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1.
腐殖酸对As(V)在覆铁砂介质中吸附行为的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对腐殖酸(HA)进行了成分分析及红外表征,并从HA浓度、pH值、As(Ⅴ)初始浓度等方面,研究了HA对As(Ⅴ)在覆铁砂介质中吸附行为的影响.结果表明,随着HA浓度的升高,总砷去除率逐渐降低.当HA浓度增加到25mg.l-1时,与不存在HA条件下相比,总砷去除率降低了12%左右.溶液pH值影响As(Ⅴ)的去除,pH值从6升高到8时,总砷去除率从52.1%降到了39%.其中的作用机理主要是HA与As(Ⅴ)在覆铁砂表面形成竞争吸附,HA争夺了As(Ⅴ)的吸附点位.此外,HA与Fe(Ⅲ)的络合作用也是导致覆铁砂对砷的去除率降低的一个重要原因.  相似文献   

2.
唐林茜  张春华  葛滢 《环境化学》2023,42(1):241-252
采用氯化铁(FeCl3)制备了铁改性酵母粉,测试其对溶液中锑酸盐(Sb(V))的吸附性能,考察了FeCl3浓度、溶液pH以及酵母粉投加量对Sb(V)去除的影响,研究了Sb(V)在铁改性酵母粉表面的吸附动力学、吸附等温线特征,并用SEM-EDS、ATR-FTIR、XRD、XPS等方法对改性酵母粉进行表征以探究其吸附机理。结果表明,改性酵母粉吸附Sb(V)的最佳条件为:FeCl3浓度0.5 mol·L−1、酵母粉投加量2 g·L−1、pH 3。0.5 mol·L−1 FeCl3改性酵母粉(0.5 Fe-Y)对溶液中Sb(V) 的最大去除率为91.2%,吸附容量达68.15 mg·g−1。0.5 Fe-Y对Sb(V)的吸附符合伪二级动力学和Langmuir等温线模型,该吸附过程属于化学吸附,涉及络合反应和静电吸附。FeCl3改性能显著增强酵母粉对Sb(V)的吸附能力,酵母粉表面羟基等官能团增多、电位增加、晶形结构更加无序以及表面羟基铁与Sb(V)形成内层络合物是其Sb(V)吸附能力增强的原因。  相似文献   

3.
废水中的砷是最具毒性的环境污染物之一.为了更好地利用纳米零价铁(Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron,NZVI)修复水体污染,本文进行了浮石负载NZVI去除水相中As(V)的研究.利用环境扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对浮石负载纳米零价铁(P-NZVI)的形态和粒度进行表征分析,根据批试验和间歇试验探究反应条件对去除效果的影响,并通过对照P-NZVI与As(V)溶液反应前后的样品的X射线光电子能谱(XPS),结合XPS Fe2p和XPS As3d窄轨道图谱,探讨P-NZVI对水相中As(V)的去除机理.研究结果表明,制备所得NZVI颗粒平均粒径30.6 nm,分散在浮石表面.利用BET-N2法检测得到P-NZVI的比表面积为32.2 m2·g-1(NZVI含量0.28 g,质量比7.7%).P-NZVI对As(V)的去除率随初始pH值、反应温度、As(V)初始质量浓度的升高而降低,反应符合准一级和准二级动力学方程.初始As(V)浓度为100 mg·L-1时,P-NZVI的平衡时吸附量为35.7 mg·g-1.P-NZVI对As(V)的去除机理包括吸附、沉淀和共沉淀作用.  相似文献   

