Response of antioxidase in viscera of Pagrosuma Major larvae to water soluble fraction of hydrocarbons in No.0 diesel oil

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｑｕａｔｉｃｆａｒｍｓｌａｒｇｅｒｔｈａｎ 1 4ｋｍ2 ａｒｅｌｏｃａｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｐａｒｔｏｆＷｅｓｔＨａｒｂｏｒ,ＸｉａｍｅｎＭｕｎｉｃｉｐａｌｉｔｙｏｆＣｈｉｎａ.Ｔｈｅｓｅｆａｒｍｓａｒｅｕｎｄｅｒｇｒｅａｔｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｓｔｒｅｓｓｏｗｉｎｇｔｏｒａｐｉｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ.Ｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ,ｄｅｔｅｒｉｏｒａｔｉｎｇｆｒｅｓｈｗａｔｅｒｆｉｓｈｅｒｙ,ｃｏｎｃｏｍｉｔａｎｔｗｉｔｈｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｍｏｒ…     

Levels of airborne man-made mineral fibres in U.K. dwellings. I—Fibre levels during and after installation of insulation

This paper gives the details of airborne levels of man-made mineral fibres (MMMF) found during installation of loft insulation in 12 dwellings. About 250 samples of air were collected and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Respirable fibre levels measured in static samples collected in the lofts during installation generally were < 0.1 f ml⁻¹. In living spaces respirable fibre levels were< 0.006 f ml⁻¹. Personal samples on the installers gave < 1 f ml⁻¹, with the exception of a fine glass fibre blanket. A few selected samples were also analyzed by phase contrast optical microscopy (PCOM) which showed lower values than those recorded by TEM. Static gravimetric concentrations in the lofts were in the 0.3–6.5 mg m⁻³ range, and in the living spaces 0.11–0.44 mg m⁻³, but in both environments most of this dust was not MMMF.     

Competition of the acitive roots of Cassia siamea Lam. and Zea mays L. (cv. Katumani Composite B) in an alley cropping trial in semi-arid Kenya

A study on root competition in alley cropping was carried out in an agroforestry system, involving Cassia siamea Lam. and maize (Zea mays L. cv. Katumani composite B). The existence and intensity of root competition in the top soil as manifested by the distribution of the active roots of cassia and maize, in space and time, was assessed. The root length density of maize was far greater than that of cassia in the upper 10 cm, implying that cassia was not competing with maize for water and/or nutrients at that depth. However, at maize crop tasselling and grain filling stages there was a marked overlap of roots of the two plants at lower depths (20-50 cm). This varied with distance from the cassia hedge in a way that there was a tendency for highest overlap near middle maize rows. This partly explained observed yield differences. Therefore cassia may not be a suitable choice for alley cropping with maize under semi-arid conditions on non-sloping land, unless most of its active roots can be properly managed to absorb resources below the feeding rhizosphere of the active maize roots.     

Levels of airborne man-made mineral fibres in U.K. dwellings. II—Fibre levels during and after some disturbance of loft insulation

In this study airborne levels of MMMF were determined in 11 dwellings during and after disturbance of loft insulation. The disturbance was in two stages.

• 1.(a) Minor disturbance. Household items (such as suitcases) stored in the lofts were moved around for about 10 min. The disturbance to the insulation material was kept to a minimum.
• 2.(b) Major disturbance. Insulation wools were physically handled for about 30 min, simulating the disturbance associated with activities such as rewiring or plumbing.

About 250 samples of air were collected on membrane filters and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in conjunction with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. A few selected samples were analyzed by phase contrast optical microscopy (PCOM). During physical disturbance of the insulation, fibre levels in lofts measured over a 4-h period were up to 0.03 f ml⁻¹. Personal exposure during the disturbance activity was up to 0.2 f ml⁻¹. Contamination of the living space was not detected even though the access door to the loft remained open throughout the disturbance and sampling period.     

