城市污水处理厂氧化沟工艺微生物种群分析

应用荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescent in situ hybridization,FISH)对我国北方某城市污水处理厂氧化沟工艺中的微生物进行种群分析,考察系统活性污泥中聚磷菌(phosphorus accumulating organisms,PAOs)和聚糖原菌(glycogen accumulatingorganisms,GAOs)的种群结构特点及其空间分布变化关系.结果表明,厌氧池、氧化沟缺氧区和好氧区中PAOs占全菌百分比分别为2.0%±0.6%、3.4%±0.6%和3.5%±1.2%;GAOs所占全菌百分比分别为25.3%±8.7%、30.3%±7.1%和24.4%±6.1%.该厂氧化沟工艺PAOs含量低于已报道其他脱氮除磷系统水平(7%～22%),其除磷性能较差.数据统计分析显示,氧化沟缺氧、好氧区中PAOs含量相对于厌氧池有显著上升,而GAOs含量沿程变化不大.     

Enrichment, isolation and identification of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from sulfide removing bioreactor

Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) are the main microorganisms that participate in the natural sulfur cycle. To obtain SOBwith high sulfur-oxidizing ability under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, aerobic and anaerobic enrichmentswere carried out. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles showed that the microbial community changed according to the thiosulfate utilizationduring enrichments, and Rhodopseudomonas and Halothiobacilluswere the predominant bacteria in anaerobic enrichment and aerobic enrichment, respectively,which mainly contributed to the thiosulfate oxidization in the enrichments. Based on the enriched cultures, six isolateswere isolated from the aerobic enrichment and four isolateswere obtained from the anaerobic enrichment. Phylogenetic analysis suggested the 16S rRNA gene of isolates belonged to the genus Acinetobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Pseudomonas, Halothiobacillus,0chrobactrum, Paracoccus, Thiobacillus, and Alcaligenes, respectively. The tests suggested isolates related to Halothiobacillus and Rhodopseudomonas had the highest thiosulfate oxidizing ability under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, respectively; Paracoccus and Alcaligenes could aerobically and anaerobically oxidize thiosulfate. Based on the DGGE and thiosulfate oxidizing ability analysis, Rhodopseudomonas and Halothiobacilluswere found to be the main SOB in the sulfide-removing reactor, andwere responsible for the sulfur-oxidizing in the treatment system.     

SPNED-PR系统内PAOs-GAOs的竞争关系及其氮磷去除特性

为研究同步短程硝化内源反硝化除磷（SPNED-PR）系统的脱氮除磷特性及系统内聚磷菌（PAOs）和聚糖菌（GAOs）在氮磷去除的贡献和竞争关系,本研究以实际低C/N比（4左右）生活污水为处理对象,考察了不同浓度的溶解氧（DO）（0.5~2.0mg/L）、NO₂^--N（4.7~39.9mg/L）和NO₃^--N（5.0~40.0mg/L）对延时厌氧（150min）/低氧（180min,溶解氧0.5~0.7mg/L）运行的SPNED-PR系统氮磷去除特性和底物转化特性的影响.结果表明,DO浓度均不影响PAOs和GAOs的好氧代谢活性,且两者之间几乎不存在DO竞争.不同NO₂^--N浓度条件下,GAOs较PAOs更具竞争优势,NO₂^--N主要是通过GAOs去除的（约占58%）;且GAOs所具有的高内源反硝化活性和亚硝耐受力,减弱了高NO₂^--N浓度（26.2~39.9mg/L）对PAOs反硝化吸磷的抑制,保证了系统的脱氮除磷性能.不同NO₃^--N浓度条件下,PAOs较GAOs处于竞争优势,其在NO₃^--N去除中的贡献比例达61.2%.此外,SPNED-PR系统的PUR_DO > PUR_nitrate > PUR_nitrite,PAOs对DO的优先利用保证了低氧条件下系统的高效除磷,且GAOs的内源短程反硝化特性保证了系统的高效脱氮.     

基于聚糖菌和聚磷菌竞争的代谢模型及影响因素

聚糖菌的富集已成为造成EBPR强化生物除磷系统非稳定运行的重要因素之一.本文基于活性污泥数学模型ASM.2D的生物除磷代谢模型,围绕化学计量学和动力学阐述了聚磷菌PAOs胞内糖原的代谢途径以及聚糖菌GAOs在厌氧和好氧条件下的代谢模型,揭示了2类微生物的竞争本质.同时,对比分析了影响代谢模型化学计量学参数的若干因子,如碳源类型、温度、pH条件和污泥龄SRT等;结果发现,这些因素对PAOs和GAOs的代谢模型系数具有重要的影响作用,并进而决定着2类微生物的竞争优势.此外,针对目前对两类微生物的竞争主要集中于厌氧代谢的现状,提出今后的研究重点应放在好氧/缺氧机理方面.     

