共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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水源水中摇蚊幼虫的孳生与生态控制 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
摇蚊幼虫(红虫)在城市供水系统中的出现,成为困扰水厂正常生产运行的又一水处理难题。首先对其生理特性与环境因子之间的关系进行了论述,然后从生态学角度出发,利用生态群落中的食物链关系,分析了富营养化水体中摇蚊幼虫大量孳生的原因。在此基础上提出了利用合理的生物操纵技术,通过鱼类与水生生物间的“下行效应”,以达到恢复生态平衡并控制摇蚊幼虫孳生为目的的生态治理方案。 相似文献
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水体中摇蚊幼虫的孳生规律及其控制途径 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
摇蚊幼虫污染是给水处理中出现的新问题,本文对国内外现有的研究与控制方法进行了简要的综述。分析了摇蚊幼虫的污染现状、污染产生原因,并介绍了摇蚊的生活史以及空间和季节分布规律,在此基础上,阐述了摇蚊幼虫孳生的物理、化学和生物环境因素;指出了摇蚊的自身特性和现有的研究手段;目前对摇蚊幼虫污染进行综合防治所采用的方法有物理法、化学法和生物操纵法。提出了进一步研究此类问题的建议。 相似文献
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丙烯腈,乙腈和硫氰酸钠对摇蚊幼虫的急性毒性 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
摇蚊幼虫对于水环境的生物学过程或物理过程都有不可忽视的影响。近十几年国外研究人员逐渐重视研究污染物对摇蚊幼虫的毒性效应,并推荐将其作为常规试验生物的补充进行生物监测。本文采用摇蚊幼虫为试验生物研究了三种污染物(丙烯腈、乙腈和硫氰酸钠)的急性毒性。结果表明,摇蚊幼虫对污染物毒性的敏感性与常规的试验生物敏感性接近,污染物对摇蚊幼虫的毒性顺序与其他水生生物的毒性顺序相同,可以将摇蚊幼虫作为常规试验生物的 相似文献
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土壤/沉积物中重金属生物有效性和生物可利用性的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
土壤/沉积物中重金属的污染问题越来越引起重视,而重金属在环境中的生态风险与其生物可利用性和生物有效性密切相关。在总结国内外研究的基础上,明确了重金属生物有效性和生物可利用性的定义;概述了用于研究土壤/沉积物中重金属生物有效性的生物模型(小鼠、猪、兔子等);总结了用于研究土壤/沉积物中重金属生物可利用性的几种体外方法,包括模拟人类肠胃消化(PBET、SBRC、UBM等)和底栖生物消化;分析了土壤/沉积物中重金属生物有效性和生物可利用性的关键影响因素(土壤/沉积物理化性质和分析方法)。提出了未来土壤/沉积物中重金属生物有效性和生物可利用性的研究方向,以期为重金属生态风险的评价和控制提供参考。 相似文献
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利用复合生态滤床、底泥生物氧化、水体生物修复和河道生态恢复等技术,对上海漕溪河富营养水体进行治理.结果表明,在每隔7~10 d间歇性流量300~400 m3/次的污水补水进量下,通过生物治理,消除了水体富营养和黑臭现象,从每个污水补给周期开始,3~4 d后COD、NH3-N、TP除去率分别达到50%、40%和55%以上,水体清澈见底.从2005年3~5月,河道生物多样性逐步增加,先后出现枝角类、桡足类动物和鱼类.表明对于已截污的城市半封闭河道,利用浸没式复合生态滤床对污水进行预处理,在此基础上,通过底泥生物氧化、水体增氧、河道生态恢复等措施,进行生物治理,可取得良好治理效果.本研究为城市半封闭河道的治理和养护提供了一套切实可行的方法. 相似文献
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正确处理发展经济和维持生态平衡的关系是经济建设中的一件大事。本书根据这个宗旨由杭州大学生物系诸葛阳教授编著。内容分十二章,即生态学概述;生物与环境关系;种群和群落;生态系统的结构与功能;维护自然的生态平衡;森林的生态效益;生物资源的保护和利用;自然保护区的建设;海岛的生态特点和开发利用;环境污染与防治原则;有害动物的综合防治;环境管理的生态学基础。 相似文献
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Tahar Gharred Jamel Jebali Mariem Belgacem Rabeb Mannai Sami Achour 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(18):18064-18072
Multiple pollutions by trace metals and pharmaceuticals have become one of the most important problems in marine coastal areas because of its excessive toxicity on organisms living in this area. This study aimed to assess the individual and mixture toxicity of Cu, Cd, and oxytetracycline frequently existing in the contaminated marine areas and the embryo-larval development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The individual contamination of the spermatozoid for 1 h with the increasing concentrations of Cd, Cu, and OTC decreases the fertility rate and increases larvae anomalies in the order Cu > Cd > OTC. Moreover, the normal larva frequency and the length of spicules were more sensitive than the fertilization rate and normal gastrula frequency endpoints. The mixture toxicity assessed by multiple experimental designs showed clearly that concentrations of Cd, Cu, and OTC superior to 338 μg/L, 0.56 μg/L, and 0.83 mg/L, respectively, cause significant larva malformations. 相似文献
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Bioassays are widely used to estimate ecological risks of contaminated sediments. We compared the results of three whole sediment bioassays, using the midge larva Chironomus riparius, the water louse Asellus aquaticus, and the mayfly nymph Ephoron virgo. We used sediments from sixteen locations in the Dutch Rhine-Meuse Delta that differed in level of contamination. Previously developed protocols for each bioassay were followed, which differed in sediment pretreatment, replication, and food availability. The Chironomus bioassay was conducted in situ, whereas the other two were conducted in the laboratory. The measured endpoints, survival and growth, were related to contaminant levels in the sediment and to food quantity in water and sediment.
