负面在线交互信息对异质性旅游消费者购买意愿的影响

基于调节定向理论,应用情境实验法,从人格特质角度探讨负面在线评论与商家回复之间的交互信息对异质性旅游消费者购买意愿的影响机制。结果表明：经济性负评会显著降低预防定向型旅游消费者的购买意愿,功能服务性负评会显著降低促进定向型旅游消费者的购买意愿,感知风险在其中起中介作用;针对经济性负评,商家采取承认服务失败策略时,预防定向型旅游消费者购买意愿更高,针对功能服务性负评,商家采取消除服务失败策略时,促进定向型旅游消费者购买意愿更高。     

文化创意旅游街区游客创意体验对重游意愿的影响研究——基于一个有调节的中介模型

当前,文化创意旅游兴起。文化创意旅游街区是文化创意旅游的一种呈现载体,游客的创意体验是游客对文创街区体验活动的重要内容,游客的创意体验、满意度及重游意愿之间的关系有待加强研究。以游客的创意体验为视角,以游客满意度为中介变量,以记忆为调节变量,研究创意体验对游客的重游意愿的影响。结果表明:(1)游客的创意体验对游客的满意度和重游意愿有显著的正向影响作用;(2)游客的满意度对重游意愿具有正向影响作用,但是创意体验只部分通过满意度的中介作用影响游客的重游意愿;(3)游客的记忆正向调节独特性体验、情感体验与满意度之间的关系;(4)游客的记忆对学习体验与满意度之间的调节作用不显著,记忆对满意度和重游意愿之间关系的调节作用不显著;(5)记忆负向调节互动性体验与满意度之间的关系。     

旅游上市公司品牌形象对潜在旅游者购买意愿的影响

采用2×2×2组间因子实验法探讨了我国旅游上市公司形象(高vs.低)、使用者形象(高vs.低)和产品服务形象(高vs.低)对潜在旅游者购买意愿的影响,同时分析了三者之间可能出现的交互作用。结果表明:(1)酒店类、景点类、综合类旅游上市公司产品服务形象对潜在旅游者的购买意愿具有显著影响。(2)酒店类、综合类旅游上市公司形象和使用者形象对潜在旅游者的购买意愿具有显著影响,景点类影响不显著。(3)酒店类、综合类旅游上市公司形象与使用者形象的交互效应显著,景点类交互效应不显著。(4)旅游上市公司形象与产品服务形象的交互效应在三类上市公司间均显著。     

移动电商问答的信息性和规范性对消费者行为意愿的影响

首次以京东问答为例,探讨了移动电子商务问答功能影响消费者行为意愿的内在机制,整合精细加工理论和技术接受模型理论构建概念模型,通过问卷调查的方式,收集数据进行实证检验。结果表明:移动电商问答的"信息支持、信息质量、回答者专业性"三项社会化影响因素,通过消费者感知有用性和感知可信度的中介作用,对消费者的行为意愿产生影响。     

文化创意旅游街区游客参与对重游意愿的作用机制研究——基于旅游体验及记忆的中介模型

伴随着文化创意产业的蓬勃发展,文创旅游目的地受到了越来越多游客的青睐,但学术界从游客角度出发探讨文创旅游目的地的相关研究较少。在文化创意旅游街区情境下,基于MTE理论,以游客为研究对象,以旅游体验、记忆为中介变量,实证分析了游客参与对重游意愿的作用机制。结果表明:游客参与对旅游体验具有显著的正向影响;旅游体验对记忆具有显著的正向影响;记忆对重游意愿具有显著的正向影响;旅游体验在游客参与和记忆之间具有完全中介效应;记忆在旅游体验和重游意愿之间具有完全中介效应。基于此,提出以下建议:①在保持文化原真性基础上,开发兼具学习、娱乐、审美等特点于一体的互动性参与型产品。②加快景区智慧旅游系统建设,增强系统的独特性与趣味性。③设计兼具文化特色和创意精神的代表性纪念品。     

