煤氧复合热效应的影响因素分析

煤的氧化放热是引起煤自燃的主要原因。煤氧复合热效应与耗氧速率和表面反应热有关。通过分析得出 ,q(z,n,CO2 ,T,d5 0 ) =h(Z) .g(n) .f (CO2 ) .I(T) .Ψ (d5 0 )。其中主要影响因素为煤结构、温度、氧浓度及粒度。根据威斯化学结构模型、本田化学结构模型及煤分子中包含的 7种表面活性结构 ,推出煤自燃表面分子结构模型 ,并分析其表面活性结构的种类、数量、活泼性 ,它们随煤体不同而千差万别 ;表面活性结构随温度变化的氧化活泼性及反应过程不同 ,造成煤表面氧化反应热 H不同。外在主要影响因素—煤的温度、氧浓度、粒度不同造成了耗氧速率 VO2 不同 ,使煤的放热强度不同。对此 ,通过 XK型煤自然发火实验台及 XKS程序升温实验台进行了实验分析     

基于分段拟合的煤自燃指标气体优选研究*

为更加精确地得出煤自燃的临界温度并找出煤自燃各个阶段最优的指标气体,以此提高煤层自燃预测预报的准确性,选取西北某矿2号煤和3号煤典型煤样开展程序升温-气相色谱实验,采用分段直线拟合的方法,得出煤自燃过程中的耗氧速率突变点温度和氧化产物生成量激增点温度,在此基础上采用灰色关联度分析法对煤干裂温度之后的指标气体进行优选。结果表明:2号煤和3号煤的自燃临界温度分别为73.0 ℃和72.1 ℃,干裂温度分别为112.6 ℃和109.8 ℃;CO适用于2种煤样全温度下的预测预报;φ(C2H4)/φ(C2H6)和C2H4是2号煤干裂温度之后较优的预测预报指标气体;φ(C2H4)/φ(C2H6),C2H4和C2H6是3号煤干裂温度之后较优的预测预报指标气体。     

不同粒径易自燃煤常温氧化实验研究*

为探究易自燃煤在常温条件下的氧化特性,自行设计煤常温封闭氧化实验装置,采用实验研究与回归分析2种方法,分析易自燃煤发生氧化反应的气体变化过程,探究3种粒径煤样在20 ℃有限空间内的耗氧与产气特征。结果表明:易自燃煤样在16 d常温封闭氧化过程中,容器内O2体积浓度呈指数衰减、CO和CO2体积浓度呈指数增长的变化规律;在0.06~0.83 mm范围内,粒径越大,易自燃煤耗氧速率越大,CO和CO2产生速率则先增大后减小;介于中间的粒径为0.13~0.25 mm易自燃煤氧化反应最强烈,更容易发生氧化。研究结果对揭示生产环境温度下煤粒粒径对煤自燃的影响有一定的意义。     

吨量煤体的自燃过程实验模拟研究

为更好地弄清矿井实际的煤自然发火规律,利用装煤量达5吨的大型实验台对两种烟煤分别进行了自燃模拟实验。大煤量的实验能够很好地模拟煤矿中煤低温氧化和传热传质共同作用导致的发火过程,实验得到的自然发火期与煤矿实际发火期也是一致的。实验中煤样从缓慢氧化变为快速氧化的临界温度为100～110℃。当煤温低于,临界温度时,煤样的升温受到空气流带走热量和向外界散热的影响很大,因此夹层水的保温作用就很关键。当煤温超过临界温度后,反应加快,温度急剧上升,散热的影响明显降低,反应主要受限于氧气的供应情况。     

煤自燃发火潜伏期不同温度下耗氧特性的研究

为了探究地层温度的升高对采空区自燃倾向性的影响,对处于自燃潜伏期的煤展开耗氧特性和CO释放特性的研究。通过对长平矿3#煤分别进行20~60℃的封闭耗氧实验,得到了自燃潜伏期不同温度下煤的氧浓度以及CO浓度随时间变化的曲线。对氧浓度变化曲线和CO浓度变化曲线进行拟合分析得到了不同温度下煤的氧气消耗和CO生成速度,同时得到了氧浓度衰减系数和CO浓度增长系数。封闭耗氧实验结果表明:从20~60℃氧气消耗速度逐渐增大并且氧浓度衰减系数呈指数增长,CO浓度增长系数也逐渐增大并且同样呈指数增长,煤的窒熄带氧浓度临界值从20~60℃逐渐由16.8%降低到12.4%。为探究不同温度下采空区煤的自燃发火危险性,将封闭耗氧实验结果的参数应用到采空区CFD数值模拟仿真中,模拟得到随着温度升高采空区窒熄带临界氧浓度位置由200 m增长到380 m。结果表明:常温下不易自燃的煤在较高的环境温度下表现出了较强的氧气消耗和CO释放能力,并且采空区自然氧化带随着温度的升高动态变宽,增大了采空区的自燃发火危险性。     