Only the response of A. aquaticus in the bioassay was correlated with sediment contamination. Food availability in overlying water was much more important for C. riparius and E. virgo, thereby masking potential sediment contaminant effects. We conclude that growth of A. aquaticus was depressed by sediment contamination, whereas growth of E. virgo and C. riparius was stimulated by seston food quantity. We discuss that the trophic state of the ecosystem largely affects the ecological risks of contaminated sediments. 相似文献
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Bonada N Zamora-Muñoz C Rieradevall M Prat N 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2004,132(3):509-521
Caddisflies are a well represented group with high species diversity in Mediterranean climate rivers. Although they are widely used in water quality assessment, little is known of the ecological profiles of families or species. We present a simple score for ecological profiles which measures intolerance to water quality. The ecological profiles of caddisflies are diverse and the degree of tolerance at the family level is related to species diversity and the tolerance of individual species to water quality. Comparisons with the scores used in the biotic index IBMWP show general agreement between the degree of intolerance of a family and its score in the IBMWP, with few exceptions. Studies on tolerance are required to elucidate the autecology of taxa, and to develop biological indices, especially in areas with high species diversity. 相似文献
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Modeling excessive nutrient loading in the environment 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Models addressing excessive nutrient loading in the environment originated over 50 years ago with the simple nutrient concentration thresholds proposed by Sawyer (1947. Fertilization of lakes by agricultural and urban drainage. New Engl. Water Works Assoc. 61, 109-127). Since then, models have improved due to progress in modeling techniques and technology as well as enhancements in scientific knowledge. Several of these advances are examined here. Among the recent approaches in modeling techniques we review are error propagation, model confirmation, generalized sensitivity analysis, and Bayesian analysis. In the scientific arena and process characterization, we focus on advances in surface water modeling, discussing enhanced modeling of organic carbon, improved hydrodynamics, and refined characterization of sediment diagenesis. We conclude with some observations on future needs and anticipated developments. 相似文献
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饮用水除砷技术研究进展 总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2
饮用水中的砷对人体健康危害很大。介绍了从饮用水中去除砷的各种方法,总结了目前除砷技术存在的不足,指出混凝微滤工艺具有除砷效率高、能耗低、操作简单等优点,应成为今后饮用水除砷技术的发展方向。 相似文献
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Ecological restoration and conservation are primary components of sustainable development around the world, particularly during the contemporary era of climate change. However, restoration and conservation are not free; they consume huge amounts of resources that would otherwise support social and economic development. Therefore, excessive conservation creates a risk of creating rather than eliminating poverty. Unfortunately, scientists have largely ignored the balance between these contrasting goals. Here, we discuss the concept of finding the threshold that represents a suitable balance between ecological conservation and economic development, thereby maximizing the benefits for both humans and the environment and promoting sustainable development. To demonstrate the concept, we examined China’s ecological restoration achievements and discussed some of the unforeseen negative consequences that accompanied these achievements to discuss how future policies could better balance ecological and socioeconomic goals. 相似文献
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Skarpe C Aarrestad PA Andreassen HP Dhillion SS Dimakatso T du Toit JT Duncan Halley J Hytteborn H Makhabu S Mari M Marokane W Masunga G Ditshoswane M Moe SR Mojaphoko R Mosugelo D Motsumi S Neo-Mahupeleng G Ramotadima M Rutina L Sechele L Sejoe TB Stokke S Swenson JE Taolo C Vandewalle M Wegge P 《Ambio》2004,33(6):276-282