Effect of excessive cadmium chloride on the plasmids of E. coli HB 101 in vivo

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣａｄｍｉｕｍｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｏｌｕｔａｎｔｓ．Ｉｔｉｓｖｅｒｙｔｏｘｉｃｔｏｂｉｏｌｏｇｙ（Ｂａｒｂｅｒ，１９９４；Ｃｏｌａｒｄ，１９９０；Ｇｏｙｅｒ，１９９５；Ｎａｓｓｉｒｉ，...     

Comparison of physiological responses to oxidative and .heavymetal stress in seedlings of rice paddy, Oryza sativa L.

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＯｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓｌｉｖｉｎｇｕｎｄｅｒｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｓｔｒｅｓｓｖａｒｉｅｄｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｓ,ｆｒｏｍｃｈａｎｇｅｓｉｎｇｒｏｓｓｍｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇｙｔｏｃｈａｎｇｅｓｉｎｂｉｏｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ .Ｐｌａｎｔｓｉｎｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｈａｖｅｅｖｏｌｖｅｄｄｉｖｅｒｓｅｗａｙｓｏｆｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇｔｏａｄｖｅｒｓｅｃｈａｎｇｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｉｒｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ.Ｐｌａｎｔｓｏｖｅｒｃｏｍｅｓｅｖｅｒｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｓｔｒｅｓｓｂｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉ…     

Use of Azotobacter sp.as an indicator to detect the toxicity of heavy metals in soils

A physiological strain of microorganism - Azotobacter sp. has been adopted as an indicator to detect the toxicity of heavy metals in soils. The concentration of heavy metals to which Azotobacter sp. was behaving initially to have the resistance to heavy metals is defined as the critical poisoning concentration. The method of physiological threshold adopted can have a quantitative determination with reproducible results. The determined critical poisoning concentration is basically consistent with the results of heavy metals and arsenic toxicities to the bacteria reported recently in literatures. Total 9 typical soils, including 6 zonal soils and 3 purple soils, in the whole country were determined for the toxicities of 5 heavy metals and arsenic to Azotobacter sp. that resulted in 48 critical poisoning concentrations.     

Competition of the active roots of Cassia siamea Lam. and Zea mays L.(cv.Katumani Composite B) in an alley cropping trial in semi arid Kenya

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＯｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｄｒａｗｂａｃｋｓｏｆａｌｌｅｙｃｒｏｐｐｉｎｇｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｉｎｓｅｍｉａｒｉｄｌｏｗｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｔｙｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｉｓｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎｆｏｒａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅｗａｔｅｒａｎｄｎｕｔｒｉｅｎｔｓ．Ｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎｉｓｔｏｂｅｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄｉｆｔｈｅｔｒｅｅａｎｄｔｈｅｃｒｏｐｈａｖｅｏｖｅｒｌａｐｐｉｎｇａｃｔｉｖｅｒｏｏｔｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｉｎｓｐａｃｅａｎｄｔｉｍｅ．Ａｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｐａｔｉａｌｄｉｓｔｒ…     

Assessment of air pollution genotoxicity by RAPD in Evernia prunastri L. Ach. from around iron-steel factory in Karab¨uk, Turkey

Lichens are widely used in biomonitoring studies of air pollution, either as bioindicators of air quality or as bioaccumulators of atmospheric deposition. Over the past decade, several molecular techniques have been developed to provide information on diversity, genotoxicology, genetic relationships, etc. The heavy metal contents of Evernia prunastri samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction (RAPD-PCR) method was used to describe the pattern of DNA band variation in the samples influenced by the environmental pollution. The study was designed to describe the level of pollution in an area contaminated with smoke and waste from an iron-steel factory, and to reveal the level of potential genotoxic agents around this source of pollution. The study also examined the suitability of the lichen samples for the detection of genotoxicity.     

