兼氧膜生物反应器处理养殖废水技术

由江西金达莱环保股份有限公司开发的兼氧膜生物反应器处理养殖废水技术,适用于畜禽养殖废水、生活污水和各类工业有机废水处理。     

兼氧膜生物反应器处理养殖废水技术

由江西金达莱环保股份有限公司开发的兼氧膜生物反应器处理养殖废水技术,适用于畜禽养殖废水、生活污水和各类工业有机废水处理。主要技术内容 一、基本原理 通过污泥培养,兼氧膜生物反应器（MBR）内部污泥质量浓度可达1．5万～2万mg／L,形成以高效兼性厌氧菌（约占80％）为优势菌种的特性微生物体系。     

膜生物反应器在废水处理中的研究及应用进展

随着废水处理技术的不断发展,一些新的废水处理方法不断涌现。膜分离技术与污水的生物处理法相结合构成的膜生物反应器,成为一种高效污水处理工艺。综述了膜生物反应器的应用现状、技术原理、分类及在污水处理中的应用,介绍了膜生物反应器在国内外的研究现状以及应用中存在的主要问题和技术发展方向。     

MBR一体化技术

由黑龙江佰利科技发展有限公司开发的MBR一体化技术,适用于医院污水、生活污水、食品废水、屠宰废水的处理。主要技术内容一、基本原理膜生物反应器利用膜分离组件实现废水生物处理后     

微网动态膜生物反应器的研究进展

对微网动态膜生物反应器进行了较为全面的综述,在简要介绍动态膜过滤技术的基础上,对DMBR处理生活污水的运行处理效果、生物动态膜特性、DMBR结构改进及其应用的扩展研究等方面做了介绍,分析了目前该工艺存在的生物动态膜机理研究不透彻、运行稳定性较差、对工业废水的处理研究较少等问题,展望了该工艺的研究方向,即反应器结构的改进、生物动态膜地位与功能的解析、及应器优化控制研究等。     

膜曝气生物膜反应器生物膜影响因素分析

膜曝气生物膜反应器（MABR）是一种利用透气膜进行曝气,可以实现同步硝化反硝化的污水生物处理新工艺。本文阐述了膜曝气生物反应器生物膜的原理和特点,总结了国内外在该领域的研究成果,重点介绍了C／N、氧气压力、流速、生物膜厚度、温度和pH对生物膜性能的影响。     

3AMBR工艺在污水资源化和城市水环境治理中的应用

北京碧水源科技股份有限公司是专业从事污水资源化膜生物反应器技术的设备制造、整体技术解决方案与技术服务的高科技公司,注册资本1．1亿元,是中国膜生物反应器技术大规模工业化应用的先行者。公司以膜生物反应器（MBR）为核心的污水资源化技术居国际领先水平,其技术和产品先后在奥运水环境、     

MBR膜生物反应器污水处理装置

天津清华德人环境工程有限公司开发、天津市环境保护局推荐的MBR膜生物反应器污水处理装置适用于城市生活污水、工业有机废水和垃圾填埋渗滤液处理及回用、净水厂进水预处理及后续处理工艺的泥水分离。主要技术内容一、基本原理：膜生物反应器（MembraneBio－reac－tor，MBR），是２０世纪末发展起来的水处理高新技术，是生物技术与膜技术的结合，它既利用了膜分离的选择透过性与高效性，又利用了生物处理的有效性与彻底性。可将水中有害物质最大限度地去除。在处理生活污水方面：（１）高效地进行固液分离，分离效果远好于传统的沉淀池…     

MBR法/高级氧化技术在中水处理中研究进展

膜生物反应器(MBR)作为一种新型高效的污水处理方法,正受到人们的广泛关注。同时由于高级氧化技术在处理污水过程中无二次污染、易控制,与其他处理过程相结合可提高处理能力,降低处理成本等优点也备受研究者亲睐。本文系统介绍了MBR法的定义、分类、优势及其发展趋势,并对高级氧化技术和中水做了简单说明,阐述了高级氧化技术在膜生物反应器(MBR)中的应用,同时列举了两种工艺相结合在中水处理领域中的作用和地位。     

