2013年莱州湾海域营养盐的平面分布及季节变化规律

依据2013年6、8、10、11月对莱州湾4个航次的调查资料,分析了该海域不同季节溶解无机氮(DIN)、活性磷酸盐(PO4-P)平面分布及季节变化特征。结果表明,2013年莱州湾DIN和PO4-P均呈现出较明显的季节差异。其中,夏季受陆源输入显著影响,DIN和PO4-P浓度最高,50%的站位DIN含量超四类海水水质标准;其次为秋季,45%的站位DIN含量超四类海水水质标准,而春季最低,31.25%的站位DIN含量超四类海水水质标准。4个月份PO4-P含量均满足一类海水水质标准。N/P比值总体处于较高水平,表明整个莱州湾海域处于磷限制潜在性富营养(ⅥP)水平。     

象山港海水中营养盐分布与富营养化特征分析

根据2005年春季(4～5月)、夏季(6～8月)、秋季(9～10月)共15个航次象山港海域海水营养盐等调查资料,分析了该海域海水中N,P,Si营养盐的分布特征、时空变化及其结构,评价了水质的富营养化状况.结果表明,DIN的平均浓度为0.6581ms/L,3个季节中DIN均以NO3-N浓度为最高,平均值为0.6084 mg/L,占总无机氮92.5%,是象山港中DIN的主要形式;P04-P的平均浓度为0.0314 mg/L,SiO3-Si的平均浓度为1.14 mg/L.研究发现,象山港海水中DIN和PO4-P的浓度分别是24 a前的2.53倍和1.43倍.象山港海域平均Si:P,N:P和Si:N值分别为44.5,54.0,0.94,其中N:P值是24 a前的2.06倍;因此,PO4-P为限制因素.按照营养状态指数值,象山港海域3个季节,不论表、底层海水均处于富营养化状态,港底附近海域富营养化程度高于港湾口,一旦气象条件适宜,从春季到秋季该区域随时都会发生赤潮灾害的可能.     

广西钦州湾营养状况季节分析与评价研究

根据2009年1月、4月、8月和11月对钦州湾海域调查结果,分析并评价了该海域营养状况的季节变化。结果表明,钦州湾海域总溶解无机氮(DIN)含量范围在0.023 mg/L~1.750 mg/L,硅酸盐(SiO3-Si)含量范围在0.027 mg/L~3.900 mg/L,磷酸盐(PO4-P)含量范围在0.001 mg/L~0.158 mg/L。NO3-N是DIN的主要存在形式,占62%~78%。不同的营养盐季节分布有所差异。DIN季节分布表现为夏季春季秋季冬季;PO4-P季节分布为春季秋季冬季夏季;SiO3-Si季节变化为夏季秋季春季冬季。从营养结构看,与Justic'等提出的营养盐化学计量限制标准比较符合P限制条件,PO4-P可能成为浮游植物生长的潜在限制因子。按照营养状态指数值,钦州湾海域春季、夏季和秋季表层海水处于富营养化状态,钦州湾内湾富营养化程度高,一旦水文气象条件适宜,从春季到秋季该区域随时都会发生赤潮灾害的可能。     

泉州安海湾营养盐特征及富营养化程度

根据2009年安海湾水质调查资料,研究了水体中溶解态无机氮(DIN)、活性磷酸盐(PO4-P)和化学需氧量(COD)的含量分布及该海域的富营养化程度.结果表明,DIN平均5.79 mg/L,主要以NH4-N形式存在,PO4-P平均0.064 mg/L,COD平均12.8mg/L,该海域已从1989年的贫营养水平转变为严...     

福建牙城湾海水、沉积物的环境特征及其质量评价

于2005年10月首次调查了福建牙城湾海域水体及沉积物的环境质量.结果表明,海水中主要超标污染物为PO4-P和DIN,其含量范围分别为0.029~0.037 mg/L和0.270~0.510 mg/L,其它指标均符合二类海水水质标准.沉积物中各项指标基本达到<海洋沉积物质量>的一类标准,其中Hg、Pb、Cu和Cd等四种重金属的平均含量分别为0.091×10-6、39.7×10-6、29.3×10-6和0.118 ×10-6,有机物和硫化物的平均含量分别为0.941×10-2和207 ×10-6.湾水水体已达到富营养状态,且N为限制因子.此外,对沉积物中重金属及其他环境因子间的相关性进行了分析.     

