常年淹水和干旱对三峡库区消落带菖蒲生长恢复的影响

菖蒲是三峡库区常见的一种湿生植物,本研究探讨了常年淹水对菖蒲生长恢复的影响,并分析了干旱对露水后菖蒲生长恢复的影响,为三峡库区消落带植被恢复物种的选择提供科学依据.分别于2009年9月和2010年9月前后2次将菖蒲(Acorus calamus L.)植株完全淹水,分别于翌年3、4、5月将植株露水(分别记为S1、S2和S3),2011年定期统计植株数和叶片数,测定叶长、叶宽.结果表明,淹水导致植株萌发数显著低于对照,且随着淹水时间增加植株萌发数呈显著降低趋势;淹水显著促进3月和4月露水植株叶片的伸长和形成,其叶长、叶片数、株叶长和总叶长显著高于对照,而5月露水植株的叶长、叶宽、叶片数、株叶长、总叶长和总叶片数均显著低于对照.随着淹水时间的增加露水后植株死亡数呈显著增大趋势,S1和S2组的叶长、叶宽显著增长,叶片数显著降低,而S3组植株叶长、叶宽、叶片数、株叶长、总叶长和总叶片数均显著降低.干旱导致对照、S1和S2组植株叶长、叶宽、株叶长、总叶长、叶片数和总叶片数均显著降低,植株存活数显著降低;干旱胁迫去除25 d后,对照、S1和S2组植株的叶片数分别增加了67.0%、66.7%和36.2%,且S1和S2组植株的株叶长、总叶长和总叶片数分别增加了48.2%、18.1%,66.7%、35.0%,75.0%、64.3%,差异显著(P<0.05).因此,菖蒲不仅对淹水的适应和耐受能力较强,而且露水后的生长恢复能力及对干旱的恢复能力也较强,可作为三峡库区消落带(特别是3月和4月露水区域)的恢复、重建物种.     

Effects of water regime, crop residues, and application rates on control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

Biological soil disinfestation is an effective method to control soil-borne disease by flooding and incorporating with organic amendments, but field conditions and resources sometimes limited its practical application. A laboratory experiment was conducted to develop practice guidelines on controlling Fusarium wilt, a widespread banana disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense(FOC). FOC infested soil incorporated with rice or maize straw at rates of 1.5 tons/ha and 3.0 tons/ha was incubated under flooded or water-saturated(100% water holding capacity) conditions at 30℃ for 30 days. Results showed that FOC populations in the soils incorporated with either rice or maize straw rapidly reduced more than 90% in the first 15 days and then fluctuated till the end of incubation, while flooding alone without organic amendment reduced FOC populations slightly. The rapid and dramatic decrease of redox potential(down to- 350 m V) in straw-amended treatments implied that both anaerobic condition and strongly reductive soil condition would contribute to pathogen inactivation. Water-saturation combined with straw amendments had the comparable effects on reduction of FOC, indicating that flooding was not indispensable for inactivating FOC. There was no significant difference in the reduction of FOC observed in the straw amendments at between 1.5 and 3 tons/ha. Therefore,incorporating soil with straw(rice or maize straw) at a rate of 3.0 tons/ha under 100%water holding capacity or 1.5 tons/ha under flooding, would effectively alleviate banana Fusarium wilt caused by FOC after 15-day treating under 30℃.     

Effects of water regime,crop residues,and application rates on control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

Biological soil disinfestation is an effective method to control soil-borne disease by flooding and incorporating with organic amendments, but field conditions and resources sometimes limited its practical application. A laboratory experiment was conducted to develop practice guidelines on controlling Fusarium wilt, a widespread banana disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC). FOC infested soil incorporated with rice or maize straw at rates of 1.5 tons/ha and 3.0 tons/ha was incubated under flooded or water-saturated (100% water holding capacity) conditions at 30°C for 30 days. Results showed that FOC populations in the soils incorporated with either rice or maize straw rapidly reduced more than 90% in the first 15 days and then fluctuated till the end of incubation, while flooding alone without organic amendment reduced FOC populations slightly. The rapid and dramatic decrease of redox potential (down to − 350 mV) in straw-amended treatments implied that both anaerobic condition and strongly reductive soil condition would contribute to pathogen inactivation. Water-saturation combined with straw amendments had the comparable effects on reduction of FOC, indicating that flooding was not indispensable for inactivating FOC. There was no significant difference in the reduction of FOC observed in the straw amendments at between 1.5 and 3 tons/ha. Therefore, incorporating soil with straw (rice or maize straw) at a rate of 3.0 tons/ha under 100% water holding capacity or 1.5 tons/ha under flooding, would effectively alleviate banana Fusarium wilt caused by FOC after 15-day treating under 30°C.     

