三峡库区次级河流回水区环境因子对藻类生长影响的模拟实验研究

从三峡库区次级河流139m回水区采集水样,选用L9(34)正交表进行藻类培养试验,以Chla最大浓度作为指标选择适合藻类生长的适宜条件.结果表明,当控制水样温度为20℃、光照为8000lx、活性磷酸盐和溶解无机氮浓度分别为2.86μmol·L-1、85.71μmol·L-1时藻类生长最好;磷为限制该水域藻类生长的营养元素,藻类生长氮磷元素适宜摩尔比约为30:1.在适宜生长条件下,对数期藻细胞比生长率达到1.03d-1,稳定期Chla最大浓度达到110mg·m-3.     

主要环境因子对一株红色赤潮藻(Akashiwo sanguinea)生长的影响

以红色赤潮藻(Akashiwo sanguinea)为实验材料,系统分析了温度、光照、盐度环境因子对红色赤潮藻生长的影响。设置5个温度梯度(10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃和30℃),5个盐度梯度(20、25、30、35和40),5个光照梯度(500 lx、1 000 lx、2 000 lx、3 000 lx和4 000 lx)的实验处理,计算分析了不同培养条件下的最大藻细胞数量;并进行了温度、盐度两因素的正交实验。结果表明,红色赤潮藻的最适宜生长条件是温度20℃~25℃,盐度20,光照强度4 000 lx,在此条件下其比生长率达到最高。     

紊流脉动强度对藻类生长及水环境的影响研究

为探讨紊流脉动强度对藻类生长繁殖以及水环境的影响,采用自行设计的垂直振动格栅紊流装置,在一定的光照和水温条件下,通过改变各组实验装置中格栅的振动频率,在营养盐充足的封闭水体中开展了实验研究.结果表明,在实验设定的紊动范围内,紊流脉动强度对藻类的生长以及水环境的变化有明显的影响,较微弱的紊流脉动能促进水体中藻类的生长,而较强的紊流脉动则会抑制藻类的生长;随着紊流脉动强度的增加,藻类生物量峰值的出现时间逐渐推迟;不同水力条件下,5组实验过程中氮磷含量的变化情况具有显著的差异,当格栅振动频率达到2.0 Hz时,较之振动频率为0.5 Hz的实验,水体中TN和TP的最大消减量分别降低了55.2%和69.0%,与藻类生长情况关系密切;随着紊流脉动强度的增加,藻类生物量的峰值所对应的氮磷比先增后减;不同强度的紊流脉动均能促进水体的pH值和溶解氧迅速调节至藻类生长所需的最佳水平,且最佳值不变.     

环境因子对香溪河春季藻类生长影响的模拟实验

2010年3~5月间,分3批次采集了香溪河水样,以水体营养盐浓度、水温、光强和流速为环境因子,以Chla比增长率为评价指标,在室内进行L9(34)的正交藻类培养实验,研究了环境因子对春季优势硅藻生长的影响.结果表明,在实验所设定的水平范围内,水体营养盐浓度总氮(TN)为3.5mg/L、总磷(TP)为0.3mg/L,水温20℃,光强为4700lx以及流速为0.1m/s时,最适宜藻类生长.4因子对藻类生长影响大小依次为光强、流速、水温、营养盐浓度.流速在0.05m/s和0.1m/s的情况下,藻类生长率明显高于静水.当TN<1.5mg/L,TP<0.1mg/L时,增加TN、TP浓度可显著促进藻类生长;当TN、TP浓度分别达到3.5mg/L、0.3mg/L时, N、P浓度的增加对藻类生长影响甚微.     

头孢拉定及光降产物对藻类生长影响的研究

文章研究头孢拉定和经紫外光降解不同时间的头孢拉定产物对铜绿微囊藻和斜生栅藻生长及叶绿素a含量的影响.结果表明,头孢拉定对两种藻均有抑制作用,且随着浓度的增加抑制作用加强,但两者的抑制效果不同;3 mg/L的头孢拉定能显著抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长以及叶绿素a含量的增加,但对斜生栅藻只有微弱的抑制作用,即便是10 mg/L的头...     

