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1.
Francisco Taveira Pinto 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2004,10(1):147-157
The practice of coastal zone management in Portugal is very recent. Key issues and considerations about natural shoreline
dynamics, main policy instruments, and lessons learned from the EU Demonstration Programmes on Integrated Coastal Zone Management
in Portugal will be outlined in this paper in an attempt to understand how the practice of ICZM and its prospects are. Coastal
zone management problems and their associated side effects, as well as national and international evolution patterns will
be drawn. Some means of achieving better coastal zone management practices and ways of addressing some of its forefront issues
are also identified. Special attention will go to erosion problems. The pressure induced by urban development and economic
activities on coastal areas is increasing. Poor sediment availability combined with years of neglected management and over-exploitation
of resources have had a negative impact, and there are many areas showing evidence of coastal erosion. There is a need to
improve policies and instruments of coastal planning and management. Coastal zone management plans are being developed for
the nine sectors of the continental Portuguese coast, providing a full analysis of coastal systems and a delimitation of uses
in relation to the carrying capacity of the shoreline. 相似文献
2.
After introducing soft defence techniques as an alternative to hard defence techniques, the need is emphasized to consider
the coastal area as an integral system. By recalling the main driving factors for coastal management: conflict resolution,
resilience and sustainability, we logically arrive at the concepts of ecological engineering and ecotechnology, which are
increasingly acknowledged as possible solutions to achieve sustainable use of coastal space as a resource. In this context,
we refer to the principles of self design and of ecosystem conservation.
In order to deal with real situations we are in need of fundamental ‘tools’ for the application of the soft intervention technology
approach. We therefore introduce the concept of physiographic units and develop an initial elaboration for a coastal stretch
and for coastal wetlands. The latter deserve more attention because of the already established practices of ecotechnology,
at least as far as water and soil quality are concerned, but certainly also concerning morphology, especially in the future.
We conclude by briefly discussing how activities undertaken in two research projects currently being conducted under the framework
of the Marine Science and Technology Program of the Commission of the European Communities are expected to contribute to the
concepts introduced here. 相似文献
3.
V. M. Shestopalov V. A. Ivanov A. S. Bohuslavsky S. I. Kazakov 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2008,12(4):169-179
The main engineering-geological hazards and their factors of the Mountain Crimea coastal region are considered. A characteristic
shore line site of Cape Kikineiz and its neighboring coastal area near the Katsiveli settlement has been studied in more detail.
The important characteristic of the site is a high diversity of geological conditions with numerous manifestations of dangerous
engineering-geological processes: shore and hydrological network abrasion, loss of slopes and rocks stability, etc. These
processes have intensified during the last decades under the influence of natural and man-induced factors. The results of
preliminary study of geo-environmental situation of the area are presented. The program for further research and possible
recommendations for rational coastal hazard management and area ecological state improvement are outlined. 相似文献
4.
Christine Pergent-Martini Gérard Pergent Eddy van der Maarel 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2002,8(2):107-108
Two Special Features on integrated coastal zone management, especially along the Mediterranean Sea, result from a MeDCOAST
conference held in Hammamet (Tunisia). 20–25 October 2001. In this first Special Feature some papers are presented on ecological
and biological research related to integrated coastal zone management. All over Europe coastal environments are threatened
by human activities such as urbanization, industrial development, fisheries, aquaculture, recreation and tourism. Research
has to be developed that can be applied to similar case studies in different countries. Methods of monitoring are necessary
and baseline data have to be available in order to judge the significance of changes in the abjotic and biotic environment.
Examples of studies included in this Special Feature are mainly from southern banks of the Mediterranean Sea but there is
also an example from Estonia and one from the Canary Islands. 相似文献
5.
Management of the coastal zone for the purposes of conservation and sustainability is a well-described concept in the literature.
This paper describes the importance of modelling various forms of maritime traffic as an intrinsic element of this process.
Effective use of GIS in this context implies extensive data acquisition and cleaning, vessel path simulation, traffic density
maps, and incident (spills or accidents) distribution when applicable. Risks can be determined by evaluating detrimental occurrences
relative to exposure levels. Effective visualization and quantitative analyses can then be fruitfully applied to various coastal
zone management spheres, such as oceans use planning, emergency response planning, and marine protected area delineation. 相似文献
6.