温和水热预处理促进秸秆产沼气的条件优化研究

以水稻秸秆为原料,在前期单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验研究不同水热预处理条件对稻秸理化特性及产沼气效果的影响.结果表明,预浸时间、初始含水率和热处理时间3个因素对稻秸厌氧发酵20d累积TS产气率的影响程度各不相同,各因素对厌氧发酵累积TS产气率的影响大小顺序为初始含水率 >预浸时间 >热处理时间;得出的最佳水热预处理条件为：初始含水率为55%,预浸时间为2h,热处理时间为6h;与处理CK相比,最佳预处理条件下稻秸20d容积产气率提高29.79%,产气量达总产气量60%和80%时间可提前5d;结合预处理前后稻秸理化特性变化规律分析,表明温和水热预处理促进了纤维素和半纤维素的降解溶出,并促使其更多转化为挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）,从而有利于稻秸快速产沼气.     

采用非生长能量代谢参数表征颗粒污泥稳定性

对比分析了无厌氧搅拌的异养菌系统和有厌氧搅拌的除磷系统的颗粒污泥的粒径、密度、形态等特征,得出后者较前者稳定.通过动力学参数分析发现,颗粒污泥的稳定与微生物的代谢特征有一定的关系,即慢速生长系统具有较好的颗粒稳定特征可能与能量维持代谢的比例较大有关.通过对比分析慢速生长系统不同粒径的微生物代谢特征,发现用于表征非生长代谢相关的能量维持系数m和Smin/CODinfluent与颗粒的稳定性具有密切的联系,因而可以作为表征颗粒污泥稳定性的定量指标.本研究改变了长期以来通过观察污泥形态、粒径、密度等理化参数来定性描述颗粒稳定的技术体系,从微生物能量代谢角度建立了定量描述颗粒污泥稳定的方法和指标.     

Effect of water-driven changes in rice rhizosphere on Cd lability in three soils with different pH

Pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of water management, namely continuous flooding (CF), intermittent flooding (IF) and non-flooding (NF), on Cd phytoavailaility in three paddy soils that differed in pH and in Cd concentrations. Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique was employed to monitor soil labile Cd and Fe concentrations simultaneously at three growth stages (tillering, heading and mature stage) of rice. The Cd phytoavailability were generally in the order of NF?>?IF?>?CF, and higher rice Cd (over permitted level, 0.2?mg/kg) were only found in neutral and acidic soils under NF conditions. DGT measured soil labile Cd rather than total Cd was the most reliable predictor for Cd accumulation in rice. CF enhanced the formation of root plaques, which related to oxidation of large quantities of available Fe on root surfaces due to the O₂ secretion of rice root. The Cd concentration in root plaques shared the same trend with DGT-Cd. Generally, root plaques would inhibit Cd uptake by rice under CF conditions, while under IF and NF conditions, root plaques act as a temporarily store of Cd, and soil labile Cd is the key factor that controls the transfer of Cd from soil to rice. The results of principle component analysis revealed that water management had the greatest effect on soil Cd lability and rice Cd in acidic soil. Thus, it is important to consider the availability of Cd and soil pH when assessing current agricultural practices of contaminated soil in China.     