幼鱼对乌梁素海浮游藻类生长影响的试验研究

通过室内模拟试验,验证了幼鱼对水体中的浮游藻类生长有着不可忽视的重要影响。试验结果表明:鲤、鲫幼鱼对浮游藻类有摄食作用,其中以蓝藻为主;随着藻类数量的降低,加之鱼类的活动,水体中的溶解氧含量从最初的8.23 mg/L下降到最终的5.96 mg/L;而总氮、总磷和化学需氧量也均有不同程度的下降。同时,建立以DO、TN、TP、COD为变量的藻类数量模型,验证结果表明模型的模拟效果良好。     

温度和盐度对锥状斯氏藻生长的影响

采用正交试验和单因子试验研究了温度和盐度对锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)生长的影响。结果表明,温度为25℃、盐度为25是锥状斯氏藻的最佳生长条件,此时最大比生长率和种群细胞数达到最高。而过低或过高的温度或盐度均会抑制其生长。     

基于SST的东海原甲藻比生长率时空分布规律研究

以东海近岸海域为研究区,结合2005年—2016年月均海水温度卫星遥感产品,根据比生长率的温度响应关系,模拟了东海原甲藻比生长率的时空分布。在此基础上,分析了东海原甲藻比生长率的月际变化、年际变化,并与赤潮发生频次进行了对比分析,结果表明,东海原甲藻在每年4月—6月间的比生长率较高,相应的赤潮高发时段也出现在该时段;其中,5月份东海原甲藻赤潮发生频次约占全年的69%,这与藻种比生长率月际变化有较好的一致性;赤潮一般发生在月度增温阶段,且赤潮发生频次与增温幅度呈正相关;此外,赤潮发生频次与比生长率年际变化趋势总体有一定相关性,但个别年份有所出入。本文研究结果可为进一步定量开展海洋生态系统评价技术,及其对气候变化的响应研究提供参考。     

温度, 光照和盐度对产麻痹性贝类毒素藻类生长及产毒的影响

为探究温度、光照和盐度对产麻痹性贝类毒素（PSP）藻类生长及产毒的影响,本文选取了4株产麻痹性贝毒的藻种（塔玛亚历山大藻（Alexandrium tamarense）香港株（ATHK）、微小亚历山大藻（A.minimum）台湾株（AMSY）、链状亚历山大藻（A.catenella）南海株（ACSY）和链状裸甲藻（Gymnodinium catenatum）防城巷株（GCFC））在不同光照（60、120和200 μmol/（m2·s））、温度（16、22和28℃）和盐度（25、30和35）条件下生长及产毒的变化。结果显示,22℃最适宜4株藻的生长。低温可促进PSP的产生,除GCFC外,其余3株藻的单位细胞产毒量均随温度的升高而降低。ATHK和AMSY的生长与光照正相关。AMSY和GCFC的单位藻细胞产毒量与光照强度正相关,光照为120 μmol/（m2·s）时ATHK和ACSY产毒量最高,弱光均不利于4种藻产毒。盐度30条件下ATHK,AMSY和GCFC长势较好,高盐度（盐度35）促进ACSY的生长。ATHK的单位细胞产毒量均随盐度的升高而增加,AMSY和ACSY在高盐和低盐条件下产毒量均较大,GCFC则在盐度为30条件下产毒量最高。     

高等动物捕食对赤潮藻类模型非线性动力学行为的影响

针对多种群赤潮藻类的生态系统,运用非线性动力学理论,研究了高等动物捕食行为对该系统所产生的复杂动力学行为的影响。结果发现：藻类生态系统对高等动物的捕食有很强的敏感性,后者加剧了前者的复杂动力学行为的变化,在考虑生态系统模型的建立时,高等动物的捕食及其转化率是两个非常重要的因素。     

Long-term joint effect of nutrients and temperature increase on algal growth in Lake Taihu, China