一体式—膜生物反应器物理清洗效果的研究

在一体式—膜生物反应器处理生活污水的基础上,考察了运行过程中膜污染情况。试验结果表明,膜外表面沉积污泥是造成膜污染的主要因素,在活性污泥混合液中搓洗膜丝,是一种方便而有效的清洗方式。间歇式运行方式的停抽期间最低剩余抽吸压力可用来表征运行过程中膜过滤性能的变化。     

Use of Aquaculture Ponds and Other Habitats by Autumn Migrating Shorebirds Along the Lower Mississippi River

Populations of many shorebird species are declining; habitat loss and degradation are among the leading causes for these declines. Shorebirds use a variety of habitats along interior migratory routes including managed moist soil units, natural wetlands, sandbars, and agricultural lands such as harvested rice fields. Less well known is shorebird use of freshwater aquaculture facilities, such as commercial cat- and crayfish ponds. We compared shorebird habitat use at drained aquaculture ponds, moist soil units, agricultural areas, sandbars and other natural habitat, and a sewage treatment facility in the in the lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley (LMAV) during autumn 2009. Six species: Least Sandpiper (Calidris minutilla), Killdeer (Charadrius vociferous), Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla), Pectoral Sandpiper (C. melanotos), Black-necked Stilt (Himantopus himantopus), and Lesser Yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes), accounted for 92 % of the 31,165 individuals observed. Sewage settling lagoons (83.4, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 25.3–141.5 birds/ha), drained aquaculture ponds (33.5, 95 % CI 22.4–44.6 birds/ha), and managed moist soil units on public lands (15.7, CI 11.2–20.3 birds/ha) had the highest estimated densities of shorebirds. The estimated 1,100 ha of drained aquaculture ponds available during autumn 2009 provided over half of the estimated requirement of 2,000 ha by the LMAV Joint Venture working group. However, because of the decline in the aquaculture industry, autumn shorebird habitats in the LMAV may be limited in the near future. Recognition of the current aquaculture habitat trends will be important to the future management activities of federal and state agencies. Should these aquaculture habitat trends continue, there may be a need for wildlife biologists to investigate other habitats that can be managed to offset the current and expected loss of aquaculture acreages. This study illustrates the potential for freshwater aquaculture to provide habitat for a taxa at risk. With the rapid growth of aquaculture worldwide, the practices of this industry deserve attention to identify benefits as well as risks to wildlife.     

The Importance of Supratidal Habitats for Wintering Shorebirds and the Potential Impacts of Shrimp Aquaculture

Intensive black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) aquaculture ponds have replaced significant areas of coastal wetlands throughout tropical Asia. Few studies have assessed potential impacts on avian foraging habitats. At Khao Sam Roi Yod National Park, Thailand, seminatural wetlands have been converted to either shrimp ponds or to salinization ponds that provide saline water for shrimp aquaculture. Although shorebirds cannot feed in aquaculture ponds, hypersaline ponds can provide productive foraging areas. Thus, the overall impact of the shrimp industry on shorebirds depends partly on the relative quality of the salt ponds compared to seminatural wetlands. In this study, we examined wintering shorebird use of tidal (N = 5 sites) and supratidal areas (four wetland sites, four salt pond sites) and compared the shorebird community (14 species), prey availability, profitability, and disturbance rates between wetlands and salt ponds. Two shorebird species fed in higher densities in wetlands, whereas seven species were more abundant in salt ponds. Large juvenile fish and dragonfly larvae were more abundant in wetlands, whereas there were more small Chironomid midge and fly larvae in salt ponds. We conclude that salt ponds might provide higher-quality foraging habitats compared to wetlands for small shorebirds species because of the abundance of small larvae. However, the shrimp aquaculture industry reduces habitat availability for shorebirds feeding on larger prey. This study demonstrates a comprehensive, multispecies approach to assess the impacts of a large-scale change in coastal habitats for wintering shorebirds.     

