Effect of lime application on microbial community in acidic tea orchard soils in comparison with those in wasteland and forest soils

Lime application is a conventional technology to control acidification in tea orchard soils. We investigated the e ect of lime application on soil microbial community diversity in the soils of three tea orchards, wasteland and forest. The BIOLOG data showed that both the average well color development of all carbon sources and the functional diversity index increased with the liming rate in the tea orchards and the forest, but decreased in the wasteland. The phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis showed that the structural diversity index of soil microbial community increased with the liming rate in all the tea orchards, the wasteland and the forest. Lime application also increased the soil-bacterial PLFA content in all the soils. Soil fungal and actinomycete PLFAs in the tea orchards showed an increasing trend from 0 to 3.2 g CaCO3/kg application and then a decreasing trend from 3.2 to 6.4 g CaCO3/kg application. The principal component analysis of BIOLOG and PLFA data suggested that lime application had a significant e ect on soil microbial community structure, and land use had a greater e ect on soil microbial community structure compared to lime application.     

Effects of chlorothalonil and carbendazim on nitrification and denitrification in soils

The effects of chlorothalonil and carbendazim on nitrification and denitrification in six soils in upland and rice paddy environments were investigated. Laboratory aerobic (60% water holding capacity) and anaerobic (flooded) conditions were studied at 25°C and fungicide addition rates of 5.5 mg/kg A. I. (field rate, FR), 20 times (20FR) and 40 times (40FR) field rate, respectively. The results indicated that chlorothalonil at the field rate had a slight inhibitory effect on one soil only, and that soil did ...     

种植花椒对喀斯特石漠化地区土壤有机碳矿化及活性有机碳的影响

以贵州西南部典型石漠化治理示范区内5年、17年、30年生花椒林和乔木林(约60年)土壤为对象,采用室内模拟培养方法研究了0~15、15~30、30~50 cm这3个剖面土壤有机碳的矿化特征及活性有机碳的含量变化.结果表明,30年生花椒林土壤有机碳累计矿化量在各层土壤中均高于对应的乔木林土壤,而5年、17年生花椒林地各层土壤则均低于对应的乔木林土壤,3种花椒林土壤有机碳累计矿化量分配比在各层均高于对应的乔木林土壤.长期种植花椒增加了土壤有机碳的矿化量,降低了土壤有机碳的稳定性.乔木林土壤易氧化有机碳和颗粒有机碳在各层均显著高于对应的3种花椒林土壤(P0.05).随花椒种植年限增加,土壤易氧化有机碳和颗粒有机碳含量在0~15 cm和15~30 cm土层先增加后减少,在30~50cm土层则为先减少后增加.短期花椒种植有利于土壤活性有机碳的增加,长期则降低了0~15 cm和15~30 cm层土壤活性有机碳含量,花椒种植有利于深层(30~50 cm)土壤活性有机碳的积累.     

Degradation of 14C-glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in three agricultural soils

Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) is the most used herbicide worldwide. The degradation of 14C-labeled glyphosate was studied under controlled laboratory conditions in three di erent agricultural soils: a silt clay loam, a clay loam and a sandy loam soil. The kinetic and intensity of glyphosate degradation varied considerably over time within the same soil and among di erent types of soil. Our results demonstrated that the mineralization rate of glyphosate was high at the beginning of incubation and then decreased with time until the end of the experiment. The same kinetic was observed for the water extractable residues. The degradation of glyphosate was rapid in the soil with low adsorption capacity (clay loam soil) with a short half-life of 4 days. However, the persistence of glyphosate in high adsorption capacity soils increased, with half-live of 19 days for silt clay loam soil and 14.5 days for sandy loam soil. HPLC analyses showed that the main metabolite of glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) was detected after three days of incubation in the extracts of all three soils. Our results suggested that the possibility of contamination of groundwater by glyphosate was high on a long-term period in soils with high adsorption capacity and low degrading activities and/or acid similar to sandy loam soil. This risk might be faster but less sustainable in soil with low adsorption capacity and high degrading activity like the clay loam soil. However, the release of non-extractable residues may increase the risk of contamination of groundwater regardless of the type of soil.     