乡村旅游发展框架下农户生计策略影响因素分析——以河南省西河村为例

乡村旅游作为发展农村经济的重要手段,在我国旅游扶贫政策的引导和支持下,影响到农户对生计策略的选择。借鉴英国国际发展部(DFID)关于生计资本的研究结果,运用Logistic回归分析法,以河南省西河村为例,对乡村旅游发展框架下的农户生计策略影响因素进行了实证分析。研究结果表明:农户家庭劳动力数量、受教育程度、能否获得技术支持和资金支持、住房情况等因素正向影响着农户参与旅游生计活动的意愿;农户实际耕种面积作为农户的自然资本负向影响着农户参与旅游生计活动的意愿;农户家庭是否有男性成年劳动力、拥有的耕地面积、能否获得物质支持等因素对农户生计策略选择的影响不显著。根据研究结论,提出针对性政策建议。     

市场竞争、市场化进程对旅游产业绿色创新效率的影响

采用超效率SBM模型测算2004—2017年中国30个省份的旅游产业绿色创新效率水平,构建固定效应模型探究市场竞争、市场化对旅游产业绿色创新效率的影响,运用面板工具变量法处理内生性偏误,并且分析东、中、西部区域异质性。结果发现：(1)研究期内,全国旅游产业绿色创新效率呈现出波动上升态势,且效率按照东—西—中部地区的顺序递减。(2)市场竞争显著负向影响绿色创新效率,市场化显著正向影响旅游产业绿色创新效率。(3)市场化在市场竞争和旅游产业绿色创新效率之间具有调节作用,市场化水平越高,市场竞争对绿色创新效率的负向影响就越强。(4)市场竞争对旅游产业绿色创新效率的负向影响在东、中、西部并不存在显著异质性,市场化在中部地区不具有调节效应。     

旅游偏好是否可以促进国际旅游消费？——基于中国旅游调查的实证研究

从传统经济学、行为经济学的角度出发,利用2016年中华人民共和国文化与旅游部全国性的国民旅游休闲调查数据,分析了旅游偏好与国际旅游消费之间的相互作用,运用最小二乘加权回归模型（WLS）研究了旅游偏好对旅游消费的影响,以及旅游需求在旅游偏好与旅游消费中的中介作用。结果发现：(1)对于国内旅游,旅游偏好通过旅游需求的中介作用对旅游消费产生正向作用,即消费者对特定旅游活动和目的地的偏好驱动了他们对国内旅游的需求,从而增加了国内旅游消费;(2)对于出境国际旅游,在交易效用和损失厌恶效应的影响下,旅游偏好通过国际旅游需求的中介作用对国际旅游消费产生正向影响作用,但具有明显的区域性特征,在中国西部城市无正向促进作用,但在东部城市和中部城市有正向促进作用;(3)男性和女性在旅游偏好和旅游消费上不存在性别差异。     

基于游客感知的西安曲江旅游形象分析

以西安曲江为例,基于游客感知角度,采取问卷调查方式,利用因子分析、词频分析等方法对曲江主要景区的旅游形象进行分析评价。研究发现:(1)游客对曲江旅游形象感知因子分为三个维度:吸引物、旅游设施、旅游服务,其中游客满意度最高的是旅游设施维度(3.51),最低的是旅游服务维度(3.00)。(2)曲江的国内客源市场以陕西省内游客为主,对省外游客的吸引力呈现距离衰减的特征。(3)游客对曲江整体旅游形象的满意度较高,存在稳定集中的特征。(4)游客的性别和家庭人均月收入与曲江旅游形象的感知评价之间没有显著关系,但游客的年龄、职业和文化程度对曲江的旅游形象的感知评价结果有着显著性影响。基于以上结论,提出重点进行形象设计与形象营销,提高游客软性服务满意度,提升西安曲江旅游形象和知名度的建议,如突出曲江旅游形象核心部分、做好生态环境工作、重视事件营销、重点开拓境外客源市场等,以期引导旅游者选择曲江作为旅游目的地,进而推动曲江国内外知名旅游目的地品牌建设和发展。     

