一种新兴的高级氧化技术--超临界水氧化法

超临界水氧化法在处理废水方面具有独特的优势.从超临界水的性质,超临界水氧化法原理、工艺、应用和优越性等方面阐述了超临界水氧化法作为一种新兴的高级氧化技术具有广阔的应用前景,并且提出了解决现存问题的建议.     

一种新兴的高级氧化技术——超临界水氧化法

超临界水氧化法在处理废水方面具有独特的优势。从超临界水的性质，超临界水氧化法原理、工艺、应用和优越性等方面阐述了超临界水氧化法作为一种新兴的高级氧化技术具有广阔的应用前景，并且提出了解决现存问题的建议。     

一体式厌氧氨氧化工艺系统的研究与应用进展

厌氧氨氧化技术凭借无需投加碳源、节省能耗、污泥产量低等优势成为污水脱氮领域中具有创新性与高效性的研究之一.学者们对相关组合工艺的反应机理、微生物群落、应用形式等开展大量研究.相对于分体式厌氧氨氧化工艺,一体式工艺布局更紧凑,大大降低了设施建设和运营的成本.从工程应用角度梳理了一体式厌氧氨氧化工艺的优势,结合国内外一体式...     

硫化氢吸收净化技术研究进展

综合评述了硫化氢气体的吸收净化方法及特点。净化方法分为干法和湿法两大类。大部分干法脱硫剂均不能再生 ,硫容量相对较低 ,主要适于气体精细脱硫。吸收净化工艺能适应较高负荷的脱硫要求 ,应用面广 ,其中尤以吸收氧化法较突出。指出吸收氧化法中的铁基工艺尽管在工艺控制方面还有一定难度 ,但仍可作为一种有较大发展前途的方法。     

高级氧化技术降解水中有机磷农药的研究进展

综述了近年来发展迅速的高级氧化技术,主要包括臭氧高级氧化技术、光催化氧化法、超声降解法、电化学水处理技术和超临界水氧化法等.结合有机磷农药废水处理方法的进展,介绍了各种高级氧化技术在机理研究和应用方面取得的成果和存在的问题,并指出了高级氧化技术在有机废水处理方面所具有的潜力.     

吹脱-电化学催化氧化组合工艺去除地下水中氨氮

以上海某钢铁工业区固废堆场氨氮污染的地下水为研究对象,研究了单独电化学氧化法、光/电协同氧化法、吹脱-电化学催化氧化组合法对氨氮的去除效果,提出能高效除氨氮且适合工程实际应用的吹脱-电催化氧化组合工艺。结果表明,相较单独电化学氧化,光/电协同氧化体系中的强氧化活性物质(HO·、HOCl、ClO^-等)通过自由基链式反应和光解反应生成氧化性更弱的ClO·,反而削弱氨氮去除效果。而吹脱-电催化氧化组合工艺下氨氮、总氮的去除率分别为97.62%、90.23%,出水满足《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14818-2017)IV类标准。电子顺磁共振(EPR)和活性氯生成实验证实HO·和活性氯(HOCl、ClO^-、Cl₂)在氨氮转化过程中的重要作用。本实验为进一步研究和设计基于电化学法处理废水中的氨氮技术和组合工艺提供了理论依据。     

染料废水处理技术的研究与进展

概述了含染料废水处理方法的研究现状和最新进展 ,尤其是在物化法 (包括辐射法、吸附 萃取法、磁分离法、混凝沉降法和氧化法 )、生物法 (好氧 厌氧氧化 -还原序列反应器、固定化微生物降解、膜生物反应器 )及生物 -物化联合法 (生物吸附剂、生物活性炭、厌氧折流板反应池 -生物接触氧化池 -混凝沉淀 -砂滤池处理工艺、水解酸化 -接触氧化法等 )中的新技术的研究现状 ,新方法、材料、工艺的应用方面 ,对提高此类废水的处理效果有重要的理论和实际意义     

聚合硫酸铁制备方法研究及其发展

聚合硫酸铁是一种优质高效无机高分子絮凝剂,在水处理领域中有良好的应用前景.本文探讨和综述了聚合硫酸铁制备方法的研究现状和发展趋势,并比较了各种方法的优缺点.内容包括:直接氧化法、催化氧化法、一步法、两步法、微生物氧化法以及其它一些新颖的制备方法.     