大连湾海域营养盐分布特征及其与环境因子的关系

根据2012年8月份和11月份对大连湾海水中溶解态营养盐的调查数据,对大连湾海域营养盐分布趋势、营养结构特征及其与环境因子的关系进行了分析,结果表明:无机氮(DIN)和活性硅酸盐(SiO3-Si)含量较历史研究数据明显增高,活性磷酸盐(PO4-P)含量则明显降低,并且8月份PO4-P和SiO3-Si含量均低于11月份,DIN相反;PO4-P、DIN和SiO3-Si的水平分布趋势基本一致,表现为由湾顶向湾口逐渐降低的趋势;PO4-P和NH4-N与温度、pH、化学需氧量(COD)、盐度(S)和表观耗氧量(AOU)均表现出显著的相关性,而NO2-N、SiO3-Si则仅与AOU表现出显著正相关关系;营养盐结构特征分析表明,海域海水中营养要素的主要限制元素为P。     

福建浮头湾海水及其沉积物的环境质量评价

2014年12月首次调查了福建浮头湾海域海水及其沉积物的环境质量。结果表明,海水中主要超标污染物为DIN,其含量范围为0294~0369mg/L;PO_4-P含量符合二类海水水质标准;其它指标均符合一类海水水质标准。研究海域水体已达到富营养化状态,且N为限制性因子。沉积物中各项指标均达到《海洋沉积物质量》(GB18668-2002)的一类标准。     

春季长江口邻近海域营养盐分布特征及污染状况研究

根据2003年5月1～11日对长江口邻近海域的现场调查数据,分析了该海域的营养盐分布特征以及富营养化状况,结果表明:长江口、杭州湾附近海域的营养盐分布总体规律呈现近岸高,向远海逐渐降低的趋势,在长江口存在明显的舌状分布高值区.调查海域DIN变化为1.83～50.60 μmol/L,PO4-P变化为0.22～0.85μmol/L,SiP3-Si变化为5.60～46.40μmol/L.此外.该海域已处于严重的富营养化状态,调查站位EI均大于1,最高可达57.95.其中DIN含量较高,表层和底层各有12.50%的站位超过四类海水水质标准,属于严重污染海域.     

近年来渤海湾赤潮监控区营养盐变化及其结构特征分析

根据2004~2006年进行的连续监测结果,分析、探讨了渤海湾赤潮监控区表层海水营养盐的污染现状、变化规律及其结构特征。结果表明:近年来,渤海湾赤潮监控区海域受到了DIP、DIN污染,水体处于严重的富营养化状态,且DIN的污染程度明显高于DIP;除个别项目外,渤海湾赤潮监控区以S4站营养盐含量最高,原因是S4站靠近河口,大量生活污水排放所致;在赤潮多发期,表层海水N、P、Si含量存在明显的月变化特征。6月份营养盐含量最低,8月份最高。年际变化表明:NH4-N的年际变化最为明显,表现为逐年递减的趋势,而SiO3-Si的年际变化最小。赤潮监控区DIN一直处于热力学平衡状态,NO3-N占DIN含量的57%~78%。近年来DIN/PO4-P和SiO3-Si/PO4-P逐年增加,而SiO3-Si/DIN则逐年降低。     

近5a来深圳大鹏湾南澳赤潮监控区营养盐变化及其结构特征

根据2004～2008年每年3～11月份深圳大鹏湾南澳赤潮监控区表层海水营养盐的监测基础资料,对监控区水域营养盐变化及其结构特征进行了分析评价。结果表明:近5 a监控区Si、N、P营养盐的空间波动程度存在明显年际差异,营养盐含量受监控区藻类等浮游植物的生命活动和陆源径流以及鱼、贝类新陈代谢强弱的共同影响。5 a来NO2-N、NH4-N和SiO3-Si的含量呈波动性升高,PO4-P含量保持稳定,NO3-N含量有所降低,Si∶P值上升比较明显,而N∶P和Si∶N值波动较大。2004～2005年监控区无机氮主要存在形式是NO3-N,2006～2008年主要存在形式为NH4-N。P一直是该海域初级生产力的主要潜在限制性因子。5 a来监控区海水符合养殖功能区的水质标准要求,未受到PO4-P和DIN营养盐的污染,处于贫营养状态。     