To study how global warming and eutrophication affect water ecosystems, a multiplicative growth Monod model, modified by incorporating the Arrhenius equation, was applied to Lake Taihu to quantitatively study the relationships between algal biomass and both nutrients and temperature using long-term data. To qualitatively assess which factor was a limitation of the improved model, temperature variables were calculated using annual mean air temperature (AT), water temperature (WT), and their average temperature (ST), while substrate variables were calculated using annual mean total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and their weighted aggregate (R), respectively. The nine fitted curves showed that TN and AT were two important factors influencing algal growth; AT limited growth as algal photosynthesis is mainly carried out near the water surface; N leakage of phytoplankton and internal phosphorus load from sediment explains why TN was the best predictor of peak biomass using the Monod model. The fitted results suggest that annual mean algal biomass increased by 0.145 times when annual mean AT increased by 1.0℃. Results also showed that the more eutrophic the lake, the greater the effect AT had on algal growth. Subsequently, the long-term joint effect of annual temperature increase and eutrophication to water ecosystems can be quantitatively assessed and predicted.     

氮限制对三种赤潮藻生长以及种间竞争效应的影响

为了了解不同类别的赤潮藻类对氮(N)限制的响应,在实验室单独培养以及混合培养条件下,研究了N限制对3种典型赤潮微藻(中肋骨条藻、锥状斯氏藻和海洋卡盾藻)生长的影响.结果显示,N限制对3种赤潮藻类的生长均具有明显影响,其中中肋骨条藻对N限制较为敏感.混合培养体系中,藻细胞生长同时还受到种间竞争的明显抑制;而在3种藻混合培养条件下,种间竞争成为了藻细胞生长的决定性因素,锥状斯氏藻和海洋卡盾藻能对中肋骨条藻的生长能产生协同抑制作用.锥状斯氏藻是一种可形成孢囊的种类,N限制和种间竞争能促进其孢囊的提前形成,并且种间竞争能显著提高孢囊的形成率.     

温度与营养盐耐受藻种筛选及其群落氮磷去除研究

为筛选出能适应不同温度与营养条件的污水处理优势藻种,探究其混合培养所形成微藻群落的污水处理效果,本文在实验室条件下,选择淡水小球藻、斜生栅藻、菱形藻、莱茵衣藻和小环藻,设置10,20,30℃3种不同温度,3种不同营养条件,TN、TP浓度分别为8.40与1.97mg/L,12.97与5.70mg/L,60.22与18.1...     

Long-term joint e ect of nutrients and temperature increase on algal growth in Lake Taihu, China

To study how global warming and eutrophication a ect water ecosystems, a multiplicative growth Monod model, modified by incorporating the Arrhenius equation, was applied to Lake Taihu to quantitatively study the relationships between algal biomass and both nutrients and temperature using long-term data. To qualitatively assess which factor was a limitation of the improved model, temperature variables were calculated using annual mean air temperature (AT), water temperature (WT), and their average temperature (ST), while substrate variables were calculated using annual mean total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and their weighted aggregate (R), respectively. The nine fitted curves showed that TN and AT were two important factors influencing algal growth; AT limited growth as algal photosynthesis is mainly carried out near the water surface; N leakage of phytoplankton and internal phosphorus load from sediment explains why TN was the best predictor of peak biomass using the Monod model. The fitted results suggest that annual mean algal biomass increased by 0.145 times when annual mean AT increased by 1.0°C. Results also showed that the more eutrophic the lake, the greater the e ect AT had on algal growth. Subsequently, the long-term joint e ect of annual temperature increase and eutrophication to water ecosystems can be quantitatively assessed and predicted.     

氧化亚铜在海水中释放速率研究

氧化亚铜是海洋防污涂料中重要的防污剂,防污剂中Cu²⁺释放速率将会显著影响其防污效果,同时海水中的Cu²⁺也影响海洋生物的生长,严格控制防污剂的释放速率对降低海洋生物的风险有重要意义.本研究使用人工海水对新型聚丙烯酸酯防污涂料中氧化亚铜释放速率进行测定,研究涂料构成及海水温度对Cu²⁺释放速率的影响.结果表明氧化亚铜在实验所用混合丙烯酸酯树脂涂料中能够快速实现稳定释放,达到良好防污效果.涂料中体质颜料用量影响涂料的孔隙,涂料颜料体积浓度（PVC）值介于0.136~0.154时,Cu²⁺释放速率适中.氧化亚铜在涂料中的Cu₂O含量高于26.9%时,有利于Cu²⁺长期稳定释放.海水温度升高,涂料Cu²⁺的释放速率将增加数倍.     