丹江口水库典型消落区土壤氮磷赋存形态及释放特征研究

丹江口水库是南水北调中线工程水源地,调水工程使得水库蓄水并带来水库水位上升,新增淹没区不同土地利用类型土壤由于淹没浸泡可能使其中氮磷等营养物释放,对水库水质构成威胁.本文通过采集丹江口水库典型消落区5种土地利用类型(滩地、草地、荒地、耕地、果园)的表层土壤,选用磷形态标准测试方法(SMT)和氮形态分级浸取方法对消落区土壤氮磷赋存形态进行分析,同时进行土壤氮磷释放模拟实验来考察消落区土壤"淹没-落干"过程的氮磷释放特征.结果表明,东库湾消落区土壤磷素主要以钙结合态磷(Ca-P)存在,其占TP比例范围为54.7%~82.0%,平均值为69.1%.滩地、草地、荒地土壤生物可利用性磷(BAP)占TP比例也基本超过30%.土壤有机硫化物结合态氮(OSFN)含量在139.1~195.0 mg·kg-1之间,占TN比例范围为18.8%~27.0%,是土壤可转化态氮(TF-N)中主要的赋存形态.土壤释放模拟实验显示,耕地、果园这两类新增淹没区土壤在受淹后其更易向水体释放磷素,而消落区土壤氮素整体上呈现向水体缓慢释放的规律."淹没-落干"前后滩地、荒地的BAP含量下降超过20%,果园BAP含量也降低了16%,草地和耕地的BAP含量则维持相对稳定."淹水-落干"实验后耕地、果园土壤IEF-N含量分别下降22.6%、34.2%,这两类新增淹没区土壤在调水淹没后可能会向上覆水水体释放氮素.     

Organic carbon accumulation capability of two typical tidal wetland soils in Chongming Dongtan, China

We measured organic carbon input and content of soil in two wetland areas of Chongming Dongtan (Yangtze River Estuary) to evaluate variability in organic carbon accumulation capability in di erent wetland soils. Observed di erences were investigated based on the microbial activity and environmental factors of the soil at the two sites. Results showed that the organic carbon content of wetland soil vegetated with Phragmites australis (site A) was markedly lower than that with P. australis and Spartina alterniflora (site B). Sites di erences were due to higher microbial activity at site A, which led to higher soil respiration intensity and greater carbon outputs. This indicated that the capability of organic carbon accumulation of the site B soils was greater than at site A. In addition, petroleum pollution and soil salinity were di erent in the two wetland soils. After bio-remediation, the soil petroleum pollution at site B was reduced to a similar level of site A. However, the culturable microbial biomass and enzyme activity in the remediated soils were also lower than at site A. These results indicated that greater petroleum pollution at site B did not markedly inhibit soil microbial activity. Therefore, di erences in vegetation type and soil salinity were the primary factors responsible for the variation in microbial activity, organic carbon output and organic carbon accumulation capability between site A and site B.     

土地利用变化对土壤硝化及氨氧化细菌区系的影响

以西藏高原相邻的原始森林、天然草原和农田土壤为研究对象,分别采用室内培养法和nested PCR-DGGE技术,对比研究了这3个生态系统的土壤硝化势、硝态氮浓度以及土壤氨氧化细菌（AOB）菌群区系.结果表明,农田土壤的硝化势和硝态氮（NO 3--N）浓度显著高于相邻的草原和森林土壤,硝化势分别是森林和草原土壤的9倍和11倍,NO 3--N是农田土壤无机氮（Nmin）的主要成分,占无机氮的70%～90%.铵态氮（NH 4＋-N）则是森林和草原土壤中主要的无机氮形态.原始森林和天然草原间的硝化势和硝态氮浓度没有显著差异.原始森林的土壤AOB菌群数量、多样性及均匀度最低.天然草原生态系统转换为农田后,土壤AOB菌群的多样性和均匀度显著降低,但是农田土壤的AOB菌群结构仍与其前身草原生态系统有较高的相似性.原始森林的AOB菌群数量、多样性及均匀度最低直接导致了其硝化势最低;农田土壤的硝化势和硝态氮浓度最高意味着农田生态系统中优势AOB的活性最高.以上结果表明,土地利用变化导致土壤氮素内循环及其关键微生物AOB的多样性与活性均发生显著变化,这些变化会影响土壤环境质量以及生态系统的持续与稳定.     

