天津市典型生物质固体燃料锅炉NO、CO排放研究

针对实际运行条件下,国内生物质固体燃料燃烧过程中NO、CO排放研究不足,排放现状不清晰等问题,在天津地区选择了6台具有代表性的生物质固体燃料锅炉,在测试中燃烧其常用燃料,采用烟气分析仪Testo350对锅炉展开了气态排放研究,重点研究了其中5台生物质固体成型燃料锅炉在不同燃烧负荷下,NO和CO的排放情况,以及另1台捆烧式锅炉在正常工况下的排放情况。测试结果表明:6台生物质锅炉的NO排放浓度均在180 mg/m~3以上,CO排放浓度均高于500 mg/m~3。其中,3台炉型的固体成型燃料锅炉随着燃烧负荷的增大,NO排放浓度降低CO浓度升高,燃烧负荷控制在75%~80%可相对减少气态污染物NO、CO的排放,其余2台炉型NO、CO排放浓度随燃烧负荷的增大变化趋势与前3台相反,且燃烧负荷控制在95%左右为优;捆烧式锅炉NO排放浓度最低为182.9 mg/m~3,但CO排放浓度却高达2 243.6 mg/m~3。研究结果可为用生物质固体燃料锅炉的实际运行提供参考,从而优化生物质固态燃料的燃烧和排放。     

夏季巢湖入湖河流溶解性有机质来源及其空间变化

使用紫外-可见光吸收光谱（UV-vis）和三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析法（EEM-PARAFAC）,分析了2019年夏季巢湖流域丰乐河、杭埠河、岐阳河、兆河和南淝河水体溶解性有机质（dissolved organic matter,DOM）的来源及其空间变化.结果表明,南淝河DOM吸收特征参数SUVA₂₅₄显著低于其它河流,而光谱斜率比S_R显著高于杭埠河,表明城市污染物径流排入降低了南淝河水体DOM的芳香性,但对其分子量影响较低.南淝河DOM荧光指数（FI）和生物源指数（BIX）大于其它河流,而腐殖化指数（HIX）低于其它河流,指示其DOM自生源高于其它河流.使用EEM-PARAFAC从河流DOM中提取出4种类腐殖质组分（C1~C4）和2种内源类蛋白荧光组分（C5、C6）,其中,类腐殖质组分包括陆源有机质（C1、C3和C4）和微生物降解产物（C2）.沿河流方向,5条河流河水溶解性有机碳（dissolved organic carbon,DOC）、 a（355）和DOM荧光组分呈不同的空间变化特征,其中丰乐河、杭埠河、岐阳河和兆河DOM受农田土壤径流输入影响明显,而南淝河DOM主要受城市污染物径流和污水处理厂出水影响.     

化工生化尾水中溶解性有机污染物的富集分离

采用液液萃取法和树脂吸附法对化工园区的生化尾水中溶解性有机污染物进行富集、分离,通过气相色谱-质谱分析表明化工生化尾水中普遍含有四氯乙烯、苯类和烷烃类有机毒物,而不同来源的化工生化尾水中疏水性、亲水性和中性有机质的含量相差较大,分子量分布也不相同,液相色谱-质谱分析表明树脂富集分离后,氨基酸、邻苯二甲酸酯和糖类物质成为尾水中主要有机物。     

A/O-MBR处理餐饮废水过程中DOM特性解析

借助凝胶过滤色谱(GFC)分子量测定技术和三维荧光(EEM)光谱技术,对厌氧微网与好氧平板膜-生物反应器(A/O-MBR)联合处理餐饮废水过程中各阶段的溶解性有机物(DOM)及污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)的性质进行研究。分子量研究表明:好氧段污泥滤液的GFC谱图中在10 min以前有大分子物质析出,分析是微生物代谢产物;且随着处理过程的进行水样DOM中的分子量分布范围不断变宽。EEM光谱研究表明:进水、好氧段出水、好氧段污泥滤液的DOM中的2种主要荧光物质为高激发波长类色氨酸和可见区类富里酸,而厌氧段出水中仅有高激发波长类色氨酸,且峰强较强。同时,厌氧段出水中在形成可见区类富里酸的区域内有成峰趋势,分析是由较强的类色氨酸峰的掩蔽作用造成的。好氧段污泥EPS中存在3个明显的荧光峰,指示了色氨酸和腐殖酸的存在。     

冬季不同污水处理工艺对溶解性有机物的去除

以东北地区4个城市污水处理厂为研究对象,考察冬季不同污水处理工艺对溶解性有机物(DOM)组分的去除效果,以及对DOM组分的光谱学特性和卤代活性的影响.利用XAD树脂将DOM分为5个部分:疏水性有机酸(HPO-A)、疏水性中性有机物(HPO-N)、过渡亲水性有机酸(TPI-A)、过渡亲水性中性有机物(TPI-N)和亲水性有机物(HPI).结果表明,A/O法、曝气生物滤池、浮动填料法和A2/O法对DOM都具有较高的去除能力,其中曝气生物滤池对DOM的处理效果最好.经4种污水处理工艺处理后,5种组分的芳香性和三卤甲烷生成活性(STHMFP)均升高.A2/O法对HPO-A和TPI-A的芳香性增强程度最高,而曝气生物滤池对HPO-N,TPI-N和HPI的芳香性增强程度最高.浮动填料法对HPO-A,TPI-A和HPI的STHMFP升高最显著,A2/O法对HPO-N的STHMFP增加最显著,曝气生物滤池对TPI-N的STHMFP升高最显著.4种污水处理工艺对HPI中荧光物质的去除率高于非荧光物质.而对于其他4种DOM组分来说,不同的污水处理工艺对不同荧光峰的改变不相同.     

