燃煤发电厂烟塔合一环境影响之一——烟气抬升高度的对比计算

介绍了德国导则规范的计算冷却塔排放烟气抬升高度的S/P模式.利用S/P模式做不同大气稳定度条件下不同环境风速的烟气抬升对比计算;确定了同等条件下不同烟气排放速度对烟气抬升高度的影响.作为对比,计算了同样烟气排放量情况下通过烟囱排放烟气的抬升高度.计算结果表明,在弱风状况下从冷却塔排放的烟气由于热力作用其抬升高度比从烟囱排放显著提高.个例计算结果表明,在极不稳定状况下,当风速大于4.5m/s时,冷却塔排放烟气抬升高度低于烟囱排放烟气.      

环境影响评价中烟气抬升公式的应用比较研究--以某发电厂项目为例

归纳出国内、外关于烟气抬升高度计算的14种经验公式,并以某发电厂项目为例,用其中9个公式详细计算其烟气抬升高度,比较了各种烟气抬升高度计算公式的不同,总结出其中的规律并分析原因。     

湿法烟气脱硫应用中的几个问题探讨

对火电厂应用石灰石 石膏法烟气脱硫中遇到的几个实际问题进行分析和讨论 ,重点讨论分析了湿法烟气脱硫和烟气温度、烟气抬升高度、烟气扩散的关系 ,并分析了湿法烟气脱硫对烟囱产生的腐蚀影响     

2×300 MW机组烟塔合一方案大气环境影响分析

受机场附近160 m限高制约,辽宁某电厂需采用烟塔合一技术. 运用德国AUSTAL2000模型分析了环境风速、大气稳定度、烟气出口速度、烟气出口温度等参数与烟气抬升高度间的关系,预测了烟塔排放的大气环境影响,并且与烟囱方案的大气环境影响进行了对比分析. 结果表明,各类参数变化均会导致烟气抬升高度发生改变. 环境风速不变,稳定度从A变到F时,抬升高度明显变小,最多可降低84.2%;相同稳定度条件下,环境风速从0.1 m/s增至4.4 m/s时,抬升高度明显变小,最多可降低84.3%;烟气出口速度从2.5 m/s增至8.0 m/s,抬升高度显著增加,最多为2.4倍;烟气出口温度从20 ℃增至50 ℃时,烟气抬升高度显著增加,最多为3.3倍. 综合经济及环保因素,该项目烟塔高度取130 m较适宜. 相比210 m烟囱方案,烟塔方案不仅满足机场限空要求,并且污染物年均及日均最大地面浓度均较低.      

积分比值法计算室内火灾烟气层分界面高度值的研究

在室内火灾双区域模型中,对火灾烟气层分界面高度值的判定具有重要意义,对其计算方法进行了研究。鉴于烟熏痕迹法和N百分比法存在的主观性和经验性的局限,介绍了一种积分比值法,给出了计算公式并采用Fortran95实现了编程计算。通过FDS5.0模拟了一种火灾场景,根据模拟得到的不同高度处的温度均值,应用积分比值法计算出了烟气层高度值,并将其与模拟得到的烟气层高度值进行了比较,结果表明两者较为吻合,应用积分比值法计算烟气层高度是可行的、准确的。     

动力与热力抬升对烟气抬升高度的影响分析

通过模式选择和计算,得出烟气抬升高度的增加与动能和热能的关系,表明当烟囱出口处风速分别为3 m/s、2 m/s和1 m/s时欲增加同样大小的烟气抬升高度,需要的动能比热能要高,结论认为烟气的热力提升比动力提升的贡献大。     

激光探测烟羽抬升高度

利用红宝石激光雷达.探测了某发电厂所排放烟羽的抬升高度,并与几种有代表性的烟气抬升高度公式进行了分析比较.     

烟塔合一项目烟气抬升影响因素分析

以德国空气清洁标准(VDI3784标准)所规定的冷却塔排烟抬升高度的计算方法(S/P模式)为基础,分别针对气象参数及源排放参数对烟塔合一项目烟气抬升高度的影响进行比较分析.气象参数中大气稳定度的变化对烟气抬升的平均影响大于环境风速的影响.随着稳定度从强不稳定(A类)到强稳定(F类)变化,烟气抬升高度呈逐渐降低趋势,平均...     

船舶烟气海水脱硫吸收塔工艺研究与设计

针对船舶烟气中SO2的处理工艺,根据烟气流量、烟气中SO2含量,从塔径、填料层类型和高度、液体喷嘴数量、除雾装置4个方面进行了相关参数设计和计算,最终给出了在现有烟气流量和含硫量条件下的船舶用海水脱硫吸收塔的具体参数.同时考虑烟气中含硫量的变化,并保证能够完全脱除烟气中的SO2,设置四排液体喷嘴,通过有限元分析软件FLUENT,根据出口处含硫量、塔内压力分布和流速分布优化了不同含硫量条件下喷嘴的启停方式.     