C. F. Robson N. C. Davidson J. H. Barne J. P. Doody 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》1996,2(2):179-182
Baseline resource information in an easily accessible form is a vital starting point for developing coastal zone management.
On behalf of a wide-ranging group of organizations involved in the management of the U.K. maritime zone, the Joint Nature
Conservation Committee (JNCC) is compiling a series of 16 regional volumes. The volumes contain multi-disciplinary coastal
zone resource information arranged in ten chapters under the general title ‘Coasts and Seas of the UK’. These volumes form
part of a series of paper and electronic publications of coastal information being produced by JNCC’s Coastal Directories
Project and are designed to meet the needs of planners and all others involved in decision-making and management of the coast. 相似文献
7.
Baseline resource information in an easily accessible form is a vital starting point for developing coastal zone management.
On behalf of a wide-ranging group of organizations involved in the management of the U.K. maritime zone, the Joint Nature
Conservation Committee (JNCC) is compiling a series of 16 regional volumes. The volumes contain multidisciplinary coastal
zone resource information arranged in ten chapters under the general title ‘Coasts and Seas of the UK’. These volumes form
part of a series of paper and electronic publications of coastal information being produced by JNCC's Coastal Directories
Project and are designed to meet the needs of planners and all others involved in decision-making and management of the coast. 相似文献
8.
This contribution presents an introduction to a series of papers on integrated scientific approaches presented at the San
Feliu Euroconference on transdisciplinary coastal management research. Coastal management is a challenging area for the integration
of social and natural sciences. The papers provide a basis for ongoing cross-disciplinary research. 相似文献
9.
Coastal zones in Portugal, as interface areas between land and sea, have problems related to the growing human pressure in
terms of changes in land use associated with urban and industrial occupation, new accessibility (ports, motorways) and traffic
flows, intensification of recreational use (beaches, water sports) and excessive fishing. Impacts include deterioration of
water quality and sediments; alteration and degradation of natural habitats; new hydrodynamic situations; major landscape
changes: and rapid changes in habits and way of life of the local populations and increased exposure of populations and assets
to natural and induced risks (storms, accidents, spills, explosions).
Plans for the Management of the Coastal Zone (POOC) have been developed and seven of them have been approved, while two similar
plans are at a final stage of preparation. Together they cover the entire coast of Portugal. Their implementation and assessment
could be a first step towards an integrated management of the Portuguese coastal zones. River Basin Management Plans (PBH)
have been concluded and recently approved for the whole country. However, these plans do not consider estuarine systems and
some other issues related to coastal systems. The National Water Plan (PNA) is under public presentation and discussion. Several
‘key messages’ are presented in this paper as a contribution for assessment of the proposals of this plan on issues related
with coastal waters. 相似文献
10.
John Kiousopoulos 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2008,12(1):19-25
The general objective of this paper is to trigger off the development of a more comprehensive approach to Hellenic coastal
areas (in the perspective of territorial cohesion), at local level and especially along the non-urban areas close to the sea.
Methodological issues linked to the building of an appropriate coastal database constitute the key goal of this paper (the
space and time scale, the relationship to the already proposed set of indicators, the impact of driving forces and policies,
the possible sources of data and their feasibility etc.). Furthermore, specific emphasis should be given to the choice of
new indicators, particularly for the coastal abiotic environment and the land cover/uses along coastal areas, especially near
the seafront. Those indicators should be able to aid the formation (in the near future) of an algorithm linked to the total
man-made activities in coastal areas. In conclusion, this paper will be considered successful if the just above illustrated
objectives could enrich the argument about the typology of coastal areas and the development of a spatial (coastal) observatory.
Actually, this paper is part of a broader research of the author regarding the monitoring of coastal spatial changes in different
scales (AMICA, “Appraisal of man-made interventions along the Hellenic coastal areas”). This research aims to broaden the
coastal knowledge (not only by means of coastal data) on behalf of all stakeholders been implicated into sustainable spatial
planning, integrated coastal management and the strategic environmental assessment along coastal areas.
相似文献
John KiousopoulosEmail: |
11.
12.
