻ between the aqueous phase and the bentonite phases is used for the evaluation of phenol sorption on organoclays with pH change. The model shows that the values of Kd_phen are higher than those of Kd_phen⁻ for all investigated initial phenol concentrations.The inspection of the FTIR spectrum of BTMA-bentonite loaded with phenol in the regions 1300–1600 and 1620–1680 cm⁻¹ shows the features of π–π electron interaction between the benzene rings of phenol and the BTMA cation together with the phenol–water hydrogen bond strengthened by this interaction.     

Numerical estimation of photovoltaic–electrolyzer system performance on the basis of a weather database

We performed a numerical simulation to investigate the performance of a photovoltaic (PV)–electrolyzer on the basis of a simulated weather database during the summer solstice (SS), autumnal equinox (AE), and winter solstice (WS), and all year round. First, we selected a location in southern Taiwan (latitude: 22.65°N) to create a local weather simulation database that included daily solar radiation, wind speed, and ambient temperature. The I–V curves of a PV system and an electrolyzer were obtained numerically by using Simpson integration computation. Subsequently, the optimal configuration of a PV driving system comprising the electrolyzer and the PV panel was determined. The database of weather conditions was input into the numerical estimation model of the PV–electrolyzer system, and the hydrogen generation rates and hydrogen production volumes under both clear skies and changeable weather conditions were obtained.     

硫化氢中毒的机制及其防治

本文综述了1958～1989年间对硫化氢中毒的研究成果。硫化氢是广泛存在于自然环境及某些工作场所的无色剧毒气体,其主要中毒机制是抑制细胞色素氧化酶,中断细胞的有氧氧化。预防性给予亚硝酸盐可减轻中毒症状,但对其中毒尚无有效的解毒剂。     

Quantification of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emitted from pig buildings in Korea

The aim of this field study was to determine the concentrations and emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in different types of pig buildings in Korea to allow objective comparison between pig housing types in Korea and other countries. Concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the pig buildings averaged 7.5ppm and 286.5ppb and ranged from 0.8 to 21.4ppm and from 45.8 to 1235ppb, respectively. The mean emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide per pig (normalized to 75kg liveweight) and area (m2) from pig buildings were 250.2 and 37.8mg/h/pig and 336.3 and 50.9mg/h/m2, respectively. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations and emissions were higher in the pig buildings managed with deep-pit manure systems with slats and mechanical ventilation than in other housing types.     

生物过滤法脱除硫化氢臭气的研究进展

本文综述了污水处理厂硫化氢（H2S）臭气的主要来源以及浓度范围，然后介绍了生物滤池和生物滴滤池的脱臭机理和工艺，并着重介绍了生物过滤反应器所使用的填料，分析了各类生物脱臭填料在应用中的优缺点以及最近的研究动态。接着介绍了生物过滤系统的主要设计和操作参数，系统地总结了不同生物过滤反应器处理H2S的效果，最后指出了生物过滤系统处理H2S臭气面临的技术挑战和发展方向，包括开发新型填料、改善床层酸化等问题。     

Exhaust Emissions from a Gas-fuelled S.I. Engine

Attempts to improve engine performance are often accompanied by increased emissions. An effective approach to reduce emissions without necessarily a significant penalty in fuel economy is through operating S.I. engines on a range of gaseous fuels, and either leaning the operating mixture or diluting it with some exhaust gases.

The emission characteristics of an engine operated in turn on CH₄, H₂, CO and some of their mixtures are examined experimentally. The role of changes in some key factors affecting the production of the pollutants CO, NOx and unburned hydrocarbons were investigated. Guidelines for reducing the undesirable emissions are outlined.     

控制污水中硫化氢的生成──减轻大气污染和设备腐蚀

石油和石化企业所排放的含硫污水给水环境带来的污染是众所周知的，但它对大气环境的间接污染却常被人们忽视。而含硫污水中逸出的硫化氢是引起恶臭的主要原因之一，与水共存时又会对金属设备造成严重腐蚀，因此，控制污水中硫化氢的生成可有效地减轻污水所带来的大气污染和腐蚀现象。