Northern Botswana and adjacent areas, have the world's largest population of African elephant (Loxodonta africana). However, a 100 years ago elephants were rare following excessive hunting. Simultaneously, ungulate populations were severely reduced by decease. The ecological effects of the reduction in large herbivores must have been substantial, but are little known. Today, however, ecosystem changes following the increase in elephant numbers cause considerable concern in Botswana. This was the background for the "BONIC" project, investigating the interactions between the increasing elephant population and other ecosystem components and processes. Results confirm that the ecosystem is changing following the increase in elephant and ungulate populations, and, presumably, developing towards a situation resembling that before the reduction of large herbivores. We see no ecological reasons to artificially change elephant numbers. There are, however, economic and social reasons to control elephants, and their range in northern Botswana may have to be artificially restricted. 相似文献
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饮用水中微量有机物的污染是关系饮用水生态安全的重要问题。以饮用水中微量的内分泌干扰类除草剂阿特拉津为研究对象,分别采用微生物降解技术和光催化氧化技术对其进行降解,考察温度对阿特拉津降解效果的影响。研究结果表明:阿特拉津浓度为1 mg/L时,3种温度条件下,除锰功能菌MB4对阿特拉津均有明显的去除效果,降解时间为7 d时,阿特拉津的去除率达到65%。底物浓度为200 μg/L,3种温度条件下,活性炭负载二氧化钛(TiO2/PAC)催化剂光降解阿特拉津30 min时,其去除率均达到90%。光催化氧化技术协同微生物降解技术在饮用水中微量的内分泌干扰物的去除中有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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The littoral zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China: challenges and opportunities 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Xing-zhong Yuan Yue-wei Zhang Hong Liu Sen Xiong Bo Li Wei Deng 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(10):7092-7102
For flood control purpose, the water level of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) varies significantly. The annual reservoir surface elevation amplitude is about 30 m behind the dam. Filling of the reservoir has created about 349 km2 of newly flooded riparian zone. The average flooding period lasts for more than 6 months, from mid-October to late April. The dam and its associated reservoir provide flood control, power generation, and navigation, but there are also many environmental challenges. The littoral zone is the important part of the TGR, once its eco-health and stability are damaged,which will directly endanger the ecological safety of the whole reservoir area and even the Yangtze River Basin. So, understanding the great ecological opportunities which are hidden in littoral zone of TGR (LZTGR) and putting forward approaches to solve the environmental problems are very important. LZTGR involves a wide field of problems, such as the landslides, potential water pollution, soil erosion, biodiversity loss, land cover changes, and other issues. The Three Gorges dam (TGD) is a major trigger of environmental change in the Yangtze River. The landslides, water quality, soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, dam operation, and challenge for land use are closely interrelated across spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, the ecological and environmental impacts caused by TGD are necessarily complex and uncertain. LZTGR is not only a great environmental challenge but also an ecological opportunity for us. In fact, LZTGR is an important structural unit of TGR ecosystem and has special ecosystem services function. Vegetation growing in LZTGR is therefore a valuable resource due to accumulation of carbon and nutrients. Everyone thinks that the ecological approach to the problem is needed. If properly designed, dike–pond systems, littoral woods systems, and re-created waterfowl habitats will have the capacity to capture nutrients from uplands and obstruct soil erosion. Ecological engineering approaches can therefore reduce environmental impacts of LZTGR and optimize ecological services. In view of the current situation and existing ecological problems of LZTGR, according to function demands such as environmental purification, biodiversity conservation, and vegetation carbon sink enhancement, we should explore the eco-friendly utilization mode of resources in LZTGR. Ecological engineering approaches might minimize the impacts or optimize the ecological services. Natural regeneration and ecological restoration in LZTGR are valuable for soil erosion decrease, pollutant purification, biodiversity conservation, carbon sink increase, and ecosystem health maintenance in TGR. 相似文献