The case is made in this paper for early and integrative public participation in planning decisions concerning proposals major
development in the zone. This is perhaps easy to subscribe to in theory but much more difficult in practice. Currently the
extent and timing of public involvement in such decisions varies widely. A key benefit is the legitimacy that public participation
provides to the planning process and, perhaps as a result, a variety of public involvement methodologies have emerged. Important
considerations include which sections of the public to involve and at what stage in the decision-making process to involve
them. The multidisciplinary nature of coastla zone issues will tend to engage a wide variety of stakeholder groups who in
turn will influence the topics for discussion. A major port expansion proposal in the UK is used to illustrate a range of
ways in which the public can be involved. The case study also highlights that public participation is an uncertain science,
and to be successful can require skilled personnel and significant resources. The papper concludes that more guidance for
developers, some standardisation of public involvement, training for facilitatiors and a more responsible stance from some
environmental pressure groups would be advantageous. The complexity of coastal decision-making, tensions between science and
policy, and the inter-dependency of coastal activities mutually reinforce the view that inclusive participation is an important
issue for all coastal communities. 相似文献
13.
Capobianco Michele 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》1999,5(2):113-124
This paper introduces a possible approach to integrated modelling of coastal change, focusing on coastal land use and cover
change. Some of the mostimportant open issues in the context of integrated modelling of coastal change are introduced. The
paper focuses on methdological aspects. Specific reference is made to Physiographic Unit Modelling as an approach to better
handle spatial variability and ‘morphogenesis’, and as a way to focus on coastal change mechanisms instead of absolute coastal
dynamics for achieving an important simplification of the problem. The application is briefly discussed with reference to
a ‘minimal model’. The methodological structure introduced is considered particularly suitable to represent, according to
a variable degree of simplification, the integrative dynamics between resources and uses of the resources. 相似文献
14.
Robert A. Van Zuidam Jamshid Farifteh Marieke A. Eleveld Cheng Tao 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》1998,4(2):191-202
The International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences (ITC) has a research programme that should result in an
integrated environmental coastal zone management system through three subprojects. The programme aims to develop methodologies
and tools for assessing coastal zone changes, and for the evaluation of scenarios for coastal zone management, based on a
spatio-temporal Geographical Information System (GIS) working platform which integrates remote sensing data, physical-morphodynamic
and eco-hydrologic modelling, and a decision support system.
The first subproject develops methodologies for the generation of optimum Remote Sensing (RS) data sets, leading to better
interpretation and complementary use of conventional and new remote sensing imagery. It also integrates RS, GIS, and modelling
through hypothesis generation, parameter estimation, evaluation and validation.
The second subproject facilitates qualitative and quantitative analysis and prediction of the physical aspects of coastal
landscape development under the influence of natural processes and human impacts. This subproject is based on the application
of remote sensing and dynamic modelling.
The third subproject leads to a spatio-temporal working platform which supports data integration of RS and in-situ measurements,
and qualitative and quantitative analysis for the prediction of coastal landscape development. Both support decision making
in Integrated Coastal Zone Management. 相似文献
15.
In 1990 the Dutch government decided to stop any further long-term landward retreat of the coastline. This policy choice for
a ‘dynamic preservation’ is primarily aimed at safety against flooding and at sustainable preservation of the values and interests
concerning the dunes and beaches. Five years later, a first overview of the benefits and bottlenecks of the new coastal defence
policy could be presented, which was published in the second governmental coastal report ‘Kustbalans 1995’ (coastal balance
1995). This consists of three elements: (1) evaluation of the implementation of ‘dynamic preservation’, (2) the consequences
of several natural and anthropogenic developments in the coastal zone and (3) integrated coastal zone management. The present
report describes experiences of Dutch coastline management and summarizes the main conclusions of the second governmental
report.
The overall conclusion of the evaluation study is that the 1990 choice for ‘dynamic preservation’ was right. Sand supply is
an effective method of coastline maintenance, which also serves functional uses in the beach and dune area. However, nearly
a doubling of the supply volume is necessary to compensate for sand losses in the coastal zone. A more integrated management
of the coastal zone is necessary to find an equilibrium between the interests of socio-economic development and the maintenance
of a natural, dynamic system. 相似文献
16.
In 1990 the Dutch government decided to stop any further long-term landward retreat of the coastline. This policy choice for
a ‘dynamic preservation’ is primarily aimed at safety against flooding and at sustainable preservation of the values and interests
concerning the dunes and beaches. Five years later, a first overview of the benefits and bottlenecks of the new coastal defence
policy could be presented, which was published in the second governmental coastal report ‘Kustbalans 1995’ (coastal balance
1995). This consists of three elements: (1) evaluation of the implementation of ‘dynamic preservation’, (2) the consequences
of several natural and anthropogenic developments in the coastal zone and (3) integrated coastal zone management. The present
report describes experiences of Dutch coastline management and summarizes the main conclusions of the second governmental
report.