The effect of ventilation on spontaneous heating of coal

Ventilation plays an important role in the spontaneous heating of coal in an underground coal mine. If the ventilation rate is too high, heat is carried away by convection. If the ventilation rate is too low, the reaction rate becomes oxygen-limited. The effect of ventilation on the spontaneous heating of coal was investigated in an isothermal oven in this study. Experiments were conducted on three U.S. coal samples with ventilation rates ranging from 100 to 500 cm³/min. Experiments under ventilation were conducted to determine the critical ambient temperature, which is the minimum oven temperature required for a coal sample to achieve thermal runaway. Spontaneous heating tests were then conducted at various ventilation rates at the critical ambient temperature and the results were compared with spontaneous heating tests without ventilation. It was found that there is an optimum ventilation flow to produce the maximum rate of temperature rise at the critical ambient temperature. When the coal sample particle size was increased, a higher critical ambient temperature was required. The results in this study have application in the prevention of spontaneous combustion in underground coal mines.     

单轴应力对煤自燃特性参数和导热系数的影响研究

为探究单轴应力作用下煤氧化和传热特性,利用自制荷载加压煤自燃特性参数测定装置对炉体内长焰煤煤样进行程序升温。结合程序升温过程中煤临界温度Tc和Tg,对其进行阶段划分:阶段1为30℃~Tc;阶段2为Tc~Tg。计算了不同单轴应力下2个阶段煤表观活化能和平均耗氧速率。根据能量守恒得出程序升温过程煤导热系数随温度的变化,进一步分析煤导热系数与单轴应力的关系。结果表明:阶段1单轴应力为4 MPa时为临界轴压,煤表观活化能最大,平均耗氧速率最小;阶段2煤表观活化能和平均耗氧速率随单轴应力增大均呈抛物线变化,单轴应力为2.7 MPa时为临界轴压,煤表观活化能最大,平均耗氧速率最小;阶段1和2煤导热系数随温度升高均先减小后增大,并且煤导热系数随单轴应力增大呈三次函数变化。     

空气湿度对煤自燃特性影响的试验研究

为研究空气湿度对煤自燃特性的影响,运用程序升温试验台,在不同环境湿度条件下,对黄陵2号矿4#煤层煤样进行程序升温,分析不同温度下的气体成分,计算煤样在不同温度和湿度条件下的耗氧速率、CO和CO_2产生率,以及煤氧化的表观活化能。结果表明:与在干燥的空气中氧化相比,煤在加湿空气中的耗氧速率、CO和CO_2产生率升高,活化能降低,表明加湿有利于煤自燃;随空气湿度增加,煤体的耗氧速率、cO和CO_2产生率先升高后降低,活化能先降低后增加,表明存在一个最容易使煤氧化自燃的临界空气湿度;黄陵2号矿4#煤层煤样的临界相对湿度为25%左右。     

Experimental study on oxygen consumption rate of residual coal in goaf

In order to research the actual oxygen consumption rate of residual coal in goaf, the heating and oxidizing experiment was conducted respectively on five types of single particle size of coal samples and one hybrid particle size of coal samples by using self-developed CSC-B2 test system. This study measured inlet and outlet oxygen concentration of the oxidation tank, and calculated the oxygen consumption rate of each coal sample at different temperatures. For the residual coal in the same goaf, which is regarded as a hybrid particle size of coal consisting of a variety of single granularity of coal, its oxygen consumption rate is the mass weighted average of the rate of each particle size of coal. Accordingly, this paper established the equation of oxygen consumption rate of hybrid particle size of coal samples, taking into account temperature, granularity and oxygen concentration. Then comparison between the calculated value and the actually measured value of oxygen consumption rate of hybrid particle size of coal samples at different temperatures was conducted. And the results reveal that the calculated value basically coincide with the actually measured one. Moreover, the results prove that the established calculation formula for oxygen consumption rate can be used to accurately calculate the actual oxygen consumption rate of residual coal samples. The achievement of this research is of theoretical and practical significance for learning about the characteristics of coal spontaneous combustion and forecasting the self-ignition of residual coal in goaf.     