我国热带地区胶-茶-鸡农林复合系统物质循环研究

以海南省文昌市典型的胶-茶-鸡农林复合模式为研究对象 ,以单作胶园、胶茶间作园为对照 ,采用定量研究与定性分析相结合的方法 ,研究其物质循环规律。结果表明 ,胶-茶-鸡农林复合系统的氮、磷输入、输出量最大 ,系统外物质投入率比另两系统明显减少 ,系统内养分循环量增加 ,因此 ,该系统具有较合理的物质循环结构。     

区域性湖泊营养盐基准的适用性研究

营养盐基准是湖泊富营养化控制与管理的基础,目前多采用以生态分区为基础的基准确定方法.由于同一生态分区内湖泊间的差异性,对区域性湖泊营养盐基准的适用性需要做进一步的探究.本研究提出了基于响应关系的聚类方法(RCA),包括:(1)基于线性混合效应模型和平均绝对百分误差的层次聚类过程;(2)基于赤池信息准则(AIC)的模型选择过程.基于长时间数据的可得性,选择我国云贵湖区和东部湖区作为对象,采用RCA对叶绿素a与营养盐(总氮和总磷)之间的响应关系进行分析.结果发现,区域性响应关系对应的AIC值均为最高,模型权重均小于0.001,且可能导致生态谬误;表明区域性湖泊营养盐基准不能完全适用于生态分区内全部湖泊.该研究可为我国湖泊营养盐基准的空间尺度确定和浓度限值识别提供参考.     

红树林系统处理牲畜废水营养盐的研究

在2种盐度条件下（淡水与盐度30的人工海水）通过温室盆栽系统对比研究了2种主红树植物木榄和秋茄对牲畜废水的处理效应。牲畜废水的加入使植物体P含量增加1－4倍，N含量增加0.04-1.30倍。淡水条件 下秋茄和木榄系统N的处理效率分别为84.3%和95.5%，海水条件 下则为92.7%和98.0%，淡水条件下秋茄和木榄系统P的处理效率分别为79.2%和91.8%，海水条件下则为88.0%和97.8%，盐度对秋茄植物体N的去除无显著效应。2种植物体对P的处理效率为4％，远比N的处理效率低，废水来源的营养 盐大多被土壤去除。     

湄洲湾海域营养状态评价

根据１９９２年夏秋两季湄洲湾海域水质监测结果，应用营养质量指数法和营养指数法进行营养水平评价。评价结果表明：ＮＱＩ值在１６８～３９４范围内，平均值为２６６，Ｅ值在０２７～１６６范围内，平均值为０７１，湄洲湾海域属于中等营养水平，水质良好，但近岸局部海域已处于富营养水平。Ｎ／Ｐ比值为５７∶１，Ｎ是该海域控制因子     

Understanding nutrient build-up on urban road surfaces

This article discusses the outcomes of a research project on nutrients build-up on urban road surfaces.Nutrient build-up was investigated on road sites belonging to residential,industrial and commercial land use.Collected build-up samples were separated into five particle size ranges and were tested for total nitrogen (TN),total phosphorus (TP) and sub species of nutrients,namely,NO 2- ,NO 3- ,TKN and PO 43-.Multivariate analytical techniques were used to analyse the data and to develop detailed understanding on build- up.Data analysis revealed that the solids loads on urban road surfaces are highly influenced by factors such as land use,antecedent dry period and traffic volume.However,the nutrient build-up process was found to be independent of the type of land use.It was solely dependent on the particle size of solids build-up.Most of the nutrients were associated with the particle size range 150 μm.Therefore,the removal of particles below 150 μm from road surfaces is of importance for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from road surface solids build-up.It is also important to consider the difference in the composition of nitrogen and phosphorus build-up in the context of designing effective stormwater quality mitigation strategies.     