4.
水体中的砷主要以亚砷酸(As(Ⅲ))形态存在. 金属氧化物常用于水体砷的去除,但其对As(Ⅲ)的亲和力较弱,导致水体砷很难去除,因此,寻求高效、廉价、绿色的除As(Ⅲ)材料具有显著的环境意义. 天然含铁锰矿是一种高效的砷吸附剂,由于自然形成条件复杂,其不同含铁锰矿对As(Ⅲ)的去除性能存在较大差异. 本研究以两种不同Mn/Fe比例的天然含铁锰矿(NFM-L、NFM-H)为研究对象,评估其对As(Ⅲ)的吸附性能,并结合XPS、XRD等光谱学表征手段探究其砷的去除机制. 实验结果表明,NFM-L的Fe含量是NFM-H的5.61倍,其As(Ⅲ)的最大吸附量(24.82 mg·g−1)与吸附速率亦显著高于NFM-H(18.94 mg·g−1),NFM-L和NFM-H对As(Ⅲ)的等温吸附曲线更符合Freundlich模型. 影响因子实验表明,溶液pH值对NFM-L的影响更大,共存离子H2PO4能够显著抑制两种材料对As(Ⅲ)的吸附,但是材料粒径对As(Ⅲ)去除的影响较小. 光谱学表征发现,两种矿物吸附砷后结构并未发生明显变化,但锰氧化物能将As(Ⅲ)氧化为As(V),从而显著提高了铁锰矿对砷的吸附能力.  相似文献   

5.
金属污染对栖息在该环境中的生物具有强大的选择力,生物若能进化出对该金属的抗性则能在该环境中生存下去,否则将会灭绝。人工模拟的选择方法可以用来研究生物对金属的抗性进化。为了探索大型蚤(Daphnia magna)是否能进化出对五价砷(As(Ⅴ))的抗性,采用多代选择的方法对其进行了As(Ⅴ)诱导的抗性响应研究。依据本实验室大型蚤对As(Ⅴ)的96h半致死浓度(4.25 mg·L~(-1)),试验选取As(Ⅴ)亚致死浓度(8.0 mg·L~(-1))对大型蚤进行选择,每代选择30%~50%对As(Ⅴ)耐受性高的大型蚤转移至不加As(Ⅴ)环境下继续繁殖得到下一代,并重复该选择过程至获得第五代(F5)终止试验。以选择组F5代及对照组F5代大型蚤为测试目标,考察其在As(Ⅴ)继续暴露下的存活时间以期获得具As(Ⅴ)抗性大型蚤。结果显示,在F5代中,选择组大型蚤在As(Ⅴ)(8.0 mg·L~(-1))暴露下的存活时间相比对照组显著延长175%,证实了大型蚤对As(Ⅴ)的进化抗性。进一步研究发现,选择组F5代与对照组F5代相比繁殖力下降19.96%,平均每批产仔量降低15.71%。这表明经过五代人工选择后,大型蚤能够进化出对As(Ⅴ)的抗性,而这种抗性的进化伴随以生物适应性参数的降低为代价。另外,大型蚤对这种抗性的获得机制(对As(Ⅴ)的累积和脱毒机制)仍需进一步研究。  相似文献   

6.
根据As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)在HG-AFS仪器上的响应差别,利用As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)标准回归方程建立的分析因子,通过测定溶液中预还原前的荧光强度和预还原后的砷量,建立了一种高灵敏度、干扰少、快速、操作简便的HG-AFS法直接测定As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的分析方法.对影响分析因子的各种仪器条件和共存离子干扰进行了试验,考察了样品中不同浓度As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的测定精密度.方法的检出限As(Ⅲ)为0.050ng·ml-1,As(Ⅴ)为0.087ng·ml-1,相对误差为0.31%—19.2%,相对标准偏差为1.18%—20.96%.方法对水中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的测定相对标准偏差为7.55%—24.97%,回收率为89.5%—110.2%,对土壤中酸提取和磷酸盐交换性As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的回收率为91.2%—104.8%.  相似文献   

