Toxicity evaluation in a paper recycling mill effluent by coupling bioindicator of aging with the toxicity identification evaluation method in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) can be used to determine the specific toxicant(s) in industrial effluents.In the current study,the authors have attempted to combine the advantages of the model organism,Caenorhabditis elegans,with the virtues of the TIE technique,to evaluate and identify the toxicity on aging from a paper recycling mill effluent.The results indicate that only the toxicities from mixed cellulose (MC) filtration and EDTA treatment are similar to the baseline aging toxicity,suggesting ...     

Confirmation of combinational effects of calcium with other metals in a paper recycling mill effluent on nematode lifespan with toxicity identification evaluation method

We used toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) method to confirm the combinational e ects of identified toxic metals in a paper recycling mill e uent in inducing the decreased lifespan in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Exposure to Ca + Al caused more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca, or Al; and exposure to Ca + Fe induced more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca, or Fe. Exposure to Ca+Al+Fe caused more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca, or Ca+Fe. Moreover, the baseline toxicity on lifespan was doubled by doubling the concentration of combined metals (Ca+Al+Fe) in spiking test in original e uent (oe), and lifespan defects in oe+Ca+Al+Fe exposed nematodes were more severe than that in Ca+Al+Fe exposed nematode. Therefore, Ca+Al+Fe exposure may largely explain the formation of decreased lifespan induced by the examined industrial e uent. Furthermore, the observed reduction of lifespan induced by the combination of high level of Ca with other metals may be at least partially independent of the insulin-like pathway.     

利用秀丽线虫开展毒性鉴别评价技术研究

水体与沉积物毒性鉴别评价(TIE)技术是近些年来环境科学领域广泛应用的技术。秀丽线虫是目前广泛应用于环境毒物评价与毒理学研究的模式动物。在综述中,总结了利用秀丽线虫进行工业废水毒物鉴别与毒性评价的研究进展,并分析了秀丽线虫应用于TIE技术的优势以及局限性。在此基础上,对秀丽线虫在TIE技术中的进一步应用提出了相应的建议。     

Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model animal for assessing the toxicity induced by microcystin-LR

Among more than 75 variants of microcystin(MC),microcystin-LR(MC-LR) is one of the most common toxins.In this study,the feasibility of using Caenorhabditis elegans to evaluate MC-LR toxicity was studied.C.elegans was treated with MC-LR at different concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 80 μg/L.The results showed that MC-LR could reduce lifespan,delay development,lengthen generation time,decrease brood size,suppress locomotion behavior,and decreases hsp-16-2-gfp expression.The endpoints of generation time,brood...     

久效磷对秀丽隐杆线虫运动、学习和觅食行为的影响

久效磷(MCP)是一种广谱类内吸附性有机磷农药和潜在的神经毒剂,能够对非靶生物产生神经毒性作用,而行为毒性是神经毒性的主要表现形式. 以运动、学习与觅食行为、乙酰胆碱酯酶活性为指标,研究了久效磷对非靶生物——秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans,下称线虫)行为的影响. 结果显示:经0.5、5.0和50.0 mg/L久效磷暴露后,各暴露组线虫头部摆动和身体弯曲频率均极显著降低,0.5 mg/L暴露组线虫向前摆动频率显著减少,5.0和50.0 mg/L暴露组线虫向前摆动频率极显著减少;5.0和50.0 mg/L暴露组线虫在NaCl存在和缺少食物条件下,对NaCl的趋向性极显著升高;与对照组相比,50.0 mg/L暴露组线虫菌落接触率在2、4、6、8 h时均显著降低,在24 h时极显著降低;各暴露组线虫的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性均受到极显著抑制. 表明久效磷能够导致线虫运动、学习与觅食行为的严重缺陷,乙酰胆碱酯酶活性抑制与久效磷对线虫运动行为的影响呈正相关,与其学习行为的影响呈负相关.      

Induction of chemotaxis to sodium chloride and diacetyl and thermotaxis defects by microcystin-LR exposure in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Apart from the liver disruption, embryotoxicity and genotoxicity, microcystin (MC)-LR also could cause neurotoxicity. Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was explored as a model to study the neurotoxicity. In the present study, we provided evidence to indicate the neurotoxicity on chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl, and thermotaxis from MC-LR exposure to C. elegans. As a result, higher concentrations of MC-LR caused significantly severe defects of chemotaxis to NaC1 and diacetyl, and thermotaxis. The neurotoxicity on chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl, and thennotaxis from MC-LR exposure might be largely mediated by the damage on the corresponding sensory neurons (ASE, AWA, and AFD) and interneuron AIY. The expression levels of che-1 and odr-7 were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in animals exposed to MC-LR at concentrations lower than 10 μg/L, whereas the expression levels of ttx-1 and ttx-3 could be significantly (P<0.01) lowered in animals even exposed to 1 μg/L of MC-LR. Moreover, both the chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl and the thermotaxis were more significantly reduced m MC-LR exposed mutants of che-1(p674), odr-7(ky4), ttx-1(p767), and ttx-3(ks5) than those in exposed wild-type N2 animals at the same concentrations.     