托盘式烟气脱硫喷淋塔空塔冷态流场数值模拟

以600MW机组多孔合金托盘喷淋塔为研究对象,利用国际流行的商用CFD(ComputationalFluidDynamics)软件Fluent及其前处理软件Gambit对烟气脱硫立式喷淋空塔的流场进行二维数值模拟。计算中选用模型作为计算模型,用SIMPLE算法进行计算。计算结果表明,喷淋塔的烟气入口角度以及多孔合金托盘的安装高度对塔内流场分布有一定的影响,安装托盘后气速明显均匀化,斜切式烟气进口流场分布较直进式均匀,还获得了合适的托盘安装高度。     

Numerical simulation of small area fires

Plume dynamics and smoke injection into the atmosphere from large area fires ensuing a nuclear exchange are currently simulated by prescribed burns of smaller areas (radius < 1 km). The extent to which small area fire plumes accurately characterize those from larger urban fires (radius > 5 km) is not well established. A ‘large’ fire has a radius comparable to the stratification scale height of the atmosphere. Numerical simulations of smoke plumes and condensed-moisture clouds generated by small area fires are presented for three fire sizes and two ignition patterns for ‘average’ September Pacific Northwest atmospheric conditions. We find that the plume rise from small area fires is governed by the total heat release and entrainment, whereas that from large area fires is controlled primarily by the fire heating rate per unit area and the atmospheric stratification.     

燃煤陶瓷窑炉黑烟净化技术研究

利用一种自配的表面活性剂溶液进行了吸收燃煤陶瓷窑炉黑烟的试验研究。试验结果表明:当入口含尘浓度为800￣1500mg/m3,气流速度为13￣15m/s时,液位高度为30mm时,除尘效率达到95%以上。     

烟度自动监测仪

烟度自动监测仪是一种能昼夜连续自动监测锅炉排放烟气黑度的现代化仪器,它具有自动采样,显示,存贮,运算等功能,整机采用单片机控制,对实测和运算值进行数字显示,及时监测烟气排放是否超标,机内还设计了断电保护装置,即使连续断电半年,数据仍不丢失,断电恢复后,仪器能自动启动并连续运行,机内可存贮连续半年的监测有效数据。该机也同样适用于水泥、陶瓷、化工等行业的粉尘及烟尘监测,只需改变软件程序,仍可达到同样的     

蚊香燃烧产物中多环芳烃的分布规律及相关性研究

对蚊香燃烧后的烟气和灰烬样品进行采集,利用GC-MS方法分析其中16种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量,并对烟气和灰烬中各PAHs组分及总量间的相关关系进行探讨.结果表明:蚊香烟气中16种PAHs均有检出,排放量较大的组分主要有萘、苊、二氢苊、菲和荧蒽,并以2～3环PAHs为主;灰烬中PAHs也以2～3环化合物为主,但排放总量仅为烟气中的4.7%～21.8%.通过与其他室内燃烧源PAHs排放量的对比发现,蚊香灰烬中总PAHs排放量低于卫生香源和木柴源,但比香烟源高一个数量级以上;烟气中总PAHs排放量低于燃煤源、木柴源和卫生香源,但明显高于烹调源.回归分析结果表明,烟气中总PAHs排放量与灰烬中的排放量表现出明显的线性关系(R2=0.9054).     

Preliminary studies of video images of smoke dispersion in the near wake of a model building

A summary of analyses of video images of smoke in a wind tunnel study of dispersion in the near wake of a model building is presented. The analyses provide information on both the instantaneous and time-average patterns of dispersion. Since the images represent vertically-integrated or crosswind-integrated smoke concentration, only the primary spatial and temporal scales of pollutant dispersion can be examined. Special graphic displays of the results are presented to assist in the data interpretation. The video image format is shown to have great potential as an easily quantifiable electronic medium for studying the dispersion of smoke.     

Smoke emission and burning rates for urban structures

Cribs, ordered arrays of sticks, were burned to mimic post-nuclear building fires. As the packing density of the cribs was increased to simulate blast damage, the smoke yield increased and the smoke changed from strongly light absorbing to whitish in color. A ventilation parameter proportional to the ratio of the crib vent area to the total fuel surface area correlated the burning rate and smoke yield data for both large (3.81 cm stick thickness) and small (0.64 cm stick thickness) scale cribs. The globally averaged smoke optical depth inferred from the burning of the wood cribs is in the low range of Penner's (1986, Nature324, 222–226) estimate. The smoke yield for freely burning cribs containing wood, gypsum, and plastic can be accounted for based on the high sooting yield of the plastic by itself.     

隧道侧部集中排烟模式下排烟速率对烟气层吸穿的影响研究

排烟速率是公路隧道侧部集中排烟模式下烟气层发生吸穿现象最为直接的影响因素.为研究隧道侧部集中排烟模式下烟气层发生吸穿现象的临界条件,分析了隧道侧部集中排烟过程中排烟口处烟气层的受力情况以及不同排烟速率对烟气层吸穿的影响,并结合前人相关的研究成果,进一步分析得到隧道侧部集中排烟模式下排烟口下方烟气层发生吸穿时的临界弗洛德...     

Cloud droplet nucleation by crude oil smoke and coagulated crude oil/wood smoke particles

Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) measurements are reported, taken on smoke aerosol particle samples generated from the combustion of small quantities of high- and low-sulfur crude oils. The smoke samples were stored in 6 m³ aging bags, and were analyzed over aging times of more than 50 h. Up to 58% of the high-sulfur crude oil smoke particles were found to be active as CCN at water supersaturation of 1% or less, while 20% were active in the low-sulfur case. Ion chromatography data show the presence of small quantities of inorganic and organic compounds which may be the cause of the CCN activity. The low-sulfur crude oil smoke particles were mixed with wood smoke particles, to see if the resulting aggregates are active as CCN.