Effects of urea and (NH4)2SO4 on nitrification and acidification of Ultisols from Southern China

The mechanisms for the effects of ammonium-based fertilizers on soil acidification in subtropical regions are not well understood. Two Ultisols collected from cropland and a tea garden in Anhui and Jiangxi Provinces in subtropical southern China, respectively, were used to study the effects of urea and (NH₄)₂SO₄ on the nitrification and acidification of soils with incubation experiments. Nitrification occurred at very low pH with no N fertilizer added and led to lowering of the soil pH by 0.53 and 0.30 units for the soils from Jiangxi and Anhui, respectively. Addition of urea accelerated nitrification and soil acidification in both Ultisols; while nitrification was inhibited by the addition of (NH₄)₂SO₄, and greater input of (NH₄)₂SO₄ led to greater inhibition of nitrification. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) played an important role in nitrification in cropland soil under acidic conditions. Addition of urea increased the soil pH at the early stages of incubation due to hydrolysis and stimulated the increase in the AOB population, and thus accelerated nitrification and soil acidification. At the end of incubation, the pH of Ultisol from Jiangxi had decreased by 1.25, 1.54 and 1.84 units compared to maximum values for the treatments with 150, 300 and 400 mg/kg of urea-N added, respectively; the corresponding figures were 0.95, 1.25 and 1.69 for the Ultisol from Anhui. However, addition of (NH₄)₂SO₄ inhibited the increase in the AOB population and thus inhibited nitrification and soil acidification. Soil pH for the treatments with 300 and 400 mg/kg of (NH₄)₂SO₄-N remained almost constant during the incubation. AOB played an important role in nitrification of the cropland soil under acidic conditions. Addition of urea stimulated the increase in the AOB population and thus accelerated nitrification and soil acidification; while addition of (NH₄)₂SO₄ inhibited the increase in the AOB population and thus inhibited nitrification.     

Effect of orchard age on soil nitrogen transformation in subtropical China and implications

A better understanding of nitrogen transformation in soils could reveal the capacity for biological inorganic N supply and improve the efficiency of N fertilizers. In this study, a ¹⁵N tracing study was carried out to investigate the effects of converting woodland to orchard, and orchard age on the gross rates of N transformation occurring simultaneously in subtropical soils in Eastern China. The results showed that inorganic N supply rate was remained constant with soil organic C and N contents increased after converting woodland into citrus orchard and with increasing orchard age. This phenomenon was most probably due to the increase in the turnover time of recalcitrant organic-N, which increased with decreasing soil pH along with increasing orchard age significantly. The amoA gene copy numbers of both archaeal and bacterial were stimulated by orchard planting and increased with increasing orchard age. The nitrification capacity (defined as the ratio of gross rate of nitrification to total gross rate of mineralization) increased following the Michaelis–Menten equation, sharply in the first 10 years after woodland conversion to orchard, and increased continuously but much more slowly till 30 years. Due to the increase in nitrification capacity and unchanged NO₃⁻ consumption, the dominance of ammonium in inorganic N in woodland soil was shifted to nitrate dominance in orchard soils. These results indicated that the risk of NO₃⁻ loss was expected to increase and the amount of N needed from fertilizers for fruit growth did not change although soil organic N accumulated with orchard age.     

兰州北山不同植被土壤可培养微生物丰度变化特征及影响因素

以黄土高原中部的兰州北山为对象,通过野外取样和室内分析,动态监测黄土高原半干旱区两种人工林地生态系统的微生物类群分布规律.结果表明：试验区环境因子差异较大,林地土壤含水量、有机碳、全氮均高于荒地.全磷随植被类型变化差异不显著,随季节变化差异显著.土壤温度夏季 > 秋季 > 春季 > 冬季,土壤容重与有机碳、全氮含量呈显著负相关.不同植被类型土壤微生物丰度四季变化趋势为：细菌 > 放线菌 > 真菌的分布规律.微生物类群总数整体表现为林地高于荒地.回归分析显示：土壤pH值与细菌数量、放线菌数量及微生物总数均呈显著正相关（P < 0.05）,而与真菌呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）;土壤容重与真菌数量呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）;土壤温度与细菌、真菌及微生物总数均表现出显著正相关（P < 0.05）.通径分析表明,pH值对细菌数量的直接通径系数最大,容重对真菌数量的直接通径系数最大,土壤含水量对放线菌数量直接通径系数最大.研究显示,兰州北山植被恢复区土壤的有机碳、全氮、全磷等林地高于荒地,表明植被恢复对微生物的数量与种类有影响,且混交林的造林方式适宜兰州北植被恢复.     

