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1.
一株新的反硝化短程除硫菌的鉴定及主要培养因素筛选   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
依据反硝化除硫原理,以味精废水污泥为种泥,利用全混流反应器富集并分离出同步反硝化短程除硫菌(SNBI),采用传统与现代分子生物学相结合的手段对其鉴定,以确定其分类地位;同时对SNB1的主要培养因素(营养和环境)进行筛选.结果表明:SNB1的形态特征及生理生化指标与Thauera selenatis最相似,同源性达99.0%,属短杆菌属,尚无中文命名;生理生化指标、富集条件及富集过程物料平衡显示SNB1是一株兼性厌氧反硝化除硫菌;培养SNB1的最佳碳源为蔗糖,最佳氮源为蛋白胨,最佳培养温度为35℃,最适宜pH范围为7~9;最佳条件培养时,OD_(650)和对数细菌数量(CFU)呈直线相关,相关系数R~2=0.981.  相似文献   

2.
曾明  余龙飞  张逸  王章玮 《环境化学》2013,(8):1486-1490
介绍了一种天然水体中铵态和硝态氮δ15N的测定方法,包括3个步骤:(1)离子交换法富集水中铵态和硝态氮;(2)蒸馏法进一步提纯铵态和硝态氮;(3)阳离子树脂萃取由转化和蒸馏得到的铵态氮,并将树脂干燥后送入元素分析仪串联质谱(EA-IRMS)测定δ15N.用这种方法处理NH4Cl和KNO3配制的人工模拟水样和野外采集的天然水样,发现δ15N-NH4+和δ15N-NO3-测定的准确性高、重复性好,人工模拟水样δ15N-NH4+的测定值和标准值相差0.560‰,δ15N-NO3-的测定值和标准值相差0.341‰,所有水样重复间的标准偏差在0.008‰—0.384‰之间.测定方法需要的水样体积较少,水样处理速度较快,离子交换后水样中的铵态和硝态氮可长期保存,适合野外天然水体δ15N测定.  相似文献   

3.
余龙飞  李炳文  张逸  王章玮 《环境化学》2013,32(8):1481-1485
采集了我国7个站点的降雨和森林穿冠水样品,分析测定了水样中硝态氮和总氮的同位素丰度.降雨中硝态氮δ15N值范围为-9.00‰至9.71‰,其中北方站点冬季降雨中硝态氮δ15N值要远高于其他站点,可能是由于北方冬季燃煤供暖所致.穿冠水中硝态氮δ15N值范围为-16.59‰至-0.32‰,比降雨中的硝态氮δ15N值要低,其可能原因是林冠层中存在硝态氮的交换过程,从而产生了分馏作用.降雨和穿冠水中TN的δ15N值范围分别为-7.94‰至-3.07‰和-4.55‰至-1.73‰,其中穿冠水中TN的δ15N值要略高于降雨中的值.  相似文献   

4.
考察了不同进水有机物浓度下厌氧/好氧序批式移动床生物膜反应器(SBMBBR)污染物去除特性,实验结果表明,SBMBBR能够实现低碳源污水中氮和磷的同步去除,在进水TN和TP浓度分别为116.7 mg·L-1 和11.5 mg·L-1 、COD浓度为456 mg·L-1 的条件下,TN和TP去除率分别达到94.3%和92.2%以上.反应器除磷是基于常规生物除磷和反硝化除磷过程实现的,脱氮主要是基于好氧段发生的同时硝化反硝化(SND)作用而完成.由于生物膜内部存在的DO扩散梯度,在好氧阶段混合液DO浓度不断提高的条件下反应器内具有良好SND反应的发生.进水COD浓度由149 mg·L-1 提高至456 mg·L-1 的过程中,反应器硝化效果不变,反硝化和除磷效果改善.反应器在好氧阶段pH值基本维持在7.0—7.1之间,为各类菌群的生长创造了条件.碱度变化较pH值更能反映硝化和反硝化反应发生的程度.反应器中微生物相丰富,生物膜以丝状菌为骨架,其上附着大量的球状菌和杆状菌,而悬浮活性污泥中丝状菌较少,形成了由细菌、真菌到原生动物和后生动物的复杂的生态体系,为系统取得稳定的污水处理效果提供了有效的保证.  相似文献   

5.
    