调理剂+淹水措施对Cd污染稻田控Cd效果分析

为探明淹水措施、基施湘润邦土壤调理剂、矿物硅肥+喷施叶面肥、石膏粉以及综合处理对不同污染土壤修复效果和作用机制,通过在3个不同类型Cd污染耕地布置小区试验,研究了单一处理及综合措施对阻控污染耕地稻米吸收累积Cd的影响.结果表明,淹水措施、单一施用调理剂、综合施用结合淹水处理能降低土壤有效态Cd和水稻各器官Cd含量,土壤有效态Cd降低6. 58%～30. 01%,糙米Cd含量降低12. 65%～68. 68%,降低效果为综合处理(T6)基施石膏粉(T5)基施湘润邦土壤调理剂(T3)矿物硅肥+喷施叶面肥(T4)淹水处理(T2)(以两季水稻糙米Cd含量降低效果平均值计算).试验中5个处理使水稻各部位富集系下降,是引起糙米Cd含量下降的主要原因之一.根据田间小区试验显示,基施湘润邦土壤调理剂、矿物硅肥+喷施叶面肥和石膏粉组配施用结合淹水措施可作为Cd污染耕地稻米Cd阻控的有效方法.     

水分管理与秸秆施用对稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响

2000年6~10月在南京近郊江宁区实施大田试验.主要研究了水稻生长季常规灌溉和连续淹水条件下有机质(小麦秸杆)不同施用量(0,2.25,4.5t/hm2)对稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响.结果表明,在连续淹水条件下,CH4排放量与秸杆施用量成正比,N2O排放与秸杆施用量成反比.烤田的N2O的排放量在施用2.25t/hm2秸杆与对照之间无明显差异,但施用4.5t/hm2秸杆处理其N2O的排放量仅为对照或施用2.25t/hm2秸杆处理下的13%左右.综合考虑水稻生长季CH4和N2O排放的全球增温潜势(GWP),在增加有机质的施用量(如按4.5t/hm2施用量秸杆还田)的情况下,烤田的GWP只占连续淹水处理的60%,是减少稻田CH4和N2O综合温室效应的一种有效措施.     

Effect of vegetation of transgenic Bt rice lines and their straw amendment on soil enzymes, respiration, functional diversity and community structure of soil microorganisms under field conditions

With the development of transgenic crops, there is an increasing concern about the possible adverse effects of their vegetation and residues on soil environmental quality. This study was carried out to evaluate the possible effects of the vegetation of transgenic Bt rice lines Huachi B6 (HC) and TT51 (TT) followed by the return of their straw to the soil on soil enzymes (catalase, urease, neutral phosphatase and invertase), anaerobic respiration activity, microbial utilization of carbon substrates and community structure, under field conditions. The results indicated that the vegetation of the two transgenic rice lines (HC and TT) and return of their straw had few adverse effects on soil enzymes and anaerobic respiration activity compared to their parent and distant parent, although some transient differences were observed. The vegetation and subsequent straw amendment of Bt rice HC and TT did not appear to have a harmful effect on the richness, evenness and community structure of soil microorganisms. No different pattern of impact due to plant species was found between HC and TT. It could be concluded that the vegetation of transgenic Bt rice lines and the return of their straw as organic fertilizer may not alter soil microbe-mediated functions.     

水分管理与施硅对水稻根表铁膜及砷镉吸收的影响

为探明水分管理与施硅对土壤砷（As）/镉（Cd）生物有效性、水稻根表铁膜与As/Cd吸收的影响,以贵州省开阳县某砷镉复合污染水稻土为供试土壤,进行了水稻盆栽种植.设5种水分管理模式：全生育期淹水（T1）;移栽到抽穗后三周（0~105 d）淹水,其余时期湿润灌溉（含水率50%~60%）（T2）;移栽到抽穗前三周（0~65 d）淹水,抽穗到抽穗后三周（84~105 d）淹水,其余时期湿润灌溉（T3）;抽穗到抽穗后三周（84~105 d）淹水,其余时期湿润灌溉（T4）和全生育期湿润灌溉（T5）.硅设不施硅和施硅这2个水平.结果表明,淹水/湿润灌溉较单一淹水或单一湿润灌溉更利于根表铁膜（DCB-Fe）的形成,DCB-As/Cd含量随DCB-Fe含量升高而升高;施硅使土壤pH升高,有效As/Cd含量降低,DCB-As含量增加,除淹水处理外的DCB-Fe/Cd含量降低.淹水时间越短,水稻各部位对Cd积累量越高,对As积累量越低.施硅使水稻各部位生物量升高,As/Cd含量降低.其中根、茎、叶和籽粒的Cd含量分别降低4.23%~31.06%、11.41%~52.90%、1.74%~35.73%和19.25%~39.76%,As含量分别降低1.47%~52.60%、6.12%~63.02%、2.97%~28.41%和16.33%~61.23%.5种水分管理中,施硅结合T3水分管理可以实现水稻生物量最高及水稻对砷镉吸收量最小.因此,根据As/Cd实际污染情况合理进行水分管理与施硅可以有效降低土壤As/Cd生物有效性进而减少水稻对As/Cd的累积,实现农田安全生产.     