露头煤层自燃相似实验研究及热释放速率计算

为了研究露头煤层自燃发火过程以及判定火灾发展状态与趋势,自主设计了露头煤层自燃过程相似模拟系统实验装置。通过分析相似模拟实验数据,得到火区气体CO_2,CO,O_2体积分数与温度之间的变化关系具有良好的相关性,可作为判定火灾状态的标志性气体,并拟合出O_2体积分数与温度之间的关系方程。根据氧消耗原理及相关理论,得到了煤在干燥环境中阴燃状态下的热释放速率简化关系方程,为煤田火灾的研究和防治提供了参考依据。     

煤自燃预测气体及活化能变化研究

为了研究煤在低温阶段的自燃活化能及气体产生规律,基于耗氧量与煤温间的计算模型,利用煤氧化动力学测试系统,分析了3种不同自燃性煤的低温氧化表征。结果表明:1)随着煤自燃倾向性增强,煤的耗氧量和耗氧速率逐渐增大,且其耗氧速率急剧增大的拐点温度逐渐升高;2)不同自燃性煤活化能变化规律存在显著差异,利用阶段耗氧量拐点计算出铜川和大同煤样温度分别为203℃、228℃时,活化能快速减小,开始进入自发氧化阶段;晋城煤样活化能经历先减小后增大的过程,其中过渡温度段91~135℃时,活化能最小;同时拟合出活化能(E)与指前因子(A)关系式满足动力补偿效应,验证了机理函数的合理性;3)依据复合气体CO_2/CO、CH_4/C_2H_6、C_2H_4/C_2H_6、C_3H_8/C_2H_6随温度的变化趋势,结合煤低温氧化特性,可预测煤样的氧化进程和煤体温度。     

不同变质程度煤自燃特性及低温氧化动力学分析

为了研究不同变质程度煤在低温氧化自燃过程中的特性,以及煤样变质程度对煤自燃过程的影响,利用程序升温试验系统研究了不同变质程度煤在低温氧化阶段气体与特征温度变化规律。通过计算其耗氧速率、放热强度,分析了耗氧速率、放热强度与温度之间的对应关系。同时分析了煤样变质程度对CO、CO₂气体及耗氧速率、放热强度的影响规律。根据程序升温的试验条件和阿伦尼乌斯公式建立了CO与温度的计算模型,分析了该方程的线性回归直线斜率,计算了不同变质程度煤低温氧化活化能,分析并印证了煤样变质程度与活化能之间的关系。根据不同煤质工业分析指标试验结果,进一步阐述了各煤种主要煤质工业分析指标的差别,分析了主要指标与煤程序升温试验自燃氧化参数的相关性,同时分析了主要工业分析指标对各特征参数的影响。结果表明:煤在低温氧化自燃过程所产出的CO和CO₂气体释放量、耗氧速率及放热强度均随温度升高而呈指数级增长;随煤样变质程度增加,CO和CO₂气体、耗氧速率、放热强度变化较小;煤的变质程度越高,特征温度和活化能越大;煤样自燃的可能性越小,危险性越小;结合煤样工业分析与活化能发现,水分、灰分、挥发分含量与活化能呈负相关。     

极限平衡区顶煤自燃三维非均质动态数值模拟

为探究极限平衡区内顶煤自燃规律,利用Fluent软件对顶煤自燃进行数值模拟研究。通过对顶煤移动变形及自燃特点的分析,确定顶煤自燃过程的模拟为三维非均质动态模拟,并建立数学模型,给出相关参数及边界条件的确定方法。以恒大矿某工作面为例,对其顶煤的自燃过程进行数值模拟,并分析工作面风量及煤体耗氧速度与自然发火期之间的关系。结果表明:对计算区域进行模拟所得到的速度场、氧浓度场及温度场与现场观测结果及理论结果比较吻合;工作面风量对煤体自然发火期影响较小,而对高温区域中心点位置影响较大;煤体耗氧速率与自然发火期近似成负指数函数关系。     

煤氧化阻化过程中的热特性研究

化学阻燃剂通过化学作用破坏或降低煤分子中活化能较低易被氧化的活性基团,使煤自燃链式反应中断难以达到自燃。为研究煤氧化阻化过程中的热特性变化,通过煤的热重实验,从微观角度研究了次磷酸盐在煤自燃氧化过程中对其表面官能团的影响,分析了阻化剂添加前后的热特性曲线和特征温度,研究了不同升温速率及不同粒径下阻化煤样的热特性变化规律。结果显示:随升温速率的增大和煤样粒径的减小,热特性曲线及特征温度均出现向后推移,特征温度出现不同程度的升高。     

基于热爆炸理论的煤燃点确定及动力学分析

为准确判断煤燃点,提高煤自燃灾害防治能力,依据热爆炸理论,结合煤自燃过程放热曲线,将煤自燃升温过程中微分热流曲线上第1处极小值点作为煤的燃点,计算煤着火前后放热过程动力学参数变化.结果表明:随升温速率增加,煤自燃反应放热过程逐渐向高温区域移动,煤燃点逐渐增大,反应的活化能逐渐减小;同一升温速率下燃点之后煤的活化能增大;...     

