滤袋长度对袋式除尘器内流场影响的数值模拟研究

为提高袋式除尘器处理大烟气量中超细颗粒物的能力,确保袋室内气流尽可能均匀,以某环保公司的中试装置为模型,采用CFD(computational fluid dynamics)模拟6、8和10 m 3种袋长除尘器内的三维流动。运用标准k-ε双方程模型和SIMPLE算法,依据流量分配系数、速度云图和过滤阻力等分析流场内的速度和压力分布。结果表明,袋长为10 m的袋式除尘器流量分配系数更趋近于1.0;相同过滤速度下,速度相对标准偏差的数值6 m8 m10 m,滤袋长度为10 m时速度分布比较均匀;虽然10 m的除尘器产生的过滤阻力最大,但在低过滤速度条件下,优势明显。因此长袋除尘器适合在较低的过滤速度下运行。袋式除尘器的数值模拟为提高其处理能力和优化设计提供依据。     

基于ASMM模型对不同袋长袋式除尘器气固两相流的模拟

为了提高袋式除尘器内部流场的均匀性,延长滤袋的使用寿命以及降低能耗,以某环保公司下进风袋式除尘器为几何模型,采用简化的欧拉模型-代数滑移混合模型(algebraic slip mixture model,ASMM)模拟了3种袋长分别为6、8和10 m的袋式除尘器处理粒径为1、2.5、5、10和20μm颗粒时其内的气固两相流动。对比分析了不同袋长除尘器内速度云图、颗粒相体积份额以及压力损失等,结果表明:随着滤袋长度的增加,除尘器内部流场的均匀性提高;袋式除尘器对5种不同粒径颗粒都具有一定的去除能力,滤袋长度为8 m时受到的二次扬尘影响较小;滤料及粉尘层厚度为2 mm时,袋式除尘器的压力损失随着滤袋长度的增加而增加,颗粒粒径对除尘器压力损失的影响较小;通过对比袋长为8 m时除尘器模拟压降与实验结果,验证了模拟结果的可靠性。因此,除尘器的最优袋长为8 m,模拟结果为袋式除尘器的设计和优化提供了理论依据。     

袋式除尘器内部流场的数值模拟

袋式除尘器内部气流分布不均会加剧滤袋磨损,降低除尘效率。采用计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟方法对除尘器内部流场进行研究,分析了气流的轨迹及其在各气室中的速度分布。发现原设计中气流分布不均匀的现象比较明显,提出了在进气通道内添加气流均布板的改进措施。结果表明:改进后,除尘器箱体内部气流分布较均匀,各滤袋气流分配系数的波动幅度减小,各气室综合流量不均幅值降低。研究结果为袋式除尘器的结构优化设计提供了理论依据。     

基于故障树分析法袋式除尘器滤袋失效的研究与应用

在分析影响袋式除尘器滤袋失效因素的基础上,应用故障树分析法(fault tree analysis,FTA)对袋式除尘器滤袋的失效进行研究。以某袋式除尘器为例,建立该袋式除尘器滤袋失效的故障树,并结合其运行及废弃滤袋的调查情况,分析影响其滤袋失效的主要因素。结果表明,该袋式除尘器滤袋失效的主要影响因素为清灰压力峰值分布的不均匀(清灰不彻底)所导致的运行阻力过高。在此基础上,利用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法建立该袋式除尘器清灰数值计算模型,模拟其清灰时滤袋表面的压力峰值分布,发现该布袋除尘器滤袋底部表面的清灰压力峰值较低,无法达到正常清灰的要求,从而验证了故障树分析的正确性。以数值模拟为指导,改进该袋式除尘器的清灰结构,改善其清灰效果。     

数值模拟滤袋长度对除尘器流场及粉尘沉降的影响

利用数值模拟方法,探究袋式除尘器中圆筒滤袋改为褶皱滤袋后,滤袋长度变化对除尘器内部流场及粉尘在灰斗中沉降的影响。结果表明：圆筒滤袋改为褶皱滤袋可显著降低系统阻力,有利于系统节能;下进风式除尘器箱体中,滤袋越短除尘器内部的气流分布越不均匀,气流易在除尘器箱体空间及灰斗中产生涡旋,除尘器内部远离进风口一侧的滤袋会承担更多风量并受到高速气流冲击;在袋长(L)分别为3、4、5、6 m的除尘器内,粉尘在灰斗中沉降率(η)为η(L=5 m)>η(L=4 m)>η(L=3 m)>η(L=6 m)。这表明袋底距入口太近不利于粉尘沉降,粉尘直接运动至滤袋,反而会增加滤袋的过滤负担,故滤袋长度L=5 m时粉尘在灰斗中的沉降率最佳。然而,进一步降低滤袋长度不能提高粉尘的沉降率,滤袋渗透率越大,除尘器内部流场速度分布越均匀,粉尘更易沉降至灰斗。本研究结果可为下进风袋式除尘器的袋长设计提供参考。     