10万m3/d污水处理厂新型稳定塘工艺技术经济分析

介绍了沙营污水处理厂稳定塘工艺的构成特点及2年来实际运行效果。效益分析表明,新型稳定塘工艺通过在厌氧塘安装弹性填料、在好氧塘增加表面曝气机,在养鱼塘放养各类鱼苗、在生态塘种植莲藕、芦苇,从而形成了人工可以控制的生物氧化过程来处理城市污水,具有基建投资省、维护管理方便、运行费用低等特点,在土地资源丰富的中小城市具有良好的应用前景。     

Effects of water management on arsenic and cadmiumspeciation and accumulation in an upland rice cultivar

Pot and field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of water regimes on the speciation and accumulation of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in Brazilian upland rice growing in soils polluted with both As and Cd. In the pot experiment constant and intermittent flooding treatments gave 3-16 times higher As concentrations in soil solution than did aerobic conditions but Cd showed the opposite trend. Compared to arsenate, there were more marked changes in the arsenite concentrations in the soil solution as water management shifted, and therefore arsenite concentrations dominated the As speciation and bioavailability in the soil. In the field experiment As concentrations in the rice grains increased from0.14 to 0.21 mg/kg while Cd concentrations decreased from 0.21 to 0.02 mg/kg with increasing irrigation ranging from aerobic to constantly flooding conditions. Among the various water regimes the conventional irrigation treatment produced the highest rice grain yield of 6.29 tons/ha. The As speciation analysis reveals that the accumulation of dimethylarsinic acid (from 11.3% to 61.7%) made a greater contribution to the increase in total As in brown rice in the intermittent and constant flooding treatments compared to the intermittent-aerobic treatment. Thus, water management exerted opposite effects on Cd and As speciation and bioavailability in the soil and consequently on their accumulation in the upland rice. Special care is required when irrigation regime methods are employed to mitigate the accumulation of metal(loid)s in the grain of rice grown in soils polluted with both As and Cd.     

不同类型秸秆对污泥厌氧消化特性及细菌群落结构的影响

为促进污水处理厂污泥及农作物秸秆的资源化利用,探讨不同类型秸秆（玉米、小麦、水稻）对污泥厌氧消化特性、产气效果及细菌群落结构的影响,在中温〔（35±1）℃〕下,研究了污泥与秸秆按不同质量比（1:0、1:0.5、1:1、1:1.5）联合厌氧消化对污泥C/N（碳氮比）和厌氧消化环境中pH、ρ（NH₄+-N）、ρ（VFAs）（VFAs为挥发性脂肪酸）、日均沼气产量及φ（CH₄）、细菌群落的特征变化,以未添加秸秆的污泥厌氧消化为CK（对照）.结果表明:不同类型秸秆的添加对厌氧消化体系的pH、ρ（NH₄+-N）、ρ（VFAs）均产生显著影响,秸秆的加入明显提高了厌氧消化体系的产气量.联合厌氧消化可通过优化厌氧消化底物的C/N,从而增加ρ（VFAs）和φ（CH₄）.其中,污泥与玉米秸秆质量比为1:1.5时对厌氧消化的促进作用最为显著;其沼气日产量为2 303.08 mL,比CK（536.15 mL）提高了3倍以上,而沼气中φ（CH₄）最高为54.49%,比CK（37.07%）提高46.99%.此外,不同类型秸秆的添加也可通过改变细菌群落结构从而促进秸秆降解,增加ρ（VFAs）和提高沼气产量,特别是添加秸秆后,Bacteroidetes会逐渐取代Proteobacteria成为主要的产酸菌种,从而导致ρ（VFAs）增加.研究显示,污泥与秸秆联合厌氧消化可改善污泥营养结构,改变细菌群落结构,提高沼气产量.      