• OBS inhibited the growth of P. stutzeri and destroyed its structure. • OBS was toxic to the aerobic denitrification process of P. stutzeri. • OBS induced the production of ROS in P. stutzeri. • OBS affected the expression of key genes involved in denitrification and SOD. The toxicities of sodium perfluorononyloxy-benzenesulfonate (OBS) to animals and plants are similar to those of perfluorooctane sulfonate. However, the mechanism of its toxicity to aerobic denitrifying bacteria is still unclear. In the present study, the ecotoxicity of OBS on an aerobic denitrifying strain, Pseudomonas stutzeri, was evaluated. The results showed that a dosage of OBS clearly affected the growth and aerobic denitrification of P. stutzeri. When compared with an unamended control, the degradation efficiency of the total nitrogen decreased by 30.13% during exposure to 200 mg/L of OBS, and the complete degradation time of nitrate-nitrogen was delayed by 4 h. The lactate dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase produced by the bacteria increased with the concentration of OBS, and reactive oxygen species were also detected by confocal laser scanning microscope imaging. Transmission electron microscope imaging revealed chromosome deformation of the cells and damage to cell content; moreover, outer membrane vesicles were secreted from the bacteria, which was the important detoxification mechanism of P. stutzeri to OBS. Expression of the genes involved in aerobic nitrification and oxidative stress were also changed under OBS stress, which further confirmed the toxicity of OBS to P. stutzeri. This study reveals the environmental exposure risk of OBS from the perspective of microorganisms.  相似文献   

6.
同步硝化反硝化(simultaneous nitrification and denitrification,SND)是一种节能型废水处理工艺,但C/N对SBR系统SND及活性污泥微生物种群的影响机理尚不清楚。本试验以人工模拟废水为研究对象,采用4组不同碳氮比(C/N)系统(R0、R5、R10和R15)对比分析了C/N对SBR系统SND及活性污泥微生物种群的影响,并通过高通量测序测定了SBR活性污泥系统微生物多样性。结果表明,C/N与SND效能的实现及提高显著正相关,随着C/N的升高,SBR系统SND率(19.2%→25.7%→35.0%→74.0%)和SND反应速率[(16.1→21.4→30.2→57.2) mg·(gSS·d)−1]显著升高,且R10和R15系统分别在第215和120周期后,SND对总氮去除贡献率达到63.7%和89%。高通量测序结果表明,门水平微生物具有较高的多样性,达到19门,主要包括变形菌门(55.10%),拟杆菌门(17.40%),蓝细菌门(7.90%),疣微菌门(5.00%)和硝化螺旋菌门(2.80%),其中变形门是优势菌种,并且属水平上也具有较高的多样性,数量达到112种以上,其中动胶菌属为优势菌属,且R0系统内硝化螺旋菌属的相对丰度是R5、R10和R15的106倍。此外,SBR活性污泥系统中包含反硝化菌的门和属主要由变形门、拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门中的22个菌属所组成。  相似文献   

7.
Excess nitrate in Mississippi River water entering offshore areas is reported to contribute to low oxygen (hypoxia) conditions in the Gulf of Mexico. Excessive algal growth driven by the excess nitrogen results in a decrease in dissolved oxygen in bottom water. Reintroduction of Mississippi River waters into a Louisiana coastal wetland has the potential to reduce the amount of nitrate reaching offshore waters. In this study, reduction in the concentration of added NO3- was determined in sediment-water-columns collected from a wetland site in Breton Sound estuary receiving nutrient inputs from the Mississippi River. The capacity of a wetland to process nitrate in floodwater was determined in the laboratory. The rates of NO3- removal (determined from change in nitrate concentration in the floodwater) averaged 97 mg N m-2 d-1 over 16 d for a 1750-mg NO3-N m-2 addition, and 170 mg N m-2 d-1 over 16 d for a 3500-mg NO3-N m-2 addition. The total N2O-N emissions from the 1750- and 3500-mg NO3-N m-2 additions were 19 and 54 mg N m-2 accounting for 1.1% and 1.5% of the applied NO3-N, respectively. Using the acetylene-inhibition technique, the average denitrification rate was determined to be 57 and 87 mg N m-2 d-1 (21 and 32 g N m-2 yr-1) during the most active denitrification period of 5 d after incubation for 1750 and 3500 mg NO3--N m-2 of added nitrate in floodwater, respectively. The total N evolved over 11 d as N2O + N2 was equivalent to 436 and 921 mg N m-2 (24.9% and 26.3%, respectively, of added N). Increasing the amount of NO3- applied to the overlying water increased the rate of NO3- loss and N2O emission significantly. The thickness of the oxidized surface sediment layer was also influenced by the NO3- application to the floodwater with a significant linear correlation between nitrate addition and thickness of the oxidized layer (r = 0.9998, p = 0.01). This study indicates that wetlands receiving diverted Mississippi River water have the potential to process and remove NO3- in the river water, reducing the amount of NO3- reaching to offshore areas.  相似文献   

8.
水分和氮素供应对菠菜硝酸盐累积和钾素吸收的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
研究了水分和氮素供应对露地秋菠菜的硝酸盐累积和钾、氮吸收的影响。结果表明:与传统的水氮管理措施相比,采用水分平衡法和氮素专家系统进行的水氮供应并没有造成作物减产,但对钾、氮元素的吸收却有明显的影响,同氮素吸收相比,作物对钾素的吸收数量更高;并且作物对钾、氮的吸收比例随氮素供应水平的增加而降低,试验还动态监测了菠菜最新展开叶的叶柄汁液中的硝酸盐和K^ 浓度在一天内的变化情况。结果表明,不同水氮处理的菠菜叶柄汁液的硝酸盐浓度在白天均没有发生显著变化;叶柄汁液中的K^ 浓度和NO3^-/K^ 的浓度比在白天受氮素供应水平的影响很大,供氮量高,K^ 浓度和NO3^-/K^ 浓度比的变化也大,但受灌水量影响不大。图3表2参17。  相似文献   

9.
    