7.
绿色的生物学方法处理含砷废水,对于缓解工业发展所带来砷污染问题,提高居民健康生活质量具有重要意义。以湖南石门雄黄矿区的尾矿池积水(SY)、地下400 m处的矿坑水(NY)和尾矿池底泥表层(XY)3个样本为研究对象,利用细菌富集和多次传代的方法,从这3个环境样本中获得可氧化三价砷的3个菌群。在砷质量浓度为l~5 g·L-1的培养基中分别检测上述3个菌群的耐受能力,发现在砷质量浓度高达5 g·L-1的条件下,上述菌群均能在2~3 d内达到109 cells·mL-1。利用上述菌群处理l g·L-1亚砷酸钠溶液,SY、XY和NY菌群可分别在25、20和35 h内将三价砷完全氧化,并且使溶液中的总砷质量浓度降低66.7%。进一步对3个菌群进行多次平板分离,利用五价砷和硝酸银的颜色反应,获得11株可氧化三价砷的目的菌株。对这些菌株16S rDNA进行NCBI的BLASTN序列比对发现,菌株SMY24、SMY33、SMY22、SMY32、SMY21和SMY31均属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),菌株SMY104属于不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter),菌株SMY17、SMY25、SMY9和SMY1在所有的已知序列中,最大的相似率只有91%,最小的相似率为76%,且都是未曾报道纯培养的细菌。对这些菌株三价砷氧化能力进行测定发现,其中菌株SMY104和SMY21在20 h内能将三价砷几乎完全氧化。通过对这些菌株三价砷氧化酶基因进行初步检测,发现了多个菌株具有三价砷氧化酶基因(AoxB)。  相似文献   

8.
    
The contaminant transport distance is predicted using numerical model. Zero-valent iron can be used to effectively transform nitrobenzene to aniline. Experiment shows that two-layer PRB systems have a very good treatment effect. Organic contamination of groundwater is a major concern in China. However, remediation technology for groundwater contamination to address the potential harm and danger brought by the above-mentioned serious issue is still in the research stage. This study aims to improve the current research findings. In the research project, drilling, soil, and groundwater sampling and analysis were conducted in a contamination site of a petrochemical plant, migration of contaminants to the river was predicted using a numerical model, the sequence permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for treating nitrobenzene (NB) and benzene was proposed, and simulation was carried out. Research findings demonstrated that three leaking locations had been identified in the plant, the major pollutants were NB and benzene, and the groundwater contamination area was around 640000 m2. Computation results of the numerical model indicated that, in the worst case, the groundwater plume would reach the river after migration for nearly 9 years, which would endanger the safety of surface water supply. Furthermore, the two-PRB system with the filling of zero-valent iron (ZVI) and granular activated carbon attached with biofilm exerted strong remediation effects. Experimental results indicated that ZVI could transform NB to aniline effectively with a rate of approximately 93%. Meanwhile, aniline, benzene, and other organic pollutants could easily be biodegraded.  相似文献   

9.
为了研究MnO2对水体中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)去除的差异及其相关机理,在恒温(25±1℃)条件下,设置溶液pH、振荡时间、MnO2投入量、砷初始浓度等参数的变化进行相关研究.结果表明,在酸性条件下,MnO2对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的去除效果最佳;振荡时间在0-3 h时,MnO2对As(Ⅲ)的去除率大于As(Ⅴ);随着砷的初始浓度升高,As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的去除率均表现为显著降低;MnO2对As(Ⅲ)的最大吸附量随MnO2投入量的加大而减小;准二级吸附动力学方程均能很好的描述砷的吸附过程,As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)平衡吸附量为0.4 mg·g-1;As(Ⅲ)吸附等温线能很好地用Langmuir方程进行描述,而As(Ⅴ)则符合Freundlich等温吸附模型.  相似文献   