利用方式对红壤硝化作用的水分效应的影响

风干过程是土壤水分丢失的过程,研究亚热带酸性土壤硝化作用对水分水平的响应,有助于分析干土效应对硝化作用影响.本试验以分别发育于第四纪红土(Quaternary red earth,Q)和红砂岩(Tertiary red sandstone,S)、利用方式为水稻(rice,R)与旱地(upland,U)的4个农田土壤的风干土为供试材料,分别加入铵态氮0和150mg·kg-1,在5个即时水分含量下室内培养35d.结果表明,土壤水分水平显著影响供试土壤的硝化作用(p0.01),但影响程度因利用方式而异.对供试条件下无外源铵输入的处理而言,旱地土壤QU和SU硝化率的极差分别为11%和8%,显著低于水稻土的硝化率极差(QR与SR分别为35%和20%).外源铵的加入增加了土壤硝化率的极差,土壤QR、QU、SR和SU硝化率的极差分别达到56%、26%、31%、26%,且随水分水平的增高,加铵有促进土壤酸化的趋势.总之,利用方式显著影响了土壤硝化作用对水分效应的响应,进而体现为干土效应的差异.     

渭北旱塬土地利用方式对土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳的影响

揭示果园、农耕地两种土地利用方式对土壤团聚体分布、稳定性及有机碳含量的影响,为渭北旱塬乃至黄土高原区土壤碳库的优化管理提供科学依据.通过同步采样及湿筛法将果园和农耕地这2种土地利用方式进行土壤粒径分组,得到大团聚体( 2 mm)、中间团聚体(0. 25～2 mm)、微团聚体(0. 053～0. 25 mm)及粉黏粒(0. 053 mm)组分质量分数,测定各组分团聚体有机碳含量,并计算出0～40 cm土层各组分有机碳储量.结果表明,在0～20 cm土层,农业土地利用方式对土壤团聚体含量分布、稳定性具有显著影响.果园不同粒级团聚体( 2、0. 25～2、0. 053～0. 25和0. 053 mm)含量均值分别为12. 9%、51. 3%、28. 8%和7. 0%,农耕地土壤各粒级团聚体含量分别为8. 3%、49. 7%、33. 6%和8. 4%, 0. 25 mm团聚体含量显著高于农耕地.在0～40 cm土层,农耕地土壤平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)均显著低于果园(P 0. 05).不同土地利用方式对土壤各团聚体内有机碳含量影响主要在0～10 cm土层,与农耕地相比,果园大团聚体、中间团聚体、微团聚体和粉黏粒内有机碳含量分别提高了56. 0%(P 0. 05)、57. 1%(P 0. 05)、40. 8%(P 0. 05)、13. 0%(P0. 05).各粒径团聚体内有机碳(粉黏粒除外)储量均为果园高于农耕地.果园增加了 0. 25 mm大团聚体及其有机碳含量,缓解了农耕地对土壤团聚体的破坏,并提高了有机碳的稳定性.因此,与农耕地相比,果园土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳含量较高,提高了团聚体对土壤有机碳的物理保护作用,有利于土壤有机碳积累,促进了土壤固碳.     