湖泊水动力对蓝藻生长的影响

对铜绿微囊藻的水动力模拟实验研究表明,流速和温度以及营养盐浓度对藻类生长有着密切影响,且可能存在一定的临界流速.不同营养状态,临界值不同,在N:P为4.5:1情况下推测临界流速为0.50m/s;在N:P为2.7:1情况下推测临界流速为0.30m/s.经太湖湖泊水动力过程的野外实地观测,风速在2.0～4.0m/s时,与水中叶绿素a浓度呈负相关;当风速≥5.0m/s时,叶绿素a浓度降幅最大,并一直维持在该水平.风力导致的水动力条件变化,影响藻类的生长和聚集状态.水动力因素对蓝藻的生长及聚集有着较大影响.     

Selection of water source for water transfer based on algal growth potential to prevent algal blooms

Water transfer is becoming a popular method for solving the problems of water quality deterioration and water level drawdown in lakes. However, the principle of choosing water sources for water transfer projects has mainly been based on the effects on water quality, which neglects the influence in the variation of phytoplankton community and the risk of algal blooms. In this study, algal growth potential (AGP) test was applied to predict changes in the phytoplankton community caused by water transfer projects. The feasibility of proposed water transfer sources (Baqing River and Jinsha River) was assessed through the changes in both water quality and phytoplankton community in Chenghai Lake, Southwest China. The results showed that the concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in Chenghai Lake could be decreased to 0.52 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L respectively with the simulated water transfer source of Jinsha River. The algal cell density could be reduced by 60%, and the phytoplankton community would become relatively stable with the Jinsha River water transfer project, and the dominant species of Anabaena cylindrica evolved into Anabaenopsis arnoldii due to the species competition. However, the risk of algal blooms would be increased after the Baqing River water transfer project even with the improved water quality. Algae gained faster proliferation with the same dominant species in water transfer source. Therefore, water transfer projects should be assessed from not only the variation of water quality but also the risk of algal blooms.     

三种红树植物落叶碎屑对海水中多环芳烃吸附作用的实验研究

在实验室条件下,研究了海水中多环芳烃（PAHs）（含苊、菲、）浓度分别为90、900或9000 μg/L时,无瓣海桑（Sonneratia apetala）、秋茄（Kandelia candel）和木榄（Bruguiera gymnorrhiza）不同分解状态落叶碎屑对PAHs的吸附作用。结果显示:在相同PAHs浓度下,无瓣海桑、秋茄和木榄落叶碎屑对PAHs的吸附总量差异显著（p < 0.05）,吸附率树种间也差异显著（p < 0.05）。当海水中PAHs的浓度为90和900 μg/L时,3种红树植物落叶碎屑对PAHs的吸附率均是无瓣海桑黑叶最高,分别为32.6%和35.1%。同一树种不同分解状态落叶碎屑对PAHs的吸附规律因树种而异:秋茄棕叶和黑叶对PAHs的吸附率均随着PAHs浓度的增加而增加;木榄棕叶和黑叶对PAHs的吸附率均随着PAHs浓度的增加,先上升（从90 μg/L到900 μg/L）,然后下降（从900 μg/L到9000 μg/L）;无瓣海桑棕叶对PAHs的吸附率是随着PAHs浓度的增加而增加,而黑叶却随着PAHs浓度的增加,吸附率先是上升,然后下降。3种红树植物同一分解状态的落叶碎屑对单个PAHs组分的吸附率规律存在差异。同一树种同一分解状态的落叶碎屑对不同PAHs组分的吸附规律也存在差异。