10.
复合铁铝氢氧化物对As(Ⅴ)的吸附作用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
从吸附剂的组成、结构、表面性质、溶液的酸度及砷的存在形式等方面探讨了复合铁铝氢氧化物(Fe5Al2(OH)21·nH2O)对溶液中As(Ⅴ)的吸附.结果表明,该吸附剂具有微晶体的结构特征,孔径小,比表面积大,等电位点pH值为8.3;在pH为4-8的溶液中,对As(Ⅴ)的吸附能力很强,饱和吸附容量Qm分别为:0.7901(pH5),0.5981(pH7)和0.3033 (pH9)mol·kg-1, 常见共存离子不影响砷的吸附.Langmiur方程能很好地描述实验的吸附等温线.吸附态 As(Ⅴ)的解吸量随解吸剂pH值的升高而增大.  相似文献   

11.
采用土壤盆栽试验法,研究6个不同基因型水稻品种根表铁膜形成及其对As吸收、转运的影响。结果表明,水稻形成根表铁膜在不同基因型品种之间差异显著(p<0.001),其中品种94D-22形成铁膜量(以Fe含量计)是品种圭630的1.5~1.8倍,添加As处理对水稻根表铁膜形成影响不显著。低As含量的对照土壤中,水稻根表铁膜量与根系As含量存在着显著的正相关关系(r=0.657,n=24,p<0.01),与As转移系数呈显著的负相关关系(r=-0.612,n=24,p<0.01)。土壤添加As后,水稻根表铁膜量与茎叶As含量存在显著的正相关关系(r=0.653-0.673,n=24,p<0.01),与As转运之间无显著相关性。比较生长于As污染土壤的不同水稻品种,科优1360茎叶积累As较少,且其根系转运As能力也较差,而品种94D-22正好相反。研究结果表明,在As含量较低的土壤中,水稻根表铁膜的存在可成为根系As的障碍层,阻止As向地上部转运;但在As含量较高的土壤,根表铁膜的存在却促进了水稻茎叶对As的积累,其对As的转运没有显著影响。人们可通过作物品种筛选来防治土壤As污染危害、降低As对人体健康的威胁。  相似文献   

12.
    
Eichhornia crassipes (Ec) and Lemna minor (Lm) are aquatic plants. They are considered as weeds of the water and approach being a scourge in many parts of the world, choking waterways and hindering transport upon them. At the same time they are known to readily remove heavy metal ions from water. This paper considers the use of non-living plants as novel and inexpensive biosorbent for the removal of As(V) from watersheds. In the first place they were conditioned and characterised to determine their physicochemical and surface properties and in the second place their adsorption properties for As(V) from aqueous solution were evaluated considering the toxicity of this metalloid in the environment. It describes the methodology to prepare the non-living biomasses; the physicochemical characterisation by SEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA analyses and surface characterisation of Ec and Lm by specific surface, hydration kinetic, point of zero charge determination by mass titration, active site density and XPS analysis are described. Both studied biomasses were found to be potential bio-sorbents for arsenic ions from aqueous solution. According to their efficiency to remove arsenic, they can be used in a very low cost metalloid ions removal system.  相似文献   

13.
This study may be the first investigation to be performed into the potential benefits of recycling industrial waste in controlling contaminants in leachate. Batch reactors were used to evaluate the efficacy of waste steel scrap and converter slag to treat mixed contaminants using mimic leachate solution. The waste steel scrap was prepared through pre-treatment by an acid-washed step, which retained both zero-valent iron site and iron oxide site. Extensive trichloroethene (TCE) removal (95%) occurred by acid-washed steel scrap within 48 h. In addition, dehalogenation (Cl production) was observed to be above 7.5% of the added TCE on a molar basis for 48 h. The waste steel scrap also removed tetrachloroethylene (PCE) through the dehalogenation process although to a lesser extent than TCE. Heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) were extensively removed by both acid-washed steel scrap and converter slag through the adsorption process. Among salt ions (NH4+, NO3, and PO43−), PO43− was removed by both waste steel scrap (100% within 8 h) and converter slag (100% within 20 min), whereas NO3- and NH4+ were removed by waste steel scrap (100% within 7 days) and converter slag (up to 50% within 4 days) respectively. This work suggests that permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) with waste steel scrap and converter slag might be an effective approach to intercepting mixed contaminants in leachate from landfill.  相似文献   