户外音乐节对旅游地形象的影响探究——基于游客涉入度和满意度

在竞争愈加激烈的旅游环境中,举办节庆活动是城市强化目的地形象和加深游客旅游体验的有效营销手段。以2016年西安草莓音乐节和世园音乐节为例,通过对摇滚背包客进行问卷调查,构建了音乐节的游客涉入度、音乐节的游客满意度、旅游地形象与游客重游意愿四个因素之间的假设关系模型。研究发现:摇滚背包客对音乐节的涉入度和满意度正向影响旅游地形象,前者直接影响重游意愿,后者与重游意愿的关系未得到验证。研究结果表明,城市可将户外音乐节作为节庆活动中的重点项目,以助于塑造和提升目的地形象,形成品牌效应,推动城市旅游业发展。     

Sustainable Food Consumption: Exploring the Consumer “Attitude – Behavioral Intention” Gap

Although public interest in sustainability increases and consumer attitudes are mainly positive, behavioral patterns are not univocally consistent with attitudes. This study investigates the presumed gap between favorable attitude towards sustainable behavior and behavioral intention to purchase sustainable food products. The impact of involvement, perceived availability, certainty, perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE), values, and social norms on consumers’ attitudes and intentions towards sustainable food products is analyzed. The empirical research builds on a survey with a sample of 456 young consumers, using a questionnaire and an experimental design with manipulation of key constructs through showing advertisements for sustainable dairy. Involvement with sustainability, certainty, and PCE have a significant positive impact on attitude towards buying sustainable dairy products, which in turn correlates strongly with intention to buy. Low perceived availability of sustainable products explains why intentions to buy remain low, although attitudes might be positive. On the reverse side, experiencing social pressure from peers (social norm) explains intentions to buy, despite rather negative personal attitudes. This study shows that more sustainable and ethical food consumption can be stimulated through raising involvement, PCE, certainty, social norms, and perceived availability.     

Consumer Attitudes Towards the Development of Animal-Friendly Husbandry Systems

Recent policy developments in the area of livestock husbandry have suggested that, from the perspective of optimizing animal welfare, new animal husbandry systems should be developed that provide opportunities for livestock animals to be raised in environments where they are permitted to engage in “natural behavior.” It is not known whether consumers regard animal husbandry issues as important, and whether they differentiate between animal husbandry and other animal welfare issues. The responsibility for the development of such systems is allocated jointly between farmers, regulators, different actors in the food chain, and consumers. This research focuses on understanding consumer attitudes and preferences regarding the development and introduction of such systems, to ensure that they are acceptable to consumers as well as producers, regulators, and scientists. Consumer perceptions of animal welfare and animal husbandry practices were evaluated using quantitative consumer survey, which focused on two animal husbandry issues – farmed pigs and farmed fish. Following pilot work, 1000 representative Dutch consumers were sampled about their attitudes to either pig or fish husbandry. The results indicated that consumers think about animal welfare in terms of two broad categories related to their health and living environment, but do not think about welfare issues at a more detailed level. Greater concern was expressed about the welfare of pigs compared to fish. Consumer trust in labeling also emerged as an important issue, since consumers need to trust different food chain actors with responsibility for promoting animal welfare, and are reluctant to consider the details of animal husbandry systems. As a consequence, a transparent, enforceable, and traceable monitoring system for animal welfare friendly products is likely to be important for consumers.     

Food, Consumer Concerns, and Trust: Food Ethics for a Globalizing Market

The use of biotechnology in food productiongives rise to consumer concerns. The term ``consumerconcern' is often used as a container notion. Itincludes concerns about food safety, environmental andanimal welfare consequences of food productionsystems, and intrinsic moral objections againstgenetic modification. In order to create clarity adistinction between three different kinds of consumerconcern is proposed. Consumer concerns can be seen assigns of loss of trust. Maintaining consumer trustasks for governmental action. Towards consumerconcerns, governments seem to have limitedpossibilities for public policy. Under current WTOregulations designed to prevent trade disputes,governments can only limit their policies to 1) safetyregulation based upon sound scientific evidence and 2)the stimulation of a system of product labeling. Ananalysis of trust, however, can show that ifgovernments limit their efforts in this way, they willnot do enough to avoid the types of consumer concernsthat diminish trust. The establishment of a technicalbody for food safety – although perhaps necessary –is in itself not enough, because concerns that relatedirectly to food safety cannot be solved by ``pure'science alone. And labeling can only be a good way totake consumer concerns seriously if these concerns arerelated to consumer autonomy. For consumer concernsthat are linked to ideas about a good society,labeling can only provide a solution if it is seen asan addition to political action rather than as itssubstitution. Labeling can help consumers take uptheir political responsibility. As citizens, consumershave certain reasonable concerns that can justifiableinfluence the market. In a free-market society, theyare, as buyers, co-creators of the market, andsocietal steering is partly done by the market.Therefore, they need the information to co-create thatmarket. The basis of labeling in these cases, however,is not the good life of the individual but thepolitical responsibility people have in their role asparticipants in a free-market. Then, public concernsare taken seriously. Labeling in that case does nottake away the possibilities of reaching politicalgoals, but it adds a possibility.     