初始氧化温度对浸水长焰煤二次氧化特性的影响机制

为揭示不同初始氧化温度下浸水长焰煤的氧化自燃特性,利用红外光谱和热分析实验手段以及MS数值模拟方法研究其氧化自燃规律,并采用线性拟合的方法阐述自由基变化特性。结合分子键能的变化,分析浸水条件下二次氧化的煤氧链式反应过程。研究结果表明:经过120 ℃预氧化后,浸水风干长焰煤的还原性官能团甲基、亚甲基、羟基均高于原煤,而羰基、羧基低于原煤;与原煤相比,浸水风干后的煤预氧化温度在120 ℃时最大升温速率最高（0.036 9 ℃/s）,表现出更强的自燃倾向性;MS模拟优化得出煤中各官能团在预氧化120 ℃时键能变化较大,结合热分析实验,确立预氧化后浸水风干煤体氧化自燃特性机制。     

煤自燃特性及自然发火预测预报指标体系研究

以梁宝寺矿3号煤层为背景,采用色谱吸氧法和氧化动力法对其自燃倾向性进行了对比分析。同时,通过煤氧化升温热解实验对其升温过程中各气体随温度的变化规律进行了分析,以实验所得和灰色关联分析所得定性和定量相结合的方式,优选出了不同温度阶段煤自然发火预测预报所对应的第一、第二和第三预测指标,建立了煤自然发火预测预报体系,为有效抑制该矿及同类矿井火灾的发生具有重要意义。     

煤热动力学参数、特征温度与挥发分关系的试验研究

通过煤的热动力学参数和特征温度可以表征煤自燃危险程度。而在实际情况中,这些数据缺少,往往只有煤的工业参数。因此,研究工业参数与表征煤自燃危险参数的关系十分必要。为了分析和建立该关系,基于非等温试验方法对不同煤样进行热重试验分析,得出8个煤样在10℃/min升温速率下的反应动力学参数与煤工业分析参数的关系,揭示挥发分与煤的氧化特性、特征温度的关系。试验结果表明:8个煤样的挥发分排序F3>F8>F4>F7>F2>F1>F5>F6,各特征温度排序基本满足T3相似文献   

Study of coal oxidation behaviour in re-opened sealed heating

Possible changes in the oxidation behaviour of coal in the spontaneous combustion site of re-opened sealed heating were studied. Two samples of bituminous coal and three types of coal pre-treatment procedures were applied to simulate in situ conditions at the “spon-com” site: i) pre-oxidation of coal, ii) pre-heating of coal under inert gas, and iii) immersion of pre-heated coal in liquid water. Pre-treated samples were then examined for the production rate of the indication gases evolved during oxidation and for oxidation heat effects. Two main conclusions were drawn with respect to oxidation of the coal in re-opened sealed heating: i) carbon monoxide and unsaturated hydrocarbons maintain their relevance as spontaneous combustion indication gases, however, increased production of both carbon oxides can be expected; ii) coal in the extinguished spontaneous combustion site gains increased susceptibility to the self-heating process.     

Evaluation of the spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal of different metamorphic degrees based on a temperature-programmed oil bath experimental system

Research on the micro- and macrocharacteristics of different metamorphic degrees of coal helps improve the control and protection techniques used during spontaneous combustion. Nine coals with different properties were thoroughly investigated in this study. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and a self-designed temperature-programmed oil bath experimental system were adopted to analyze the molecular structure and macrocharacteristic parameters of the spontaneous combustion of coal. Additionally, the influence of particle size on spontaneous combustion was considered. Various functional groups were employed as microcharacteristic parameters to capture the principal active groups in oxidation. The gas production rate, oxygen consumption rate, gas concentration, heat energy release rate, and characteristic temperatures were evaluated as macrocharacteristic parameters to investigate the changes in coal during oxidation. The results establish that the microcharacteristics of coal molecules determine the degree of spontaneous combustion based on intrinsic properties and that changes in the macrocharacteristics of the spontaneous combustion of coal reflect the microstructural changes. The contents of the hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, alkyl ether and aryl ether in the coal molecules gradually decrease with the metamorphic increase. Oxygen-containing functional groups have higher reactivities and easily react with oxygen, causing the macroparameters, such as the oxygen consumption rate, the gas generation rate and the heat energy release rate, to consistently decrease with the increase of the metamorphic degree. Small-particle-size coal molecules have more active aliphatic hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing functional groups and a larger specific surface area, increasing the chances of adsorbing the oxygen of active groups and promoting the reaction between coal and oxygen. The experimental results indicate that coal samples with higher metamorphic degrees or larger sizes exhibit lower tendencies toward spontaneous combustion. Evaluation of the spontaneous combustion of coal based on a temperature-programmed oil bath experimental system is of great practical importance for preventing the spontaneous combustion of coal during storage, processing and utilization and can serve as a convenient reference for production safety in mining applications.