基于CBR的突发公共事件应急资源需求预测方法

应急资源需求预测是应急资源优化配置的前提和基础.针对应急资源需求预测的特点,提出了基于风险分析方法和案例推理技术(Case-based Reasoning,CBR)的应急资源需求预测方法.这种方法可以对应急资源的需求数量、需求质量和需求种类进行预测.最后,以一个预测案例来说明应急资源需求预测方法在实际中的应用过程.研究表明,这种方法可以满足应急的需要,为今后应急资源的储备、配置等提供依据,也可以为拟建的应急资源配置决策系统提供方法和模型支持.     

基于案例推理的化工园区应急资源需求预测

为确定化工园区突发事故的应急资源需求,提出了一种基于案例推理的化工园区应急资源需求预测方法.该方法主要由三部分组成:(1)基于案例推理的模型构建;(2)化工园区事故的案例描述;(3)基于人工神经网络的案例适应.最后,以石化园区火灾爆炸事故的应急资源需求预测验证该方法的有效性.研究表明,该方法可以实时地对化工园区应急资源...     

移动式承压类特种设备应急平台研发

本文在搭建移动式承压类特种设备应急联动系统的背景下,重点开发移动式承压类特种设备应急平台.该平台是应急联动系统的核心控制部分,可实现危化品车辆管理、在线监测、事故分析、应急救援、统计分析、基础数据管理、系统管理等功能.应急联动系统融入“平战结合”理念,危险发生时,首先,平台从现场侦测装置自动采集数据;其次,启动事故分析和应急救援模块,必要时自动开启喷淋装置;第三,基于模型预测结果生成相应的应急救援方案;最后,发送到手持终端.该系统可以提升移动式承压类特种设备突发事件应急的及时性、科学性和有效性.     

Risk analysis in harbor environments using simulation

The paper proposes the development of an integrated interactive environment for risk analysis applied to harbor and maritime environments. This approach is very effective for properly designing the harbor and maritime infrastructure in terms of resources, structures and services for facing possible emergencies. The authors describe the general architecture of this tool and the integration with a specific simulation module devoted to an oil spill study and analysis, including experimental results and statistical validation.     

河北省水资源演化分析及预测

分析了自20世纪50年代以来河北省水资源环境的演变机制,并在此基础上,采用灰色系统方法预测了河北省水资源环境的发展趋势.分析表明,受全球气候变化影响,河北省年降水量整体呈下降趋势,且人为活动对水资源系统的扰动加剧,水资源开发利用程度极高;河北省地表水和地下水水质恶化,地下水类型发生变化,矿化度和硬度升高,重碳酸型和硫酸盐型地下水面积增加,河北平原浅层地下水水位呈下降趋势.灰色预测表明,未来河北省的降水将稍有减少,地下水开采量将持续增加,进一步破坏河北省脆弱的地下水系统;农业用水将持续下降,而生活用水将持续增加;河北省地表水和地下水水质继续恶化.地下水测井超标率居高不下,地表水超Ⅴ类河长所占比例持续增加,到2010年将达到63.62%,河北平原浅层地下水水位呈下降趋势,预计2010年浅层地下水平均埋深将达到19.92 m.     

重大事故隐患监控与应急预案的实用性研究

本项实用性研究是将高新技术手段应用于重点企业安全生产管理工作──重大事 故隐患监控、应急预定计划方案、安全管理绩效评价等方面的一项有益的探索与尝试。本项研究应 用了系统论、控制论、运筹学、决策学的学术内容，在方法论上综合了社会环境，人文因素对工程客体 变异过程的影响，同时在管理科学的实用意义上，又将对企业安全管理的文档整理、信息收集、数据 处理、自动警示、动态分析和预测、预防起到技术推动作用，是安全生产工作中的一项创造性工作。     