采用非生长能量代谢参数表征颗粒污泥稳定性

对比分析了无厌氧搅拌的异养菌系统和有厌氧搅拌的除磷系统的颗粒污泥的粒径、密度、形态等特征,得出后者较前者稳定.通过动力学参数分析发现,颗粒污泥的稳定与微生物的代谢特征有一定的关系,即慢速生长系统具有较好的颗粒稳定特征可能与能量维持代谢的比例较大有关.通过对比分析慢速生长系统不同粒径的微生物代谢特征,发现用于表征非生长代谢相关的能量维持系数m和Smin/CODinfluent与颗粒的稳定性具有密切的联系,因而可以作为表征颗粒污泥稳定性的定量指标.本研究改变了长期以来通过观察污泥形态、粒径、密度等理化参数来定性描述颗粒稳定的技术体系,从微生物能量代谢角度建立了定量描述颗粒污泥稳定的方法和指标.     

一株嗜盐聚磷菌的筛选及除磷性能初探

从运行稳定的以生活污水为碳源的污泥中富集分离,并筛选出一株嗜盐聚磷菌qdp05,通过对菌株的形态、生理生化特征及16SrDNA序列进行分析后,鉴定该菌株qdp05为肠杆菌属.当碳源为乙酸钠,盐度为2%的条件下,好氧条件下培养48h后,qdp05对磷的最终去除率为87.8%.在厌氧好氧连续培养过程,qdp05表现出明显的...     

金黄色葡萄球菌聚磷特性研究

在厌氧/好氧交替环境下,对一般不认为是典型聚磷菌的金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphyloccocus aureus)纯菌的释磷、聚磷行为和碳源利用情况进行了研究,并考察了其对实际生活污水中磷的去除效果.结果表明,正常好氧条件下培养的金黄色葡萄球菌,改为厌氧培养5h后就有明显的释磷行为;在紧接下来转为好氧培养时会快速吸磷,6h时的吸磷量达水中总磷的65%,菌体含磷量由之前的0.98%增加到2.30%.染色观察显示,厌氧培养后菌体内聚羟基丁酸(PHB)颗粒显著增多,转为好氧培养后胞内聚磷颗粒增多.经过厌氧/好氧交替运行4个周期后菌体的含磷量就由初期的0.8%增至4.6%,但每个环境交替周期内吸磷量并未显著增加,且在厌氧/好氧交替的第1个周期,金黄色葡萄球菌即具有明显释磷、吸磷行为.该菌在厌氧阶段可利用包括蛋白胨、葡萄糖等大分子有机物在内的多种碳源释磷;其对实际生活污水磷的去除率高达98.2%.因此,金黄色葡萄球菌具有典型的聚磷菌特征,其聚磷时可利用的碳源可以是VFAs之外的蛋白质和葡萄糖,且其聚磷能力不需要诱导,是其与生具有的本性.     

聚糖原菌富集实验及其内源过程探究

细胞衰减是微生物内源过程的一个重要组成部分,可分为由细胞死亡引起的数量衰减和由细胞活性降低引起的活性衰减两部分.通过挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）吸收速率(VFAUR)测定、荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）以及LIVE/DEAD细胞染色技术,研究了富集聚糖原菌（GAOs）在序批式反应器（SBR）系统中好氧环境下的衰减特征.结果表明,当T=30℃、进料中m(COD)∶m(P)=100时,SBR系统中GAOs富集比例达94%.测定和计算表明,SBR富集系统中GAOs衰减速率和死亡速率分别为0.132 d^-1和0.034 d^-1,其数量衰减和活性衰减占其细胞总衰减比例分别为26%和74%.可见,GAOs数量衰减只占其细胞总衰减中很小一部分,而绝大部分衰减由活性衰减所引起.     

Deployment of Trichoderma harzianum WL1 laccase in pulp bleaching and paper industry effluent treatment

The ability of Trichoderma harzianum WL1 crude laccase and the fungal system for the biobleaching of wastepaper pulp and treatment of paper industry effluent was investigated. Three different modes of treatment, enzyme, enzyme-alkali and enzyme-EDED were employed for the bleaching of wastepaper pulp. The process parameters such as treatment period, pulp consistency, temperature and enzyme charge had a great influence on the quality of paper pulp. The paper industry effluent was subjected to eight different treatments via. aerobic, anaerobic, fungal and combination of these treatments. Fungal followed by anaerobic treatment was found to be effective in paper industry effluent treatment.     

Application of sewage sludge and intermittent aeration strategy to the bioremediation of DDT-and HCH-contaminated soil

Adding organic amendments to stimulate the biodegradation of pesticides is a subject of ongoing interest. The effect of sewage sludge on the bioremediation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane（DDT） and hexachlorocyclohexane（HCH） contaminated soil was investigated in bench scale experiments,and intermittent aeration strategy was also used in this study to form an anaerobic–aerobic cycle. Bioremediation of DDT and HCH was enhanced with the addition of sewage sludge and the intermittent aeration. The removal rates of HCH and DDT were raised by 16.8%–80.8% in 10 days. Sewage sludge increased the organic carbon content from 6.2 to218 g/kg,and it could also introduce efficient degradation microbes to soil,including Pseudomonas sp.,Bacillus sp. and Sphingomonas sp. The unaerated phase enhanced the anaerobic dechlorination of DDT and HCH,and anaerobic removal rates of β-HCH,o,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDT accounted for more than 50% of the total removal rates,but the content of α-HCH declined more in the aerobic phase.