Metal pollution in relation to mass outbreaks of Dendrolimus punctatus Walker on Pinus massoniana Lamb. in China

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｔｉｓｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙａｓｓｕｍｅｄｔｈａｔａｃｉｄｒａｉｎ，ｂｉｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｏｚｏｎｅ，ｍｅｔａｌｆａｌｌｏｕｔｏｒｓｏｍｅｏｔｈｅｒｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｃａｕｓｅｆｏｒｅｓｔｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｐｈｙｔｏｔｏｘｅｍｉａｓｗｈｉｃｈｓｈｏｗｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃｓｙｍｐｔｏｍｓｏｆｄｉｓｅａｓｅ．Ｉｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｓｈｏｗｎｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙｔｈａｔｓｕｃｈｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓｙｍｐｔｏｍｓｍａｙｒｅａｌｌｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｔｒｅｅｓｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｙａ…     

Unveiling the performance of a novel alkalizing bacterium Enterobacter sp. LYX-2 in immobilization of available Cd

A novel alkalizing strain Enterobacter sp.LYX-2 that could resist 400 mg/L Cd was isolated from Cd-contaminated soil,which immobilized 96.05% Cd²⁺ from medium.Cd distribution analysis demonstrated that more than half of the Cd²⁺ was converted into extracellular precipitated Cd through mobilization of the alkali-producing mechanism by the strain LYX-2,achieving the high immobilization efficiency of Cd²⁺.Biosorption experiments revealed that strain LYX-2 had superi...     

Effect of excessive cadmium chloride on the plasmids of E. coli HB101 in vivo

After Escherichia coli HB101 with plasmid pWH58, pWH98, or pTBa₅ were cultered respectively in amp LB broth which contained 50 mg/L CdCl₂ constantly for 24h, these plasmids were isolated from E. coli, and the effect of excessive CdCl₂ on the E. coli HB101 and plasmid DNA was studied by surveying the growth of E. coli HB101 and plasmid, argarose gel electrophoresis and analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of plasmids, and plasmid transformation. The results showed that 50 mg/L CdCl₂ treatment lagged the growth of E. coli HB101 for at least 4h, but after grown for 24h there were not significant differences in the growths of E. coli HB101s and the productions of plasmids between the treatment and control. These results implified that E. coli HB101 have induced adaptability to cadmium stress and excessive CdCl₂ did not inhibit the replication and amp + genes expression of plasmid DNA in vivo of E. coli significantly. 50 mg/L CdCl₂ treatment for 24 hours might cause the sequences change of plasmid DNA, but could not lead to the random breakage of plasmid DNA strands. Moreover, after 50 mg/L of CdCl₂ treatment in vivo the transformation activities of plasmid did not altered, implied excessive CdCl₂ could not affect the superhelical structure of plasmid and also not break the loop of plasmid DNA evidently.     

Acidification and change of physicochemical propertiesof Mt. Heng soils in last 34 years

ＡｃｉｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｃｈａｎｇｅｏｆｐｈｙｓｉｃｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆＭｔ．Ｈｅｎｇｓｏｉｌｓｉｎｌａｓｔ３４ｙｅａｒｓＤａｉＺｈａｏｈｕａ；ＬｉｕＹｕｎｘｉａ；ＷａｎｇＸｉｎｇＪｕｎ；ＺｈａｏＤｉａｎｗｕ（Ｒｅｓｅａ...     

Chemical characteristics of aerosols at coastal station in Hong Kong.Ⅱ.Environmental behavior of trace elements during the April 1995 to April 1996

An one-year of sampling aerosol program was carried out during the period of April 1995 to April 1996 at coastal region, Cape D‘Aguilar, in Hong Kong. The trace element composition of aerosol particles(TSP and PM10) were measured and analyzed by using the Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis(INAA) and Inductive Couple Plasma-Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS) techniques. The results showed that the polluted elements such as: V, Zn, As, Pb, Cd, Sb, I, Se, Bi, with high enrichment factor( E. F) values, are derived from anthropogenic sources ,while Sc, AI, Fe, Mn, Sm, La, Sr are less than 10 in E. F, these elements are related the crust and soil. The concentration of the trace elements are present seasonal variation i.e. summer low and winter high, whereas the V or noncrustal V(V^* ) present summer high and winter low, this phenomenon might be explained by local or regional oil combustion sources. Use three type of elemental ratio, e.g. La/Sm, Mn^*/V^* and Bi/Al indicate that both TSP and PM10 of La/Sm ratios are mainly related to soil and dust, Mn^*/V^* are probably represent fossil combustion and Bi/Al are possibly associated with refuse incineration, ferromanganese alloys and aluminum production. The varimax rotation factor analysis for trace elements was performed. By means of the absolute principal component analysis (APCA) and multiple regression, the contribution of trace elements to possible sources and overall means of trace elements were estimated. The results showed that the present station is impacted by the anthropogenic species, although the quantities are different during the summertime and wintertime.     