长期施肥酸性旱地土壤硝化活性及自养硝化微生物特征

构建微域培养结合梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)、Illumina MiSeq高通量测序、生物信息学分析等分子生态学技术,以不施肥土壤为对照(CK),研究长期施化肥(NPK)和有机肥(OM)对酸性旱地土壤硝化活性及自养硝化微生物群落的影响,并认知其与土壤理化因子间的关系.结果表明,施化肥和有机肥显著提高土壤有机碳和无机氮含量,施有机肥提高土壤pH和总氮含量、降低C/N;供试土壤自养硝化作用占据主导(73.60%~85.32%),施肥显著提升土壤自养硝化活性,且施有机肥提升效果更为明显;微域培养后,OM土壤氨氧化古菌(AOA)和细菌(AOB)amoA基因绝对丰度及16S rRNA基因相对丰度显著上升,而CK和NPK土壤仅AOA相对丰度显著上升,即3种土壤AOA均有明显活性(主要类群为Nitrososphaera,99.30%),而AOB仅在OM土壤有活性(主要类群为Nitrosospira,99.99%),另外还发现OM土壤中亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(NOB)有较强活性(主要类群为Nitrospira,96.69%);逐步回归分析显示自养硝化活性显著受总氮含量影响,AOA和AOB amoA基因丰度分别受有机碳含量和pH影响,Nitrososphaera相对丰度与NO_3~--N含量显著正相关,而Nitrosospira和Nitrospira相对丰度则与C/N显著负相关.可见,长期施肥后土壤总氮含量的提升显著刺激自养硝化活性;以Nitrososphaera为主的AOA在酸性旱地土壤硝化作用中发挥了重要作用,施有机肥土壤pH上升及C/N下降刺激了Nitrosospira(AOB)生长,从而改变了酸性旱地土壤中活跃的自养硝化微生物类群.     

Chemical composition and Zn bioavailability of the soil solution extracted from Zn amended variable charge soils

A study on variable charge soils (volcanic Italian and podzolic Scottish soils) was performed to investigate the influence of soil properties on the chemical composition of soil solution. Zinc speciation, bioavailability and toxicity in the soil solution were examined. The soils were spiked with increasing amounts of Zn (0, 100, 200, 400 and 1000 mg/kg) and the soil solutions were extracted using rhizon soil moisture samplers. The pH, total organic carbon (TOC), base cations, anions, total Zn and free Zn2+ in soil solution were analysed. A rapid bioassay with the luminescent bacterium Escherichia coli HB101 pUCD607 was performed to assess Zn toxicity. The influence of soil type and Zn treatments on the chemical composition of soil solution and on Zn toxicity was considered and discussed. Di erent trends of total and free Zn concentrations, base cations desorption and luminescence of E. coli HB101 pUCD607 were observed. The soil solution extracted from the volcanic soils had very low total and free Zn concentrations and showed specific Zn2+/Ca2+ exchange. The soil solution from the podzolic soil had much higher total and free Zn concentrations and showed no evidence of specific Zn2+/Ca2+ exchange. In comparison with the subalkaline volcanic soils, the acidic podzol showed enhanced levels of toxic free Zn2+ and consequently stronger effects on E. coli viability.     

水稻土中外源Cd老化的动力学特征与老化因子

选择5种不同性质的水稻土,通过外源添加制备了6个不同浓度梯度的Cd污染土壤,研究了外源Cd在几种水稻土中的老化动力学特征与影响因子;同时利用盆栽实验,结合Log-logistic分布模型,研究了5个不同老化时间(14、30、60、90和180d)与土壤中Cd对二种不同Cd敏感性水稻生长毒性的影响.结果表明,不同浓度外源Cd进入土壤后,0.05mol/L EDTA-2Na浸提的有效态Cd含量随着老化时间的增加而逐渐下降;与14d处理相比,老化30d后土壤中有效态Cd降幅达21.5%(红壤)~38.0%(黑土);老化90d后,土壤中Cd进入慢反应阶段. 基于二级动力学方程的拟合参数显示,土壤中Cd的老化特征表现为有效态Cd含量在30~60d内快速降低,随后变化减缓,经过90d的老化后,土壤中有效态Cd含量逐渐趋于平衡.基于老化动力学方程参数(C∞及K2)与土壤性质间的相关性分析表明,土壤pH值是影响Cd有效态含量变化的主控因子,其次是土壤CEC和OC含量.在不同性质土壤中,随着老化时间的增加,土壤中外源Cd对水稻生长毒性的半抑制浓度(EC50)值显著升高;与14d老化处理相比,经过180d老化后土壤中Cd对水稻生长毒性的EC50增加72.1%~195.0%;在大于90d的长期老化过程中,土壤pH值对Cd老化过程的影响逐渐降低,而CEC的影响逐渐上升,尽管如此,土壤中Cd老化过程的主要影响因子仍然是土壤pH,而与测试的2种水稻品种无关.     