Ethical Challenges for Livestock Production:Meeting Consumer Concerns about Meat Safety and AnimalWelfare

Livestock production today faces thedifficult task of effectively meeting emergingconsumer concerns while remaining competitive on majortarget markets. Meeting consumer concerns aboutproduct safety and animal welfare are identified askey attention points for future livestock production.The relevance of these issues pertains to productionefficiency and economic benefits and tore-establishing meat sector image and consumer trust.The current paper analyses consumer concerns about theethical issues of meat safety and animal welfare fromcurrent livestock production. The research methodologyis based on literature review, secondary data sources,and primary research through focus group discussionsand a survey of 320 meat consumers in Belgium.Objectives were to assess importance attached byconsumers to product safety and animal welfare asethical issues in commercial livestock production, andto evaluate consumer perception of these issues forbeef, pork, and poultry. Significant differences inissue importance and perception are identified amongconsumer groups based on socio-demographic andbehavioral characteristics. From the analysis, meatsafety emerges as an absolute but minimum requirementfor future success of livestock and meat production.Additionally, animal welfare can be expected to becomea critical theme especially for pork and poultryacceptance.     

生活生产类产品VOCs含量限值法规与标准研究

本文对国内生活生产类产品VOCs含量限值的国家标准、地方标准、行业标准以及中国香港、欧美等发达地区精细化的生活生产类产品VOCs含量限值法规和标准做了比较全面的综述,并从产品限值种类以及限值要求两个方面进行了对比研究和分析,提出了我国生产生活类产品VOCs 含量限值法规标准制定建议。笔者认为,应借鉴发达国家成功的生活生产类产品VOCs含量限值法规及标准制定经验,从做好标准和产品技术要求衔接、建立区域协同制定标准模式、结合经济因素或环境空气质量,分步推进相关标准制定和发布等方面入手,建立符合实际国情的产品种类较为全面、标准要求较高的生产生活类产品VOCs含量限值法规与标准体系,尤其是生活消费品方面,减少直接与人体接触的生活消费品VOCs排放。     

乡村振兴背景下社区居民旅游创业意愿研究——基于分布式认识理论

在乡村振兴背景下,选择兰州市榆中县浪街村社区为研究对象,依托分布式认知理论,构建了居民旅游创业意愿和影响因素模型。结果发现:(1)个人力因素不是形成创业意愿的决定性因素。(2)在地域力方面,大部分居民参与旅游创业的资源条件有限。(3)在文化力方面,领导和以领导为核心的社会关系网是旅游创业意愿形成和转变的决定性因素,并且能够将这种创业意愿转化为创业行为。在研究基础上,提出对策建议:注意培育旅游创业主体,增强现存社区创业能力,争取外部专家与辅助者的支持,以增强乡村旅游发展的可持续性。     

目的地方言感知、品牌个性对游客忠诚的影响——游客满意的中介作用

选取西安为案例地,根据自我调节态度理论构建研究框架,探究游客对旅游目的地的方言感知与品牌个性的结构维度,进而揭示旅游目的地方言感知与品牌个性对旅游者满意度、忠诚度的内在影响机制。结果发现:(1)西安的目的地个性由历史文化、现代气息、闲适、活力和高雅5个维度构成。(2)游客对目的地方言的感知能够对目的地个性认知产生显著积极影响。(3)目的地品牌个性对游客满意有直接影响,并通过游客满意的中介作用间接影响游客忠诚。(4)目的地方言感知直接影响游客满意,同样通过游客满意的中介效应对游客忠诚产生间接作用。(5)目的地方言感知可通过目的地品牌个性和游客满意度链式中介作用于游客忠诚。     