脉冲袋式除尘器喷吹管内压缩气流喷吹均匀性的数值模拟

运用计算流体力学(CFD)的方法,对大型脉冲袋式除尘器清灰时喷吹管内压缩气流喷吹的均匀性进行了数值模拟研究。在对传统等直径喷嘴的喷吹管出口的平均质量流量、流量偏差和喷嘴内气流的速度场进行分析的基础上发现,通过改变喷嘴直径和形状可以提高喷吹管系统的清灰均匀性。其中,采用锥形变径喷嘴时,喷吹管喷出的压缩气流的流量偏差降到2%以内,喷嘴内气流合速度方向与径向夹角几乎为零,到达滤袋的速度明显增大,极大改善了喷吹管喷吹气流的均匀性,有效提高滤袋的清灰强度,为袋式除尘器清灰系统的优化设计提供了依据。     

基于流固耦合的滤袋振动的数值模拟

滤袋是决定袋式除尘器除尘效率的关键元件,由于是柔性的悬挂结构,相邻的滤袋在气流作用下可能会发生相互碰撞,引起严重的破袋事故。针对该问题采用流固耦合方法,对袋式除尘器流场引起柔性滤袋的振动进行了数值模拟。分别以3个大小不同的进口风速模拟了滤袋的振动规律,得到了滤袋底部一点的位移图和轨迹图,结果表明,进口速度越大,滤袋的位移越大。所以有效地控制进口风速和提高内部气流速度的均匀性,可以减少滤袋的破袋事故,对节约更换滤袋的费用,有很大的经济效益。     

下进风内滤式袋式除尘器流场的模拟与优化

为优化袋式除尘器内部流场、提高除尘效率,以实验室规模的下进风内滤式袋式除尘器为原型,利用计算流体动力学(CFD)技术模拟其内流场并进行优化(将进口管改为渐扩型进口管、进口处增设多孔板、滤袋进口处增设3块导流挡板),再现颗粒相运动轨迹,采用均方根值法及流量分配系数法对流场均匀性校验。结果显示:优化后进口射流和灰斗处的涡流消失,内部流场均匀性得到改善,其均方根为0.095,颗粒相在滤袋中分布均匀。     

基于CFD的滤袋内侧磨损失效过程分析

针对某燃煤热电厂袋式除尘器滤袋破损和多次换袋检修失效现象,采用气固两相流数值模拟方法,对清灰气流含尘浓度过高导致滤袋破损失效的演变过程进行了分析,并结合现场调研和破损滤袋检测结果,明确了产生此类故障的原因.结果表明:喷吹总气量的22％为诱导气流,袋口上方的诱导气流速度接近7 m·s-1,上箱体内悬浮颗粒甚至袋口周边沉积...     

响应面法优化袋式除尘器脉冲清灰性能

基于计算流体动力学的方法采用三维、可压缩、非稳态流动数学模型对袋式除尘器脉冲清灰过程进行了数值模拟,得到了滤袋内外压差,并与文献实验值进行了比较,验证了仿真模型的可靠性。基于响应面法研究了喷吹压力、喷吹高度、滤袋直径和滤袋长度对脉冲清灰性能的影响,得到这4个影响因子的二次多项式预测模型,并进行优化。结果表明,喷吹压力为0.3 MPa,喷吹高度为0.2 m,滤袋直径为0.16 m,滤袋长度为6 m时,内外压差峰值最优,优化结果与仿真模拟结果相差小于3%。研究结果为袋式除尘器脉冲清灰系统的设计与优化提供了重要参考。     

连续在线滤袋式淤泥脱水技术

以太湖淤泥为研究对象,研究了絮凝剂和滤袋性质对淤泥脱水性能的影响,并进行了滤袋脱水中试研究。结果表明,淤泥的含水率为90％时,在PAM和PAC最佳添加量55mg／L和1000mg／L条件下,淤泥比阻从8．7×10^7S2／g降低到2．0×10^7S2／g,Zeta电位从-28．77mV变成-4．68mV,滤袋平均过滤速度提高了137．9％,脱水性能显著提升。不同含水率下的实验得出了淤泥的最佳絮凝剂添加曲线;特殊材料滤袋相比于普通材料滤袋,滤袋的脱水综合能力大幅度提升,平均过滤速度达到0．479m^3／（m^2·h）,淤泥回收率为98．7％,泥饼含水率为71．6％;中试实验表明,淤泥经过4h过滤后,淤泥的含水率降到较低的65％,最终回收率可达到98．6％,滤液中污染物浓度满足国家排放标准。与传统技术相比,本技术具有脱水周期短、成本低、操作简单、安全性强等优点。     