添加剂促进亚硫酸钙氧化的实验研究

在湿式石灰石-石膏法脱硫工艺中,副产物--亚硫酸钙的氧化是其中重要的化学过程.利用自行设计的实验室规模的反应装置,通过改变pH、亚硫酸钙浓度、空气流量、催化剂浓度和温度等条件,实验研究了多种添加剂对亚硫酸钙氧化的促进作用.实验结果可为湿法脱硫工艺的设计提供有益的参考.     

染料废水处理技术的研究与进展

概述了含染料废水处理方法的研究现状和最新进展，尤其是在物化法(包括辐射法、吸附，萃取法、磁分离法、混凝沉降法和氧化法)、生物法(好氧，厌氧氧化—还原序列反应器、固定化微生物降解、膜生物反应器)及生物—物化联合法(生物吸附剂、生物活性炭、厌氧折流板反应池—生物接触氧化池—混凝沉淀—砂滤池处理工艺、水解酸化—接触氧化法等)中的新技术的研究现状，新方法、材料、工艺的应用方面，对提高此类废水的处理效果有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Sorption and desorption of Cu and Cd by macroalgae and microalgae

The sorption and desorption of Cu and Cd by two species of brown macroalgae and five species of microalgae were studied. The two brown macroalgae, Laminaria japonica and Sargassum kjellmanianum, were found to have high capacities at pHs between 4.0 and 5.0 while for microalgae, optimum pH lay at 6.7. The presence of other cations in solution was found to reduce the sorption of the target cation, suggesting a competition for sorption sites on organisms. Sorption isotherms obeyed the Freundlich equation, suggesting involvement of a multiplicity of mechanisms and sorption sites. For the microalgae tested, Spirulina platensis had the highest capacity for Cd, followed by Nannochloropsis oculata, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Platymonas cordifolia and Chaetoceros minutissimus. The reversibility of metal sorption by macroalgae was examined and the results show that both HCl and EDTA solutions were very effective in desorbing sorbed metal ions from macroalgae, with up to 99.5% of metals being recovered. The regenerated biomass showed undiminished sorption performance for the two metals studied, suggesting the potential of such material for use in water and wastewater treatment.     

Kinetic and structural relationships of transition monomeric and oligomeric carboxyl- and choline-esterases

The kinetic and structural relationships of eight electrophoretically pure mammalian serum and liver serine carboxylesterases (CE) and cholinesterases (ChE) have been studied. Eight CE's and ChE's, which were fully resolved but only partially purified, provided additional information. Five of the electrophoretically pure esterases were monomeric, and of these, four belonged to a new and widely distributed class. These four monomeric esterases hydrolyzed choline esters, but at widely differing rates. Thus two were termed monomeric butyrylcholinesterases, mBuChE I and II, and two were monomeric CE's (mCE). The rabbit liver mCE was not a subunit of the oligomeric CE (oCE), although the oCE also hydrolyzed choline esters at a very low rate. The complex kinetics of the mCE's, mBuChE's, oCE's, and of the oligomeric BuChE's of horse and human serum could be interpreted according to a single reaction scheme involving an allosteric site and the equation derived from it. Thus activation and inhibition at high substrate concentrations, together with sigmoidal activity versus substrate concentration plots, all of which characterize the reactions of these esterases, could be interpreted by a single scheme and equation. Structural and kinetic comparisons showed a progressive transition of properties from the oCE's through the mCE's to the oBuChE's. One of the purified mCE's was from horse serum, and it exhibited physical and kinetic properties unlike those of the liver mCE's or oCE's.     

Persistence and dissipation kinetics of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole in onion and soil

The persistence and dissipation kinetics of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole on onion were studied after application of their combination formulation at a standard and double dose of 75 + 150 and 150 + 300 g a.i. ha^?1. The fungicides were extracted with acetone, cleaned-up using activated charcoal (trifloxystrobin) and neutral alumina (tebuconazole). Analysis was carried out by gas chromatograph (GC) and confirmed by gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The recovery was above 80% and limit of quantification (LOQ) 0.05 mg kg^?1 for both fungicides. Initial residue deposits of trifloxystrobin were 0.68 and 1.01 mg kg^?1 and tebuconazole 0.673 and 1.95 mg kg^?1 from standard and double dose treatments, respectively. Dissipation of the fungicides followed first-order kinetics and the half life of degradation was 6–6.6 days. Matured onion bulb (and field soil) harvested after 30 days was free from fungicide residues. These findings suggest recommended safe pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 14 and 25 days for spring onion consumption after treatment of Nativo 75 WG at the standard and double doses, respectively. Matured onion bulbs at harvest were free from fungicide residues.     