Based on the anoxic/oxic (A/O) step feed process, a modified University of Cape Town (UCT) step feed process was developed by adding an anaerobic zone and adjusting sludge return pipeline. Performance evaluation of these two types of processes was investigated by optimizing operational parameters, such as the anaerobic/anoxic/oxic volumes, internal recycle ratios, and sludge retention times, for removal of chemical oxygen demanding (COD), nitrogen, and phosphorus. Results showed high removal efficiencies of COD of (85.0±1.7)%, ammonium of (99.7±0.2)%, total nitrogen (TN) of (85.5±1.7)%, phosphorus of (95.1±3.3)%, as well as excellent sludge settleability with average sludge volume index of (83.7±9.5) L·mg-1 in the modified UCT process. Moreover, (61.5±6.0)% of influent COD was efficiently involved in denitrification or phosphorus release process. As much as 35.3% of TN was eliminated through simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process in aerobic zones. In addition, the presence of denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DNPAOs), accounting for approximately 39.2% of PAOs, was also greatly beneficial to the nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Consequently, the modified UCT step feed process was more attractive for the wastewater treatment plant, because it had extremely competitive advantages such as higher nutrient removal efficiencies, lower energy and dosages consumption, excellent settling sludge and operational assurance.  相似文献   

10.
王万洁  侯兴旺  刘稷燕  江桂斌 《环境化学》2021,40(12):3640-3650
本文回顾了同位素技术的发展历史、简介了传统稳定同位素技术的应用原理与主要分析仪器。重点介绍了传统稳定同位素技术在污染物溯源、识别转化历程和指示反应程度,以及重建古环境信息,构建生态系统营养结构和探索生态物质循环等环境科学领域的应用与最新研究进展,提出了当前传统稳定同位素技术面临的挑战并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

11.
张洪  刘希  郭意  李永峰  乔丽娜 《环境化学》2014,33(11):1963-1970
为解决A2/O工艺处理低浓度城市生活污水的碳源问题,采用了甲醇、葡萄糖、乙酸分别作为A2/O系统的碳源,结果表明,甲醇作为系统外加碳源最经济、最合适,其中TN、TP去除率分别达到75.81%和76.21%,NOx--N被去除时间为30 min.研究最大化利用碳源,得到外加碳源甲醇在厌氧/缺氧/好氧区段的投加比例为1:2:0、投加量为400 mg·L-1,硝酸盐回流比为250%时,系统运行效果最佳,TN、NH3-N和TP去除率分别为90.56%、96.67%和92.56%,出水浓度分别为12.3 mg·L-1、4.1 mg·L-1和 0.45 mg·L-1,达到GB18918-2002一级A类标准.通过一段时间的运行,在缺氧段发生了反硝化吸磷的现象,有利于碳源的节省和系统的高效运行.  相似文献   

12.
城市污泥中铜锌的化学形态及其去除   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用连续提取法研究了城市污泥中铜和锌的化学形态,结果表明:污泥中铜和锌都以稳定性较好的硫化物及有机结合物、残渣态形式存在,生物毒性较小,通过适当处理后可以安全加以利用;在此基础上,研究了利用乙酸和双氧水去除污泥中铜和锌的适宜工艺条件,结果表明:在室温条件下,在pH值为4的环境中,利用添加H_2O_2的浓度为2mol/L的乙酸溶液,反应时间为4h,就可以将污泥中超过95%以上的铜和锌淋滤去除。  相似文献   

13.
    
The role of zooplankton in a tropical seagrass ecosystem was investigated in milkfish farms pollution-impacted and -unimpacted seagrass beds in Santiago Island coral reefs, Northwestern Philippines. The aim was to compare between the two sites: (1) abiotic factors and zooplankton community parameters, and (2) the trophic structure using C and N stable isotopes. Low water (98–119?mV) and sediment (–121 to ?138?mV) Oxidation Reduction Potential values indicated a reducing environment in the impacted site. Zooplankton in the impacted site showed the typical community response to eutrophication (low diversity, but high total abundance due to the dominance of the cyclopoid copepod Oithona oculata), generally few elevated δ15N values, but a significant shift towards depleted 13C due to the organic enrichment of fish-farm feeds. Apart from suggesting a highly complex food web with POM and zooplankton as main food sources in the unimpacted site, the Bayesian mixing model simulation generated reduced complexity in feeding interactions between basal sources, zooplankton, and fish including adults of a key fish species, Siganus fuscescens, in the impacted sites. In this study, C and N stable isotope analysis has clarified the importance of zooplankton as fish prey in a seagrass bed food web.  相似文献   

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