论城市旅游景观视觉形象的影响因素——以扬州市为例

在视觉影响因素的作用下,旅游者对实地感知的城市旅游景观视觉辨别和鉴赏形成了视觉形象感知。城市旅游景观的品质不同对视觉形象产生的影响不同,而不同社会背景的旅游者及居民对同类旅游景观视觉形象感知的影响也不同。分析得出性别、年龄、文化水平、职业等不同社会背景的旅游者和居民对扬州旅游景观视觉形象感知的影响不显著,据此提出了提升城市旅游景观视觉形象的方法和建议,期望对城市旅游的规划者、决策者提供参考,以便创造更多更美的城市旅游景观。     

Farm Animal Welfare Influences on Markets and Consumer Attitudes in Latin America: The Cases of Mexico,Chile and Brazil

In recent years, animal welfare has become an important element of sustainable production that has evolved along with the transformation of animal production systems. Consumer attitudes towards farm animal welfare are changing around the world, especially at emerging markets of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Survey-based research on consumer attitudes towards farm animal welfare has increased. However, the geographical coverage of studies on consumer attitudes and perceptions about farm animal welfare has mostly been limited to Europe, and North America. Until now, Latin American consumers’ attitudes towards animal welfare have not been well studied. Despite the fact that Mexico, Chile and Brazil belong to the same region (according to international organizations), there are marked differences between these countries in terms of their economical and geographical characteristics among other factors. Those differences potentially have an impact on consumer attitudes towards animal welfare and livestock production systems in general. Given the evidence from the literature review, it seems advisable that Latin American producers and food industry who engage in animal welfare-enhancing practices should clearly label their products with information on the type of husbandry system to reach those consumers who want to make an informed choice. Therefore, there are some aspects that need to be studied and cannot be worked separately in order to promote and understand consumer attitudes towards dairy and beef systems, such as geography, economic development, and politics.     

Taking Consumers Seriously: Two Concepts of Consumer Sovereignty

Governments, producers, and international free tradeorganizations like the World Trade Organization (WTO) areincreasingly confronted with consumers who not only buy (or don'tbuy) goods, but also demand that those goods are producedconforming to certain ethical (often diverse) standards. Not onlysafety and health belong to these ethical ideals, but animalwelfare, environmental concerns, labor circumstances, and fairtrade. However, this phantom haunts the dusty world of social andpolitical philosophy as well. The new concept ``consumersovereignty' bypasses the conceptual dichotomy of consumer andcitizen.According to the narrow liberal response to this newconstellation, with respect to food one should conceptualizeconsumer sovereignty as the right of the individual consumer toget information on food products and to make his or her ownchoice on the market of food products. In this conception, thereis a very strong emphasis on rules and principles with respect tothe autonomy of individuals.I argue that these narrow liberal concepts are not sufficient forappropriate public policy-making in democratic societies, andthat they only enable us to identify problems; they do not helpnon-experts (and experts, if it comes to that, as well) inweighing the different ethical claims. Besides, not onlyprinciples play a role in the outcome, but all kinds of ideals aswell, like roles, values, and norms. My principal argument isthat analysis or justification of norms or principles is notsufficient to get a synthesis or construction of ethicalsolutions: we need some value orientation to guide us inbalancing the different ethical claims by solving an ethicalproblem. Moreover, this balancing is something that requiressocial space and social time, i.e., public debates. With theconcept of public debates a whole new dimension enters ethicalanalysis, because the attention of ethicists shifts toformulating criteria of successful and rational public debates.However, in the broad liberal view these concepts aresupplemented with values, preferences, practices of care, andinvolvement. I argue firstly for a broadened perspective on foodas an integral part of life styles and not only as something thatpresents risks. That is the reason that food gets such intensiveattention from the public, which is summarized in the concept ofconsumer concerns. Secondly, I defend the argument that not only(rational) public debates, but intensive commitments of bothproducers and consumers in every link of the chain in so calledcare practices or consumer councils can enhance confidence in thefood production system and the way we extract our daily intakefrom nature.