稻草秸秆发酵液对铜绿微囊藻生化参数影响

针对铜绿微囊藻在稻草秸秆（水稻分蘖枝）发酵液胁迫下的酶学特征及抗氧化能力、藻毒素和多糖含量等生化指标进行了检测分析，旨在为利用稻草秸秆抑藻提供进一步理论依据.结果表明：铜绿微囊藻在水稻分蘖枝发酵液胁迫下，其表征藻细胞代谢水平的酯酶活性显著降低，实验第5d，最高浓度组（0.65%V/V）99.9%的藻细胞内酯酶活性均被抑制，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活力分别下降至同期对照组的11.03%和8.47%；丙二醛（MDA）含量则与发酵液浓度以及作用时间呈显著正相关，pearson分析表明，所有浓度组和作用时间内r值均大于0.9，而P值均小于0.01，表明水稻分蘖枝发酵液可显著降低藻细胞的抗氧化水平；但高浓度水稻分蘖枝发酵液没有引起微囊藻毒素（MCs）升高，甚至显著降低MCs和多糖的含量，与对照组相比，P<0.01.因此，水稻分蘖枝发酵液可通过影响铜绿微囊藻的代谢过程，降低藻细胞抗氧化以及抵御对环境胁迫的能力，从而达到有效抑藻的目的.     

氢氧化钠固态预处理对稻草中木素结构特性的影响

为探明这种NaOH固态预处理对稻草产气量影响的内在机理,采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、氢质子核磁共振波谱(1HNMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等方法,对NaOH固态处理前后稻草中木素结构的变化进行了多方位研究.结果表明,NaOH固态预处理使稻草中木素内部结构、木素-碳水化合物复合体的形态结构发生了明显的变化,使得纤维素从木素的包裹中释放出来,木素成分也由难降解的三维网状大分子转变成了易降解的直链结构的小分子,从而使得厌氧微生物能够接触到更多的纤维素并对其进行更有效的消化.这些木素形态结构的变化是导致稻草厌氧消化产气量提高的内在原因.     

鄱阳湖典型沉水植物刺苦草对不同淹水胁迫的响应特征及对生态修复的启示

沉水植物的生长与繁殖受到湖泊水体水位过程的影响,然而不同的水文过程变化及淹水时长对沉水植物个体适应性特征的影响尚不清晰。选取鄱阳湖典型沉水植物刺苦草作为研究对象,通过设置水位控制中宇宙实验,揭示6种淹水模式下刺苦草个体适应性变化特征。结果表明：长时间高淹水水位胁迫能够显著影响刺苦草的叶片数量、叶长、根长、匍匐茎长度、克隆能力、总生物量等特征。快速涨水以及长时间(>21 d)高水位(>3.5 m)胁迫会导致刺苦草植株叶片的大量凋亡,短时间(<14 d)并降低高水位淹水胁迫,刺苦草可以恢复其正常生长。研究表明,夏季快速涨水及不利水位下较长淹水时长是影响沉水植物刺苦草个体适应性降低的主要因素,可为沉水植物退化的水文过程机制以及科学恢复提供理论参考。     

鄱阳湖草滩湿地植物群落响应水位变化的周年动态特征分析

水位变化影响湿地水生植物群落的初级生产力、物种多样性及群落结构. 鄱阳湖作为我国最大的吞吐型、季节性浅水通江湖,其水位季节性变化显著. 通过对2009—2010年鄱阳湖3个水情期(丰水期、平水期、枯水期)的湖泊生态学调查,分析水位波动对鄱阳湖植物群落及植物的影响特征. 结果表明:丰水期鄱阳湖高水位导致草滩湿地植被被完全淹没,潜水型湿生植物受高水位胁迫,多采取休眠或耐受的生存策略度过不利时期. 该时期沉水和浮叶植物占优势,优势种为竹叶眼子菜、微齿眼子菜、苦草、轮叶黑藻、金鱼藻和荇菜.2009年枯水期鄱阳湖低水位创历史新低且提前近1个月到来,湖洲滩地的湿生植被也提前近1个月萌发,洲滩以虉草、灰化苔草、蒌蒿、水蓼、千金子和蓼子草占优势,中高位草滩以中生-湿生植物类群占优势. 平水期鄱阳湖洲滩部分被淹没,形成较明显水位梯度,优势湿生植物苔草属植物和虉草的地上部分生物量在水位梯度上变化显著.      