红壤丘陵区森林植被恢复的增湿效应初探

红壤丘陵区森林植被恢复后，对水分和热量均有明显的调节作用，尽管林内穿透雨只占林外降水量的90％左右，但相对湿度始终高于林外，森林可以增湿、调湿，提高水分利用效率。同时，林内气温、地温始终低于林外，随着林龄的增长，这种作用愈加明显。     

Effects of long-term amendment of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrous oxide emission in a sandy loam soil

To understand the effects of long-term amendment of organic manure and N fertilizer on N2O emission in the North China Plain, a laboratory incubation at different temperatures and soil moistures were carried out using soils treated with organic manure （OM）, half organic manure plus half fertilizer N （HOM）, fertilizer NPK （NPK）, fertilizer NP （NP）, fertilizer NK （NK）, fertilizer PK （NK） and control （CK） since 1989. Cumulative N2O emission in OM soil during the 17 d incubation period was slightly higher than in NPK soil under optimum nitrification conditions （25℃ and 60% water-filled pore space, WFPS）, but more than twice under the optimum denitrification conditions （35℃ and 90% WFPS）. N2O produced by denitrification was 2.1-2.3 times greater than that by nitrification in OM and HOM soils, but only 1.5 times greater in NPK and NP soils. These results implied that the long-term amendment of organic manure could significantly increase the N2O emission via denitrification in OM soil as compared to NPK soil. This is quite different from field measurement between OM soil and NPK soil. Substantial inhibition of the formation of anaerobic environment for denitrification in field might result in no marked difference in N2O emission between OM and NPK soils. This is due in part to more rapid oxygen diffusion in coarse textured soils than consumption by aerobic microbes until WFPS was 75% and to low easily decomposed organic C of organic manure. This finding suggested that addition of organic manure in the tested sandy loam might be a good management option since it seldom caused a burst of N2O emission but sequestered atmospheric C and maintained efficiently applied N in soil.     

模拟酸雨对土壤微生物活性的影响

本文通过对广西南宁、柳州山地森林土壤(0~5cm)进行模拟酸雨(pH5.6~3.1)土柱淋溶试验,连续淋溶1280mm模拟酸雨,研究了酸雨对土壤微生物活性的影响。酸雨对土壤呼吸作用抑制的程度与土壤特性及雨水酸度有关。pH3.1的模拟酸雨使硝化作用受到显著抑制。pH3.7、pH3.1的模拟酸雨连续淋溶有机氨的矿化作用激活或抑制取决于土壤本身特性。对土壤酶活性产生激活、抑制或无影响,与土壤及酶特性有关。      

Lead toxicity thresholds in 17 Chinese soils based on substrate-induced nitrification assay

The influence of soil properties on toxicity threshold values for Pb toward soil microbial processes is poorly recognized. The impact of leaching on the Pb threshold has not been assessed systematically. Lead toxicity was screened in 17 Chinese soils using a substrate-induced nitrification (SIN) assay under both leached and unleached conditions. The effective concentration of added Pb causing 50% inhibition (EC50) ranged from 185 to > 2515 mg/kg soil for leached soil and 130 to > 2490 mg/kg soil for unleached soil. These results represented > 13- and > 19-fold variations among leached and unleached soils, respectively. Leaching significantly reduced Pb toxicity for 70% of both alkaline and acidic soils tested, with an average leaching factor of 3.0. Soil pH and CEC were the two most useful predictors of Pb toxicity in soils, explaining over 90% of variance in the unleached EC50 value. The relationships established in the present study predicted Pb toxicity within a factor of two of measured values. These relationships between Pb toxicity and soil properties could be used to establish site-specific guidance on Pb toxicity thresholds.     

果园土壤有机氯农药残留的时间趋势研究

以天然荒地和蔬菜基地作为对照 ,于 1993年和 2 0 0 3年对北京市某果园中具有不同树龄的老果园和新果园的土壤有机氯农药 (HCH ,DDT)残留情况进行了定位监测 .结果表明 ,在禁用 2 0年后 ,土壤中的有机氯农药残留水平大幅度降低 ,其中老果园的有机氯农药残留浓度显著高于新果园 (P <0 0 5 ) .果园土壤有机氯残留浓度显著高于荒地和蔬菜基地对照 (P <0 0 5 ) .DDT是当地主要的有机氯污染物 ,利用绿色食品生产基地环境质量标准作为评价标准对该果园土壤的污染程度进行了评估 .评估结果表明 ,新果园的土壤质量能够满足绿色食品生产的要求 ,老果园由于土壤中DDT和HCH残留超标严重不适合作为绿色食品生产基地