Issues,impacts, and implications of shrimp aquaculture in Thailand

Water quality impacts to and from intensive shrimp aquaculture in Thailand are substantial. Besides the surface and subsurface salinization of freshwaters, loadings of solids, oxygen-consuming organic matter, and nutrients to receiving waters are considerable when the cumulative impacts from water exchange during the growout cycle, pond drainage during harvesting, and illegal pond sediment disposal are taken into account. Although just beginning to be considered in Thailand, partial recirculating and integrated intensive farming systems are producing promising, if somewhat limited, results. By providing on-site treatment of the effluent from the shrimp growout ponds, there is less reliance on using outside water supplies, believed to be the source of the contamination.The explosion in the number of intensively operated shrimp farms has not only impacted the coastal zone of Thailand, but has also resulted in an unsustainable aquaculture industry. Abandonment of shrimp ponds due to either drastic, disease-caused collapses or more grandual, year-to-year reductions in the productivity of the pond is common. To move Thailand towards a more sustainable aquaculture industry and coastal zone environment, integrated aquaculture management is needed. Components of integrated aquaculture management are technical and institutional. The technical components involve deployment of wastewater treatment and minimal water-use systems aimed at making aquaculture operations more hydraulically closed. Before this is possible, technical and economic feasibility studies on enhanced nitrification systems and organic solids removal by oxidation between production cycles and/or the utilization of plastic pond liners need to be conducted. The integration of semi-intensive aquaculture within mangrove areas also should be investigated since mangrove losses attributable to shrimp aquaculture are estimated to be between 16 and 32% of the total mangrove area destroyed betweeen 1979 and 1993.Government policy needs to devote as much attention to sustainability issues as it has on promoting intensive pond culture. Such a balanced policy would include training and education monitoring and enforcement, rehabilitating abandoned ponds, managing land use within the coastal zone, more community involvement, and government reorganization to eliminate overlapping jurisdictions among agencies.As integrated aquaculture management becomes more the practice than the exception, less risk of crop failure to the industry and reduced discharge loadings from intensively managed shrimp ponds to receiving waters can be expected. Projected limitations on growing and marketing shrimp in the future, such as scarcity of land and broodstock, continued disease outbreaks, negative publicity, regulatory enforcement, water treatment and solids disposal costs, and increased competition from growers in other Asian countries will also drive the government and the industry towards adopting integrated aquaculture management.The data for this paper was obtained while the senior author was a Visiting Fulbright Researcher at the Coastal Resources Institute (CORIN), Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.     

聚丙烯中空纤维膜生物反应器处理生活污水实验研究

在膜生物反应器中使用聚丙烯中空纤维膜材料的膜组件，可以解决以往其它材料寿命短、强度低、易污染等问题。利用这种膜生物反应器处理生活污水，其出水水质达到回用水标准，CODcr小于25mg／L；NH3-N小于5mg／L；浊度小于0．6NTU，可以回用于冲厕、绿化用水及河湖补充水。     

罐头厂废水处理工程的MBR系统介绍

罐头厂每天排放大量废水,有机物含量较高,对环境污染严重。以丹东罐头厂为例,通过采用气浮＋MBR处理工艺,可使罐头厂排水达到国家城镇污水处理厂一级A排放标准。     

Nitrogen recovery in an integrated system for wastewater treatment and tilapia production

An integrated system, consisting of Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)-duckweed-tilapia ponds was used for recovery of sewage nutrients and water recycling. A UASB reactor with 40 liter working volume was used as pre-treatment unit followed by a series of three duckweed ponds for nitrogen recovery. The treated effluent and duckweed biomass was used to feed fishponds stocked with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The UASB reactor was fed with raw, domestic sewage at 6 h hydraulic retention time. The three duckweed ponds were stocked with Lemna gibba and fed with UASB effluent at 15 days hydraulic retention time. Nitrogen recovery from UASB effluent via duckweed biomass represented 81% of total nitrogen removal and 46.5% from the total nitrogen input to the system. In subsequent fishponds the nitrogen recovery from duckweed as fish feed was in the range of 13.4–20%. This nitrogen in fish biomass represented 10.6–11.5 g N from the total nitrogen in the raw sewage fed to the UASB reactor. The growth performance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) showed specific growth rates (SGR) in the range of 0.53–0.97. The range of feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were 1.2–2.2 and 2.1–2.28, respectively. The results of the experiments showed total fish yield and net fish yield in the range of 17–22.8 ton/ha/y and 11.8–15.7 ton/ha/y respectively. In conclusion UASB-duckweed-tilapia ponds provide marketable by-products in the form of duckweed and fish protein, which represent a cost recovery for sewage treatment.     