浅析职业安全健康领域人力资源管理创新

我国职业安全健康领域人力资源管理存在管理理念落后,激励因素不足,培训开发力度不足等问题,制约我国职业安全健康事业的发展。为盘活现有的人力资源,实现职业安全健康领域人力资源创新管理,笔者认为一是要进行观念创新;二是要进行机制创新;三是要营造有利于职业安全健康领域人力资源管理创新的环境。本文就职业安全健康领域人力资源管理创新提出三点建议：（1）提升职业安全健康领域人力资源管理战略高度;（2）提高职业安全健康领域人力资源管理专业水平;（3）加强职业安全健康领域人力资源管理权力约束机制建设。     

海外石油工程项目社会安全应急资源管理实践与思考

随着国际形势的变化,海外社会安全突发事件在全球日益频繁的爆发,应急资源的合理配置和科学管理,成为海外石油工程项目应急管理的重中之重。本文以南苏丹独立为例,重点阐述中国石油天然气集团公司(以下简称集团公司)苏丹石油工程项目应急资源管理的需求分析、资源准备、优化配置和后续管理4个关键环节,总结了相关实践经验,剖析了存在的问题,并提出了社会安全应急资源管理的几点思考。     

各类突发事件应对异同及健全应急管理体系相关问题探讨

为了健全国家应急管理体系、提升应急管理能力,分析了各类突发事件在危险源性质、事件发生演化规律、事件应对具体措施及所需资源等方面的不同,以及在各类突发事件危险源防控基本理念、事件应对基本过程、应对资源保障模式、指挥协调模式、分级预警和响应模式等方面的相似性;在此基础上,探讨了在构建和完善应急管理体系时需要考虑的对象、目标、责任主体、运行机制和保障条件等问题。研究结果表明:应急管理是一个内涵和外延都十分广泛的综合性概念,具有涉及领域广、环节链条长、社会期望高、工作难度大等特点,健全应急管理体系并没有现成的模式或最优的方案,只有根据实际情况,深入研究和妥善解决应急管理体系各要素存在的问题,才能真正构建起符合国情的应急管理体系,并通过持续的应急能力建设,达成实现国家应急管理体系和能力现代化的目标。     

Risk management of terrorist attacks in the transport of hazardous materials using dynamic geoevents

This paper focuses attention on emergency management associated with a terrorist attack in the transport of hazardous materials in urban areas. The case study is in an urban area, a potential target for terrorist attacks due to its high vulnerability. Since it is not possible to predict where and when an attack will occur, the risk associated with terrorism is complex. It is only possible to identify the critical points for potential actions where counter measure must be applied. In the case of incidents which evolve relatively slowly, mitigation actions can be applied. The use of dynamic geoevents permits the immediate location of the event on a georeferenced map and the possibility of having a dynamic evolution of the scenario and of the number of people involved. The dynamic scenario has been created using the output of a consequence simulation code and a GIS software. Some assumptions were necessary but, since the aim of the paper is to define the procedure for the construction of the dynamic geoevent, these can be considered acceptable. The method will be further implemented in future.     

Fault propagation behavior study and root cause reasoning with dynamic Bayesian network based framework

The Bhopal disaster was a gas leak incident in India, considered the world's worst industrial disaster happened around process facilities. Nowadays the process facilities in petrochemical industries have becoming increasingly large and automatic. There are many risk factors with complex relationships among them. Unfortunately, some operators have poor access to abnormal situation management experience due to the lack of knowledge. However these interdependencies are seldom accounted for in current risk and safety analyses, which also belonged to the main factor causing Bhopal tragedy. Fault propagation behavior of process system is studied in this paper, and a dynamic Bayesian network based framework for root cause reasoning is proposed to deal with abnormal situation. It will help operators to fully understand the relationships among all the risk factors, identify the causes that lead to the abnormal situations, and consider all available safety measures to cope with the situation. Examples from a case study for process facilities are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. It also provides a method to help us do things better in the future and to make sure that another such terrible accident never happens again.