The overall conclusion of the evaluation study is that the 1990 choice for ‘dynamic preservation’ was right. Sand supply is
an effective method of coastline maintenance, which also serves functional uses in the beach and dune area. However, nearly
a doubling of the supply volume is necessary to compensate for sand losses in the coastal zone. A more integrated management
of the coastal zone is necessary to find an equilibrium between the interests of socio-economic development and the maintenance
of a natural, dynamic system. 相似文献
17.
The planning and management of coastal sites in Catalonia has been mainly concerned with rendering beaches functional for
mass frequentation. This has caused serious problems for the beaches, including the alteration of dune formation processes
and the destruction of beach vegetation and habitats. Municipal capacity to plan and manage beaches is theoretically very
limited and relegated to the design of plans related to the maintenance of facilities for beach users. Nonetheless, a singular
experience, led by a local council in the metropolitan area of Barcelona demonstrates the crucial role that a local administration
can play in achieving a balance between habitat preservation and social use based on sustainable coastal management objectives,
in spite of a restrictive legislation. 相似文献
18.
Cassar Michelle 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2003,9(1):73-80
This paper examines a 3-yr EU LIFE-funded project for the management of two especially protected areas on the Maltese coast.
Project partners are the Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Insular Coastal Dynamics (ICoD), the Gaia Foundation and the Ministry
for the Environment of Malta.
Project sites are the Ghajn Tuffieha area on the northwest coast of Malta, and the Ramla Bay area on the island of Gozo. While
both sites are in a relatively pristine state and comprise a number of features of ecological and scientific importance, they
are also prime recreational areas, hosting thousands of visitors especially during the summer months. The challenge is to
manage these sites in a sustainable manner in order to protect their unique ecology while simultaneously controlling and managing
the human activities taking place there.
The following sequence of activities is being implemented at both sites: surveys of the resources present (biodiversity, habitats,
geological and hydrological features, and archaeological heritage), implementation of first intervention measures, and the
drawing up and implementation of site-specific management plans, including rehabilitation and protection of biodiversity and
habitats, regulations for site use, and awareness raising and educational measures.
The management structure of this project supports the concept of decentralization of management of protected areas, through
the granting of responsibility for the direct management of these sites to a non-governmental organization, under joint government/EU
funding. This paper thus presents the project as a model for similar initiatives for the management of protected sites in
the Mediterranean. 相似文献
19.
In 1994 the Countryside Council for Wales, the government nature conservation and countryside advisor in Wales, published
a consultation document on marine and coastal policy, and also commissioned research into the status of coastal zone management
(CZM) in the Principality. The research, undertaken by the University of Wales Cardiff, investigated CZM from an international,
national (U.K.) and Welsh perspective, concentrating on detailed case studies of three areas (including both urban and rural
coasts). Policy makers, managers, practitioners and users from all sectors were included in the study which established current
activity, identified problems and reviewe future plans. Interviews and questionnaire returns highlighted vital information
gaps at all levels. These ranged fom a lack of basic data (including scientific and technical), to a breakdown in communication
both within and between organisations, as well as a policy vacuum in both regional and central government. 相似文献
20.
M. S. C. Havard R. C. Ballinger S. J. Pettit H. D. Smith 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》1996,2(2):175-178
In 1994 the Countryside Council for Wales, the government nature conservation and countryside advisor in Wales, published
a consultation document on marine and coastal policy, and also commissioned research into the status of coastal zone management
(CZM) in the Principality. The research, undertaken by the University of Wales Cardiff, investigated CZM from an international,
national (U.K.) and Welsh perspective, concentrating on detailed case studies of three areas (including both urban and rural
coasts). Policy makers, managers, practitioners and users from all sectors were included in the study which established current
activity, identified problems and reviewe future plans. Interviews and questionnaire returns highlighted vital information
gaps at all levels. These ranged fom a lack of basic data (including scientific and technical), to a breakdown in communication
both within and between organisations, as well as a policy vacuum in both regional and central government. 相似文献