济宁南四湖水质富营养化评价及防治对策研究

以2012年南四湖水质监测数据为依据,采用修正的卡森指数法（TSIM）对南四湖水质进行评价。结果表明,修正卡森指数的评价结果为TSIM=56．04,南四湖已达到富营养化的标准。根据评价结果,从工业废水、生活污水排放、底质、农业生产、渔业养殖的影响方面分析了水体富营养化的原因,从减少外源污染物、应用生物措施和发展健康水产养殖模式三个方面提出了南四湖水体富营养化的防治对策。     

Sustainability and Local People’s Participation in Coastal Aquaculture: Regional Differences and Historical Experiences in Sri Lanka and the Philippines

This article discusses environmental sustainability in aquaculture and its contribution to poverty alleviation, based on field studies in Sri Lanka and the Philippines. The aquaculture practices studied are the monoculture of the black tiger prawn (Penneaus monodon) and milkfish (Chanos chanos) and the polyculture of the two species together with the mud crab (Scylla serrata). Factors affecting economic viability, social equity and environmental impacts in aquaculture are discussed and used to illuminate local and regional differences between aquaculture in Sri Lanka and the Philippines. Findings indicate that the most significant difference is the level of participation by local people (i.e., people originating ≤10 km away from the farm location). In the Philippines, 84 % of the people involved in aquaculture are locals, whereas in Sri Lanka, 55% are outsiders. Whether differences between the two areas can be explained by analyzing regional conditions, which might have resulted in different aquaculture practices, is discussed. In Sri Lanka, semi-intensive shrimp monoculture is currently the most common practice, whereas in the Philippines, extensive shrimp/fish polyculture is more common. Previous studies, as well as fieldwork, indicate that extensive culture practices reduce environmental impacts and benefit local people more. Sustainability in aquaculture is, however, also dependent on the extent of mangrove conversion into ponds. As such, extensive and locally owned farms do not necessarily result in an all but sustainable situation. Keeping this in mind, it is discussed if extensive polyculture practices might result in a more sustainable aquaculture, both environmentally and socioeconomically.     

活性炭在膜生物反应器中的应用研究进展

活性炭是一种非常优良的吸附剂,具有物理吸附和化学吸附的双重特性。本文介绍了近年来向膜生物反应器中投加活性炭的应用研究进展,表明投加活性炭可以提高膜生物反应器的处理效果,同时对改善膜污染有很好的效果。     

The Environmental Impact of Shrimp Aquaculture: Causes, Effects, and Mitigating Alternatives

Attracted by the demand for shrimp in the developed countries, shrimp aquaculture has expanded rapidly, mainly in the subtropical and tropical lowlands of America and Asia. This work provides a global review and viewpoint on the environmental impacts of shrimp aquaculture, considering the causes and effects of the siting and operation of shrimp ponds and abandonment of farm facilities. Additionally, mitigating alternatives are discussed. To date, approximately 1–1.5 million ha of coastal lowlands have been converted into shrimp ponds, comprising mainly salt flats, mangrove areas, marshes, and agricultural lands. The impact of shrimp farming of most concern is the destruction of mangroves and salt marshes for pond construction. Compatibility with other users, the presence of buffer zones, maintaining an acceptable balance between mangroves and shrimp pond area, improved pond design, reduction of water exchange, and an improved residence time of water, size and capacity to assimilate effluents of the water body, are examples of ways to mitigate the adverse effects. The use of mangroves and halophytes as biofilters of shrimp pond effluents offers an attractive tool for reducing the impact in those regions where mangrove wetlands and appropriate conditions for halophyte plantations exist. Healthy seed supply, good feed with the use of prophylactic agents (including probiotics), good water quality, and lower stocking densities are examples of actions suggested to control disease in shrimp farming. Finally, in the context of integrated management, research priorities are suggested.