Advanced Electrostatic Stimulation of Fabric Filtration

In advanced electrostatic stimulation of fabric filtration (AESFF), a high voltage electrode is placed coaxially inside a filter bag to establish an electric field between the electrode and the bag surface. The electric field alters the dust deposition pattern within the bag, yielding a much lower pressure drop than that found in a conventional bag. Pilot plant results show that AESFF bags can operate with a rate of pressure loss that is 70 percent below that for conventional bags. The presence of the electric field also affects the aging characteristics of the AESFF bags. On the average, the AESFF bags had residual drags that were 10 percent below those of conventional bags. The results show that AESFF baghouses can yield the same pressure drop performance as conventional baghouses while operating at much higher air-to-cloth ratios. An economic analysis evaluated the capital, operating, and maintenance costs for electric utility plants ranging from 200 to 1,000 MW. For AESFF baghouses the capital cost was found to be 25 to 48 percent below that of a conventional baghouse. A lifetime cost analysis predicts a net present value for an AESFF baghouse that is 10 to 30 percent below that of a conventional baghouse.     

Performance of a Pulse-Jet Filter At High Filtration Velocity II. Filter Cake Redeposition

Pulse-jet filter cleaning is ineffective to the extent that collected dust redeposits rather than falls to the hopper. Dust tracer techniques were used to measure the amount of redeposition in a pilot scale pulse-jet filter. A mathematical model based on experimental results was developed to describe dust transfer from bag to bag, redeposition on the pulsed bag itself, and migration to the dust hopper. Dust redeposition upon the pulsed bag increased markedly with increasing filtration velocity, whereas migration and redeposition on bags adjacent to the pulsed bag decreased. For high velocity pulse-jet filters to operate at lowest possible pressure drop, filter cake redeposition must be minimized.     

Tea bag filter paper as a novel protective membrane for micro-solid phase extraction of butachlor in aqueous samples

An innovative, cost-effective, simple, and environmental friendly tea bag filter paper protected micro-solid phase extraction (μ-SPE) technique was developed for the first time with the aim to miniaturize and minimize the use of organic solvents for the extraction and determination of butachlor in aqueous samples. The μ-SPE device was produced by packing 3.0 mg of an easily synthesized new sorbent, hydroxyl-functionalized polypyrrole (OH-PPY), inside a small tea bag filter paper sachet (1.0 cm × 0.5 cm) that served as a protective envelope. Both the extraction and desorption procedures were facilitated by sonication. Due to the high porosity and the fast water absorption of the tea bag filter paper, the analyte could easily diffuse through and enhance the interaction with the sorbent. Under the optimized conditions for the GC-ECD and the μ-SPE, the limit of detection (S/N ≥ 3) was 2.0 μg L^?1 while the limit of quantitation (S/N ≥ 10) was 10.0 μg L^?1. The recoveries of the butachlor spiked at 0.050, 0.10, and 0.50 μg mL^?1 ranged from 77.9 ± 3.0 to 112.5 ± 2.9%. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of butachlor in water samples from paddy cultivation sites. The levels found were from non-detectable to 24.71 ± 0.37 μg L^?1.     

Prediction of Particulate Loading in Exhaust from Fabric Filter Baghouses with One or More Failed Bags

Abstract

Loss of filtration efficiency in a fabric filter baghouse is typically caused by bag failure, in one form or another. The degree of such failure can be as minor as a pinhole leak or as major as a fully involved baghouse fire. In some cases, local air pollution regulations or federal hazardous waste laws may require estimation of the total quantity of particulate matter released to the environment as a result of such failures. In this paper, a technique is presented for computing the dust loading in the baghouse exhaust when one or more bags have failed. The algorithm developed is shown to be an improvement over a previously published result, which requires empirical knowledge of the variation in baghouse pressure differential with bag failures. An example calculation is presented for a bag-house equipped with 200 bags. The prediction shows that a small percentage of failed bags can cause a relatively large proportion of the gas flow to bypass the active bags, which, in turn, leads to high outlet dust loading and low overall collection efficiency from the baghouse.     

应用气箱脉冲袋除尘器净化铝电解含氟烟气的实践与研究

介绍了改进型气箱脉冲袋除尘器在铝电解烟气净化工程上的成功应用，实践结果表明，在保证净化效果的前提下，采用改进型气箱脉冲袋除尘器作为净化设备，可使其一次投资、能耗、年维修费与其他型式布袋除尘器相比均有所降低，为铝电解烟气净化工程扩大了除尘器的选择范围。     

应用气箱脉冲袋除尘器净化铝电解含氟烟气的实践与研究

介绍了改进型气箱脉冲袋除尘器在铝电解烟气净化工程上的成功应用,实践结果表明,在保证净化效果的前提下,采用改进型气箱脉冲袋除尘器作为净化设备,可使其一次投资、能耗、年维修费与其他型式布袋除尘器相比均有所降低,为铝电解烟气净化工程扩大了除尘器的选择范围.     