不同土壤耕作方式下秸秆还田量对晚稻土壤养分与微生物的影响

在耕翻、少耕和免耕条件下研究了早稻秸秆还田量对晚稻土壤养分与微生物的影响,结果表明,①秸秆还田显著提高土壤有效磷和速效钾含量,对土壤碱解氮含量的提高体现在水稻生育后期;秸秆还田对土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量的提高效果在免耕条件下最好,而对速效钾含量的提高效果在少耕条件下最好;②不同耕作方式下宜实行不同秸秆还田量,就提高有效磷和速效钾含量而言,耕翻和少耕条件下宜实行全部秸秆还田,而免耕条件下宜实行2/3秸秆还田;③秸秆还田使土壤真菌和嫌气性细菌数量减少,放线菌和好气性细菌数量增加;耕翻使土壤真菌和嫌气性细菌数量减少,好气性细菌数量增加;④土壤耕作有利于晚稻生育前期与后期土壤微生物活度的提高,秸秆还田量对土壤微生物活度的影响在不同耕作方式下表现不同,耕翻条件下以2/3还田量处理的土壤微生物活度最高,而少免耕条件下1/3还田量处理最高.     

硅肥耦合水分管理对复合污染稻田土壤As-Cd生物有效性及稻米累积阻控

选取湖南某矿区重金属镉、砷复合污染稻田土,以泰优390号为材料,通过盆栽试验研究湿润灌溉(CK)、农艺措施淹水(WF)、速溶硅肥结合淹水措施(FYsi)、矿物硅肥结合淹水措施(FKsi)及2种硅肥结合淹水(FYK)对土壤中As、Cd生物有效性及水稻糙米中As、Cd累积效应的影响.结果表明,淹水处理土壤p H值上升幅度为0.12~0.72个单位,均呈现先升高再下降,最后趋于中性的规律.淹水后,土壤Eh显著降低,FYsi、FKsi、FYK这3种配合硅肥的淹水处理土壤Eh值显著高于WF处理,与对照相比,淹水处理糙米中Cd含量降低了38.83%~65.05%,其中,WF、FYK处理对糙米Cd累积抑制效果最佳,糙米中Cd含量为0.98 mg·kg~(-1)、0.72 mg·kg~(-1);除WF处理糙米中As含量增加了36.64%外,FYsi、FKsi、FYK处理糙米中As的含量与对照相比分别降低了23.80%、38.10%、47.62%.FYsi、FYK处理对糙米As累积抑制效果最佳,糙米中As含量为0.13 mg·kg~(-1)、0.11 mg·kg~(-1).Cd各提取态含量与其在水稻糙米中的含量均呈现出极显著的正相关关系(P0.01);可交换态、TCLP提取态As与水稻糙米中As含量无显著相关关系.因此,FYsi、FKsi、FYK这3种施硅耦合淹水处理均可有效阻控稻米镉砷复合污染,其中FYK效果最佳.     

不同水分管理模式对水稻吸收土壤砷的影响

通过水稻盆栽试验,研究了淹水灌溉(F)、灌浆期前湿润灌溉(A-F)、灌浆期后湿润灌溉(F-A)、淹水与湿润交替(AFA)这4种水分管理模式对水稻吸收土壤As的影响.结果表明,同F处理比较,A-F处理能显著降低水稻根和茎叶As含量,F-A和AFA处理都能显著降低水稻茎叶、谷壳、糙米As含量和糙米无机As含量.A-F、F-A、AFA处理对水稻生物量影响都不大,仅AFA处理减少了水稻根系生物量.F-A和AFA处理降低糙米As含量的机理是:灌浆期是水稻糙米吸收土壤As的关键时期,此时的湿润灌溉提高了土壤E h,土壤溶液As(Ⅲ)与As(Ⅴ)浓度之和、As(Ⅲ)/As(Ⅴ)的比例都显著降低,从而使土壤As的迁移能力得到抑制.F-A处理降低水稻糙米总As和无机As含量的效果与AFA处理无显著差异,但F-A处理的操作更简单,因此,F-A处理应当是污染土壤中控制水稻糙米累积As的最佳水分管理模式.