14.
胡莹  段桂兰  刘云霞  黄益宗 《环境化学》2012,31(12):1968-1973
采用土-砂联合培养方法诱导水稻根表自然形成铁氧化物膜,研究了As-Pb交互作用对水稻根表铁膜吸附砷铅及根系吸收As和Pb的影响.结果表明,As和Pb的添加显著地影响水稻根表铁膜对As和Pb的吸附,并且As-Pb交互作用显著地影响水稻根系对两元素的吸收及根表铁膜对As的吸附.添加Pb可促进水稻根系对As的吸收.当As浓度为25 μmol·L-1时,浓度为25 μmol·L-1 Pb处理与对照相比导致水稻根系吸收As提高了53.3%.同样,施用As也可以促进水稻根系对Pb的吸收,当Pb的浓度为25 μmol·L-1和50 μmol·L-1时,50 μmol·L-1 As处理与对照相比,水稻根系吸收Pb分别提高20.2%和28.6%.添加As显著地促进Pb由铁膜向根系中转运,而添加Pb对As由铁膜向根系中的转运影响不大.因此,在重金属复合污染情况下,水稻根表铁膜对重金属的吸附及根系对重金属的吸收均存在着复杂的交互作用.  相似文献   

15.
The metal tolerance and metabolic changes in Boehmeria nivea colonized in mining areas are not well known. A hydroponic experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of antimony (Sb)+arsenic (As) in following combinations (control (no metal), 20+0, 10+10, 40+0, 20+20, and 40+40 mg/L) on phytotoxicity, metal tolerance index (MTI), and chlorophyll fluorescence in B. nivea. This constitutes an initial investigation of metal tolerance and chlorophyll fluorescence in Sb and Sb+As contaminated B. nivea. The high Sb+As 40+40 mg/L produced significant phytotoxicity and MTI in the plant. Progressive higher Sb and Sb+As levels resulted in decreased chlorophyll fluorescence of B. nivea. Exposure to intermediate and high Sb+As levels induced damage in the photosynthesis apparatus of the plant.  相似文献   

16.
    
A sensitive atomic spectrometric method for the redox speciation analysis of Sb in water is described. The proposed method is based on the selective generation of stibine from Sb(III) in a continuous flow system using non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry for detection. The effects of the HCl concentration on the fluorescence intensities of Sb(III) and Sb(V) were investigated. The results indicated that atomic fluorescence emission due to Sb(V) can constructively interfere with the determination of Sb(III). For the determination of Sb(III), four compounds were tested as masking agents to inhibit the generation of stibine from Sb(V). The effects of the concentrations of the masking agents and of HCl on the fluorescence signals from Sb(III) and Sb(V) were studied. The results indicated that citric acid and NaF can successfully suppress hydride generation from Sb(V). To evaluate the developed methodology and the influence of the matrix, the recovery of Sb(III) from natural water that was spiked with different Sb(III) and Sb(V) concentrations was tested.  相似文献   

17.
    
Thirty samples of Chinese medicines and herbs were analyzed using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods, mainly noting on the hazardous elements arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), chromium, antimony and cobalt. The three Niuhuang Jiedu Pian samples contained 8.6%, 8.3% and 2.2% As. Two out of four Liushen Wan samples contained approximately7% of both As and Hg. Despite being identically named, the other two Liushen Wan samples did not contain such high concentrations. Japanese Liushen Wan for children contained 1.2 ± 0.03% As and 31 ± 12 mg/kg Hg, whereas Liushen Wan for adults manufactured by another Japanese company contained 550 ± 22 mg/kg As and 1.2 ± 0.05 mg/kg Hg. All the chemical structural formulas of As and Hg in the high-concentration Niuhuang Jiedu Pian and Liushen Wan were realgar (As4S4), uzonite (As4S5) and cinnabar (HgS). Although the human body is generally not believed to absorb sulphides, continuous intake of these Chinese medicines is potentially no good because it is possible that some arsenic-sulfides will dissolve in gastric acid and then alter their chemical structures. Additionally, many herbs contained low concentrations of Hg, and their chemical structures were unknown.  相似文献   