Chemical characteristics of aerosols at coastal station in Hong Kong.Ⅱ.Environmental behavior of trace elements during the April 1995 to April 1996

An one-year of sampling aerosol program was carried out during the period of April 1995 to April 1996 atcoastal region, Cape D'Aguilar, in Hong Kong. The trace element composition of aerosol particles(TSP and PM10)were measured and analyzed by using the Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Inductive CouplePlasma-Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS) techniques. The results showed that the polluted elements such as: V, Zn,As, Pb, Cd, Sb, I, Se, Bi, with high enrichment factor( E. F) values, are derived from anthropogenic sources ,while Sc, Al, Fe, Mn, Sm, La, Sr are less than 10 in E. F, these elements are related the crust and soil. Theconcentration of the trace elements are present seasonal variation i.e. summer low and winter high, whereas the Vor noncrustal V(V* ) present summer high and winter low, this phenomenon might be explained by local or regionaloil combustion sources. Use three type of elemental ratio, e.g. La/Sm, Mn* /V* and Bi/Al indicate that both TSPand PM10 of La/Sm ratios are mainly related to soil and dust, Mn*/V* are probably represent fossil combustion andBi/Al are possibly associated with refuse incineration, ferromanganese alloys and aluminum production. The varimaxrotation factor analysis for trace elements was performed. By means of the absolute principal component analysis(APCA) and multiple regression, the contribution of trace elements to possible sources and overall means of traceelements were estimated. The results showed that the present station is impacted by the anthropogenic species,although the quantities are different during the summertime and wintertime.     

Characteristics of change of humic substance in soil in degraded grass lands

ＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｃｈａｎｇｅｏｆｈｕｍｉｃｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅｉｎｓｏｉｌｉｎｄｅｇｒａｄｅｄｇｒａｓｌａｎｄｓＳｈｅｎｇＸｕｅｂｉｎＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ...     

Effect of water regimes and organic matters on transport of arsenic in summer rice （Oryza sativa L.）

The arsenic contamination in soil-water-plant systems is a major concern of where, the groundwater is being contaminated with arsenic (above 0.01 mg/L) in the Indian subcontinent. The study was conducted with organic matter to find out the reducing e ect on arsenic load to rice (cv. Khitish). It was observed that intermittent ponding reduced arsenic uptake (23.33% in root, 13.84% in shoot and 19.84% in leaf) at panicle initiation stage, instead of continuous ponding. A decreasing trend of arsenic accumulation (root > straw > husk > whole grain > milled grain) was observed in di erent plant parts at harvest. Combined applications of lathyrus + vermicompost + poultry manure reduced arsenic transport in plant parts (root, straw, husk, whole grains and milled grain) which was significantly at par (p > 0.05) with chopped rice straw (5 tons/ha ) + lathyrus green manuring (5 tons/ha) in comparison to control and corresponding soils. A significant negative correlation of arsenic with phosphorus (grain P with arsenic in di erent parts R2= 0.627–0.726 at p > 0.01) was observed. Similarly, soil arsenic had a negative correlation with soil available phosphorus (R2 = 0.822 at p > 0.001) followed by soil nitrogen (R2= 0.762 at p > 0.01) and soil potassium (R2 = 0.626 at p > 0.01). Hence, e ective management of contaminated irrigation water along with organic matter could reduce the arsenic build up to plants and soil.