Model calibration for pressure drop in a pulse-jet cleaned fabric filter

A model based on Darcy's law allows prediction of pressure drop in a pulse-jet cleaned fabric filter. The model considers the effects of filtration velocity, dust areal density added during one filtration cycle, and pulse pressure. Data used to calibrate the model were collected in experiments with three fabric surface treatments and three dusts conducted at three filtration velocities, for a total of 27 different experimental conditions. The fabric used was polyester felt with untreated, singed, or PTFE-laminated surface. The dusts used were granite, limestone and fly ash. Filtration velocities were 50,75 and 100 mm s⁻¹. Dust areal density added during one filtration cycle was constant, as was pulse pressure. Under these conditions, fabric surface treatment alone largely determined the values for two of the three constants in the model; the third constant depends on pressure drop characteristics of the venturi at the top of each filter bag.     

On the forming mechanism of the cleaning airflow of pulse-jet fabric filters

To reveal the formation mechanism of a pulse-jet airflow’s cleaning effect in a filter bag, a theoretical model is built by using the theory of the gas jet and unitary adiabatic flow according to given specifications and dimensions of the bags and resistance characteristics of the cloth and dust layer. It is about the relationship between cleaning system structure and operating parameters. The model follows the principle that the flow and kinetic energy of jet flow injected into a filter bag should be consistent with the flow of cleaning airflow in the bag and the pressure drop flowing through the filter cloth and dust layer. The purpose of the model is to achieve the peak pressure of cleaning airflow, which dominates the effect of the pulse-jet cleaning process. The cleaning system structure includes air pressure in the nozzle, structure and size of nozzle, exit velocity of nozzle, jet distance, and diameter of jet cross section. Based on the condition of the cleaning system structure and operating parameters established by using the theoretical model, Fluent software is applied to carry out a numerical simulation of the jet airflow field at the nozzle’s outlet, jet airflow field between nozzle and bag top, and cleaning airflow field in the filter bag. Experimental results are used to verify the reliability of the theoretical model. They are obtained in a pilot-scale test filter with a single bag, with length 2 m and in general full-scale dimensions of the cleaning system. The results show that when any rectification measure is not installed at the bag opening, the cross-sectional area covered by the jet gas is hardly sufficient to cover the entire area of the bag opening. A large portion of the gases injected into the filter bag will overflow reversely upward from the edge due to pressure differences between the upper area and lower area inside the bag opening. This led to a serious shortage of the cleaning airflow and ar limited increase in static pressure. When a venturi-type rectifier tube is installed at the bag opening, the jet flow is converted to funnel flow for which the cross-section velocity distribution is more uniform at the throat of the rectifier tube due to the guided effects of the upper tapered pipe. Then it is transited to stressful flow below the bag opening via rectified effects of the lower dilated pipe. The results show that the gap between the static pressure of gas in the bag and the expected value is significantly reduced. The theoretical value of the nozzle diameter is enlarged to compensate for two aspects of adverse effects of cleaning airflow and energy. This is because the flow is not a purely free-form jet from the nozzle to the entrance of the rectifier tube and because the gas suffers from local resistance while flowing through the rectifier tube. The numerical simulation and experiment show that the peak pressure of cleaning airflow in the filter bag is able to reach the expected value. The results confirm that the mechanism of the pulse-jet cleaning airflow and the calculation method of the pulse-jet cleaning system structure and operating parameters offered in this study are correct. The study results provide a scientific basis for designing the system of pulse-jet fabric filters.

Implications: Pulse-jet cleaned fabric filters are commonly used for air pollution control in many industries. Pulse-jet cleaning is widely used for this purpose as it enables frequent cleaning while the filter is operating. However, the theoretical system of the forming mechanism of the pulse-jet cleaning has not formed so far. This indicates the theoretical model plays an important role in designing effective pulse-jet cleaned fabric filters.     

Prediction of particulate loading in exhaust from fabric filter baghouses with one or more failed bags

Loss of filtration efficiency in a fabric filter baghouse is typically caused by bag failure, in one form or another. The degree of such failure can be as minor as a pinhole leak or as major as a fully involved baghouse fire. In some cases, local air pollution regulations or federal hazardous waste laws may require estimation of the total quantity of particulate matter released to the environment as a result of such failures. In this paper, a technique is presented for computing the dust loading in the baghouse exhaust when one or more bags have failed. The algorithm developed is shown to be an improvement over a previously published result, which requires empirical knowledge of the variation in baghouse pressure differential with bag failures. An example calculation is presented for a baghouse equipped with 200 bags. The prediction shows that a small percentage of failed bags can cause a relatively large proportion of the gas flow to bypass the active bags, which, in turn, leads to high outlet dust loading and low overall collection efficiency from the baghouse.