18.
通过采用混合培养料试验、日立8810型氨基酸自动分析仪和原子吸收法测定氨基酸含量和砷含量以及灰色系统理论分析关联度,研究了硒镧复合作用下巴西蘑菇子实体氨基酸含量和砷含量的变化和关系,为栽培砷含量低的巴西蘑菇提供科学依据.各硒镧复合处理的关联度排序为:B4>B1>B2>B0>B3.其中B4处理关联度最大,为0.835 1,B2最小,为0.726 9,说明硒镧浓度对巴西蘑菇子实体各氨基酸含量与砷含量有一定影响.各氨基酸含量与重金属砷含量关联度顺序为:丙氨酸>酪氨酸>胱氨酸>苯丙氨酸>赖氨酸>组氨酸>天门冬氨酸>异亮氨酸>苏氨酸>缬草氨酸>亮氨酸>甘氨酸>脯氨酸>精氨酸>丝氨酸>谷氨酸>甲硫氨酸.其中丙氨酸含量与砷含量关联度最大,为0.856 6,说明硒镧复合作用下巴西蘑菇子实体中丙氨酸含量与重金属砷含量的关系最为密切;关联度最小的是甲硫氨酸.  相似文献   

19.
    
A simple solvothermal method was used to prepare monodisperse magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles attached onto graphene oxide (GO) sheets as adsorbents to remove tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) from an aqueous solution. These Fe3O4/GO (MGO) nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The adsorption capacity at different initial pH, contact duration, and temperature were evaluated. The kinetics of adsorption was found to fit the pseudo-second-order model perfectly. The adsorption isotherm well fitted the Langmuir model, and the theoretical maximum of adsorption capacity calculated by the Langmuir model was 27.26 mg?g-1. The adsorption thermodynamics of TBBPA on the MGO nanocomposites was determined at 303 K, 313 K, and 323 K, respectively. The results indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. The MGO nanocomposites were conveniently separated from the media by an external magnetic field within several seconds, and then regenerated in 0.2 M NaOH solution. Thus, the MGO nanocomposites are a promising candidate for TBBPA removal from wastewater.  相似文献   

20.
根表铁锰膜对不同生育期水稻吸收和转运As的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
采用土壤盆栽试验法,研究不同生育期水稻根表铁锰膜形成及其对As吸收和转运的影响。结果表明,两个水稻品种YD6和NK57均在分蘖期形成的铁锰膜量最多,成熟期形成的铁锰膜量最少。水稻根系和茎叶吸收积累As随着水稻不同品种和不同生育期变化较大,As的吸收和积累与铁锰膜形成存在相关性。与分蘖期相比,YD6和NK57成熟期根系As含量分别减少81.6%和62.1%。孕穗期YD6和NK57茎叶As含量分别比分蘖期减少86.4%和65.5%,比成熟期减少87.8%和67.1%。分蘖期水稻根系和茎叶As含量与DCB-Fe或DCB-Mn浓度均呈显著的负相关关系,而孕穗期水稻根系和茎叶As含量与DCB-Fe浓度呈显著的正相关关系,说明不同生育期铁锰膜对水稻植株吸收和转运As的影响不同。两个水稻品种不同生育期,As均主要富集和分配在根表铁锰膜中,铁锰膜中As的分配比率达62.9%~84.9%。NK57从根表铁锰膜、根系和茎叶向籽粒转运As的能力比YD6强,籽粒中As含量是YD6的2.1倍。结果表明可以通过选育As低积累和低转运的水稻品种,来降低污染地区As对人体健康的威胁。  相似文献   

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