Adverse effects of metal exposure on chemotaxis towards water-soluble attractants regulated mainly by ASE sensory neuron in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants is mainly controlled by ASE sensory neuron whose specification is regulated by che-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our data suggested that exposure to high concentrations of metals, such as Pb, Cu, Ag, and Cr, would result in severe defects of chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants of NaCl, cAMP, and biotin. Moreover, the morphology of ASE neuron structures as observed by relative fluorescent intensities and relative size of fluorescent puncta of cell bodies, relative lengths of sensory endings in ASE neurons, and the expression patterns of che-1 were obviously altered in metal exposed animals when they meanwhile exhibited obvious chemotaxis defects to water-soluble attractants. In addition, the dendrite morphology could be noticeably changed in animals exposed to 150 mol/L of Pb, Cu, and Ag. Furthermore, we observed significant decreases of chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants in Pb exposed che-1 mutant at concentrations more than 2.5 mol/L, and in Cu, Ag, and Cr exposed che-1 mutant at concentrations more than 50 mol/L. Therefore, impairment of the ASE neuron structures and functions may largely contribute to the appearance of chemotaxis defects to water-soluble attractants in metal exposed nematodes.     

Integration of biological method and membrane technology in treating palm oil mill e uent

Palm oil industry is the most important agro-industry in Malaysia, but its by-product–palm oil mill e uent (POME), posed a great threat to water environment. In the past decades, several treatment and disposal methods have been proposed and investigated to solve this problem. A two-stage pilot-scale plant was designed and constructed for POME treatment. Anaerobic digestion and aerobic biodegradation constituted the first biological stage, while ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane units were combined as the second membrane separation stage. In the anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor, about 43% organic matter in POME was converted into biogas, and COD reduction e ciency reached 93% and 22% in EGSB and the following aerobic reactor, respectively.With the treatment in the first biological stage, suspended solids and oil also decreased to a low degree. All these alleviated the membrane fouling and prolonged the membrane life. In the membrane process unit, almost all the suspended solids were captured by UF membranes, while RO membrane excluded most of the dissolved solids or inorganic salts from RO permeate. After the whole treatment processes, organic matter in POME expressed by BOD and COD was removed almost thoroughly. Suspended solids and color were not detectable in RO permeate any more, and mineral elements only existed in trace amount (except for K and Na). The high-quality e uent was crystal clear and could be used as the boiler feed water.     

Assessment of locomotion behavioral defects induced by acute toxicity from heavy metal exposure in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Locomotion behaviors are susceptible to disruption by a broad spectrum of chemicals and environmental stresses. However, no systematic testing of locomotion behavior defects induced by metal exposure has been conducted in the model organism of nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In this study, the acute toxicity from heavy metal exposure on the locomotion behaviors was analyzed in nematodes. Endpoints of head thrash, body bend, forward turn, backward turn, and Omega/U turn were chosen to evaluate the locomotio...     

化工废水处理中关键有毒物质追踪

江苏省某化工厂废水设施的进、出水经Daphnia magna急性毒性试验，结果表明该废水在处理前、后均显示毒性。采用毒性鉴别评价(TIE，toxicity identification evaluation)的试验程序，对处理系统的进、出水进行了关键毒物的鉴别和评价。发现进水中存在的关键毒物为金属铜离子，而出水中存在的关键毒物为氨。该厂原废水毒性已基本被去除，毒性去除率为99．93％。因此，在该厂废水处理过程中金属离子尤其是铜离子已基本被去除，而氨在废水处理中的去除并不明显。     

地下油罐泄漏区污染源的自动识别

地下油罐泄漏隐蔽性大,不易被及时发现,而且泄漏出的烃类化合物毒性强,对地下水会造成严重污染.为了对某一地下油罐污染源位置和强度进行准确识别,本研究结合现场调查结果,建立了该地下油罐泄漏区的石油污染物反应运移模型.在基本确定污染源泄漏区范围的前提下,进一步建立地下油罐泄漏区污染源的识别模型,并利用遗传算法对泄漏区污染源的位置和泄漏强度进行了自动识别,进而通过参数敏感性分析来评价和比较不同参数对污染物运移结果的影响.结果表明,运移模型中与地下水流场变化相关的特征参数（如开采量、水力坡度、渗透系数等）对污染物运移结果的影响相对比较明显.对于污染源来说,研究不同污染组分在含水层中的化学和生物化学变化显得尤为重要.