Laws of annual nutrient uptake in a Paulownia plantation

ＬａｗｓｏｆａｎｎｕａｌｎｕｔｒｉｅｎｔｕｐｔａｋｅｉｎａＰａｕｌｏｗｎｉａｐｌａｎｔａｔｉｏｎ￥ＷｕＧａｎｇ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｂ...     

Competition of bloom-forming marine phytoplankton at low nutrient concentrations

Competition of three bloom-forming marine phytoplankton (diatom Skeletonema costatum, and dinoflagellates Prorocentrum minimum and Alexandrium tamarense) was studied through a series of multispecies cultures with di erent nitrate (NaNO3) and phosphate (NaH2PO4) levels and excess silicate to interpret red tide algae succession. S. costatum outgrew the other two dinoflagellates in nitrate and phosphate replete cultures with 10 mol/L Na2SiO3. Under nitrate limited (8.82 mol/L NaNO3) conditions, the growth of S. costatum was also dominant when phosphate concentrations were from 3.6 to 108 mol/L. Cell density of the two dinoflagellates only increased slightly, to less than 400 and 600 cells/mL, respectively. Cell density of S. costatum decreased with time before day 12, and then increased to 4000 cells/mL (1.5 mg/L dry biomass) at NaNO3 concentrations between 88.2 and 882 mol/L with limited phosphate (0.36 mol/L NaH2PO4) levels. In addition, P. minimum grew well with a maximal cell density of 1690–2100 cells/mL (0.5–0.6 mg/L dry biomass). Although S. costatum initially grew fast, its cell density decreased quickly with time later in the growth phase and the two dinoflagellates were dominant under the nitrate-limited and high nitrate conditions with limited phosphate. These results indicated that the diatom was a poor competitor compared to the two dinoflagellates under limited phosphate; however, it grew well under limited nitrate when growth of the dinoflagellates was near detection limits.     

Water-saving irrigation of paddy field to reduce nutrient runoff

The purpose of this work is to study the effect of a type of water-saving irrigation (WSI) on nutrient runo of paddy field. The volume of surface drainage was maintained low by WSI. In particular, WSI e ectively reduced surface drainage in rain events. Model simulation indicated that net runo load of total nitrogen (TN) from the paddy field was increased by WSI. Meanwhile, net runo loads of total phosphorus (TP) and total organic carbon (TOC) from the paddy field was decreased by WSI. Because ponding waters of the study fields were enriched with TP and TOC, WSI reduced runo of these nutrients by controlling the volume of surface drainage. WSI could be considered an e cient method for reducing runo loads and could conserve water quality in an agricultural watershed.     

Growth and nutrient accumulation of Phragmites australis in relation to water level variation and nutrient loadings in a shallow lake

Shallow lake eutrophication is a global environmental issue. This study investigated the effects of water level variation and nutrient loadings on the growth and nutrient accumulation of Phragmites australis (reed) by field samplings in Baiyangdian Lake, the largest shallow lake of northern China. The field samplings were conducted in two sites of different nutrient loadings during the whole growth period of reeds, and three types of zones with different water depths were chosen for each site, including the terrestrial zone with water level below the ground, the ecotone zone with the water level varying from belowground to aboveground, and the submerged zone with water level above the ground. The result showed that reed growth was more limited by water level variation than nutrient loadings. The average stem lengths and diameters in terrestrial zones were about 26.3%-27.5% and 7.2%-12.0% higher than those in submerged zones, respectively. Similarly, the terrestrial status increased the aboveground biomass of reeds by 36.6%-51.8% compared with the submerged status. Both the nutrient concentrations and storages in the aboveground reeds were mainly influenced by the nutrient loadings in surface water and sediment rather than the water level variation of the reed growth environment, and the nutrient storages reached their maxima in late August or early September. It was observed that the maximum nitrogen storage occurred in the terrestrial zone with higher nutrient loadings, with the value of 74.5 g/m 2 . This study suggested that water level variation and nutrient loadings should be considered when using reeds to control and remediate eutrophication of shallow lakes.