Sorption and desorption behavior of chloroanilines and chlorophenols on montmorillonite and kaolinite

The bioavailability of pollutants, pesticides and/or their degradation products in soil depends on the strength of their sorption by the different soil components, particularly by the clay minerals. This study reports the sorption-desorption behavior of the environmentally hazardous industrial pollutants and certain pesticides degradation products, 3-chloroaniline, 3,4-dichloroaniline, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on the reference clays kaolinite KGa-1 and Na-montmorillonite SWy-l. In batch studies, 2.0 g of clay were equilibrated with 100.0 mL solutions of each chemical at concentrations ranging from 10.0 to 200.0 mg/L. The uptake of the compounds was deduced from the results of HPLC-UV-Vis analysis. The lipophilic species were best retained by both clay materials. The most lipophilic chemical used in the study, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline, was also the most strongly retained, with sorption of up to 8 mg/g. In desorption experiments, which also relied on HPLC-UV-Vis technique, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline was the least desorbed from montmorillonite. However, on kaolinite all of the compounds under study were irreversibly retained. The experimental data have been modelled according to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. A hypothesis is proposed concerning the sorption mechanism and potential applications of the findings in remediation strategies have been suggested.     

Sorption and Desorption Behavior of Chloroanilines and Chlorophenols on Montmorillonite and Kaolinite

The bioavailability of pollutants, pesticides and/or their degradation products in soil depends on the strength of their sorption by the different soil components, particularly by the clay minerals. This study reports the sorption-desorption behavior of the environmentally hazardous industrial pollutants and certain pesticides degradation products, 3-chloroaniline, 3,4-dichloroaniline, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on the reference clays kaolinite KGa-1 and Na-montmorillonite SWy-l. In batch studies, 2.0 g of clay were equilibrated with 100.0 mL solutions of each chemical at concentrations ranging from 10.0 to 200.0 mg/L. The uptake of the compounds was deduced from the results of HPLC-UV-Vis analysis. The lipophilic species were best retained by both clay materials. The most lipophilic chemical used in the study, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline, was also the most strongly retained, with sorption of up to 8 mg/g. In desorption experiments, which also relied on HPLC-UV-Vis technique, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline was the least desorbed from montmorillonite. However, on kaolinite all of the compounds under study were irreversibly retained. The experimental data have been modelled according to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. A hypothesis is proposed concerning the sorption mechanism and potential applications of the findings in remediation strategies have been suggested.     

Bacterial and archaeal diversity in oil fields and reservoirs and their potential role in hydrocarbon recovery and bioprospecting

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Hydrocarbon is a primary source of energy in the current urbanized society. Considering the increasing demand, worldwide oil productions are declining...     

畜禽养殖业污染与循环经济

解决畜禽养殖业的污染问题要以充分利用资源为根本出发点，通过对污染全过程控制及废物综合利用，达到畜禽粪便的减量化、无害化、资源化，走循环经济的发展道路。     

Sources and fate of PCDD and PCDF

PCDD and PCDF were found in urban air particulates from St. Louis and Washington, D.C., and in sediments from the Great Lakes and Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale. The similarity between the PCDD and PCDF found in air particulates and sediment samples and the presence of PCDD and PCDF in sediment from Siskiwit Lake (a location which can receive only atmospheric inputs) suggest that these compounds are emitted to the atmosphere from combustion sources. The historical input of PCDD and PCDF to dated sediment cores shows a strong increase since 1940, and this suggests that the incineration of chlorinated organic compounds is an important source of PCDD and PCDF to the environment.     

Synthesis and characterization of m- and p-methylbenzyl-mercapturic acids derived from m- and p-xylenes

Chemical synthesis and physical properties of two mercapturic acids suggested as urinary metabolites of m- and p-xylenes ace described. These compounds may be used for the identification and quantivative determination by high-performance liquid chromatography of the corresponding mercapturic acids in urine.