派河及其支流溶解性有机质分子组成特征

溶解性有机质(DOM)是水生生态系统中的重要组成部分,派河作为"引江济淮"清水廊道工程江淮段的唯一输水通道,其DOM分子层面的组成信息和特性尚不明确.利用静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱技术对派河及其支流(光明大堰河)DOM分子进行表征,并且利用皮尔逊(Pearson)相关性分析和主成分分析(PCA)研究两条河流DOM的分子组成...     

Effects of DOM characteristics from real wastewater on the degradation of pharmaceutically active compounds by the UV/H2O2 process

The characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) can significantly affect the degradation of target compounds by the advanced oxidation processes. In this study, the effects of the different hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity fractions, molecular weight (MW) fractions, fluorescence components and molecular components of DOM extracted from municipal wastewater on the degradation of 4 pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), including carbamazepine, clofibric acid, atenolol and erythromycin by the UV/H₂O₂ process were investigated. The results showed that the degradation rate constants of 4 PhACs decreased dramatically in the presence of DOM. The linear regressions of 4 PhACs degradation as a function of specific fluorescence intensity (SFI) are exhibited during the degradation of 4 PhACs and the SFI may be used to evaluate effect of DOM on target compounds in wastewater. The hydrophobic acid (HPO-A) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on degradation of 4 PhACs during oxidation process. The small MW fractions of DOM significantly inhibited the degradation of 4 PhACs during oxidation process. Among three fluorescence components, hydrophobic humic-like substances may significantly inhibit the degradation of 4 PhACs during oxidation process. At the molecular level, the formulas may be derived from terrestrial sources. CHO compound may significantly inhibit the degradation of 4 PhACs during oxidation process on formula classes. The unsaturated hydrocarbons, carbohydrates and tannins compounds may significantly inhibit the effectiveness of the UV/H₂O₂ process on compound classes.     

Effects of ozonation and coagulation on effluent organic matter characteristics and ultrafiltration membrane fouling

Effluent organic matter （EfOM） is the major cause of fouling in the low pressure membranes process for wastewater reuse. Coagulation and oxidation of biological wastewater treatment effluent have been applied for the fouling control of microfiltration membranes. However, the change in EfOM structure by pre-treatments has not been clearly identified. The changes of EfOM characteristics induced by coagulation and ozonation were investigated through size exclusion chromatography, UV/Vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectrophotometry and titrimetric analysis to identify the mechanisms in the reduction of ultrafiltration （UF） membrane fouling. The results indicated that reduction of flux decline by coagulation was due to modified characteristics of dissolved organic carbon （DOC） content. Total concentration of DOC was not reduced by ozonation. However, the mass fraction of the molecules with molecular weight larger than 5 kDa, fluorescence intensity, aromaticity, highly condensed chromophores, average molecular weight and soluble microbial byproducts decreased greatly after ozonation. These results indicated that EfOM was partially oxidized by ozonation to low molecular weight, highly charged compounds with abundant electron- withdrawing functional groups, which are favourable for alleviating UF membrane flux decline.     

磁混凝工艺处理市政废水中的污染物去除特征研究

本研究对2个磁混凝站点进行了水质分析与溶解性有机物（DOM）的系统表征，考察了市政废水在磁混凝过程中的污染物去除效果与DOM去除特征，分析了强化磁混凝过程关键作用.研究发现：磁混凝可显著去除浊度、悬浮态有机物和磷，2个站点TCOD和TP去除率分别为52.53%/76.78%和64.41%/81.59%.市政废水DOM组成复杂，内源性DOM占比较高，两个站点DOM种类相似，但B站点进水有机物含量略少，且芳香类DOM占比较低.磁混凝对DOM具有显著的去除效果，主要去除高腐殖化程度、芳香性、聚合度、疏水性的大分子有机物，络氨酸类蛋白是主要的去除物质.B站点强化药剂的投加显著提升DOM和氨氮的去除效果，TOC和氨氮的去除率可达40.01%和36.08%，同时磷和TCOD的混凝效果也得到一定强化.本研究揭示了磁混凝过程污染物去除特征，促进了磁混凝过程的理解，为磁混凝在水处理中的推广应用提供了有效支撑.     

制药废水二级出水中溶解性有机物混凝去除特性研究

制药废水二级出水中溶解性有机物(DOM)由于组成复杂、难去除、具有多异质性和分散性,是污水深度处理与回用的主要去除对象和关键限制因子.本论文以发酵制药废水二级出水的DOM为研究对象,采用投加聚合氯化铝(PAC)混凝剂去除DOM,考察混凝剂投加量和混凝pH值对去除效果的影响,并结合分子量分级、亲疏水性分级以及三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析方法等对DOM进行了系统表征和分析,进一步阐述混凝过程DOM的去除特征.结果表明,PAC投加量为250 mg·L~(-1)、pH=7时,混凝沉淀30 min对DOC、UV_(254)、色度和浊度的去除率分别为13.05%±0.29%、23.65%±0.75%、12.66%±1.34%、63.67%±0.89%;混凝对分子量10 kDa的组分和疏水中性(HON)组分去除效果分别为50.33%±0.98%、21.56%±0.42%,而对分子量1 kDa组分去除率较低为2.26%±0.12%;三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析将制药废水二级出水分为2个类腐殖质组分(C1、C3)和1个类蛋白组分(C2),混凝对类腐殖酸组分(C1)最大荧光强度去除率(F_(max))最高为46.22%,而亲水性的小分子和蛋白类物质混凝去除效果较差.