KOH活化法制备牛粪活性炭的研究

以牛粪为原料,采用KOH活化法制备活性炭,并考察了浸渍比、活化剂浓度、活化时间和活化温度等不同制备条件对牛粪活性炭样品性能的影响.实验结果表明,在浸渍比1∶4、KOH质量分数35%、活化时间60min、活化温度700℃条件下制备的活性炭性能最佳,制得的活性炭比表面积为979.8m2·g-1,碘吸附值可达796.37mg·g-1,亚甲基蓝吸附值可达150.30mg·g-1.最后,将制备的牛粪活性炭应用于对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附,研究了最佳工艺条件下制备的活性炭吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的适宜条件.结果表明,在投加量为8g·L-1时、吸附时间90min、pH值为5和较低温度的适宜条件下,自制牛粪活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量最大.     

改性污泥活性炭吸附废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的性能研究

以污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,1.0 mol/L KOH做活化改性剂,制备污泥活性炭,探讨不同条件下其对废水中Cr(VI)的吸附性能.结果表明,污泥活性炭对Cr(VI)吸附的最佳条件为:pH为2,温度为25℃,污泥活性炭投加量为5 g/L,吸附时间为40 min.此条件下,废水中Cr(VI)的去除率可达99%以上.动力学分析表明,污泥活性炭对Cr(VI)废水的吸附符合准二级动力学方程与Langmuir等温式.     

载钛活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的电吸附行为

研究了载钛活性炭(TiAC)在一定电压下对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的电吸附/电脱附.结果表明,当Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为20mg/L,施加+1.2V电压时,TiAC对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附率比相同条件下的普通活性炭提高了17.1%,电极倒向后的脱附率提高了69.4%.Cr(Ⅵ)在TiAC上的电吸附符合二级反应动力学方程,其速率常数与电压间关系符合指数函数;其吸附等温线符合Freundlich等温方程,KF和1/n值与电压线性相关.     

针铁矿改性生物炭的制备及对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

在不同热解温度及原料配比条件下,采用水解共沉淀方法制备针铁矿改性生物炭材料（GMB）,借助SEM-EDS、XRD、FTIR、XPS进行表征,并进行Cr （Ⅵ）吸附实验,探究吸附性能和机理。结果表明:1）经改性后生物炭表面生成了羟基氧化铁（FeOOH）,吸附能力有大幅提升;2）热解温度为600℃,生物炭与Fe （NO₃）₃·9H₂O的质量比为1:12时制备的GMB600-12表现出最佳吸附性能,最大吸附容量为20.67 mg/g;3）准二级动力学揭示Cr （Ⅵ）的吸附以化学吸附为主,Langmuir和Freundlich模型都能很好地描述GMB对Cr （Ⅵ）的吸附特征;4） XPS的结果进一步表明GMB去除水溶液中Cr （Ⅵ）是氧化还原和表面吸附协同作用的结果。     

磁性荞麦壳炭的制备对水中Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能的研究

以当地农业废弃物荞麦壳为原料,用硝酸改性后负载磁性Fe3O4,得到一种易于分离的吸附剂荞麦壳磁性炭。在空气为载气的氛围中,用SHMADZU DTG-60差热-热重分析仪得到荞麦壳的最佳热解温度为589℃,XRD分析结果表明磁性荞麦壳炭晶体构成主要由半晶体涡轮层碳和一些矿物质组成,并检测到了Fe3O4的特征峰,通过傅里叶红外光谱分析(FTIR)表明磁性荞麦壳炭表面在3 426 cm-1较宽的吸收峰为磁性物质与荞麦壳炭缔合形成的—OH。探究了在不同影响因素下荞麦壳磁性炭对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附效果,结果表明,当pH值为5、Cr(Ⅵ)浓度150 mg/L、吸附时间为150 min、荞麦壳磁性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率达到98.3%。用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附模型对该吸附过程进行拟合,发现磁性荞麦壳炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附更符合Langmuir吸附模型。     

机械法制备角蛋白膜及其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附

利用机械法在添加甘油作增塑剂的条件下制备角蛋白膜,研究了温度和甘油添加量对膜的机械性能的影响,研究了最佳制备条件下160℃、甘油添加量40%的角蛋白膜对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能,吸附结果符合Langmuir型和Freundlich型等温吸附模型,吸附过程为吸热过程,物理和化学吸附共同作用,以物理吸附为主,在60℃下最大去除率为99.07%,最大吸附量为75.498mg/g。     

生物吸附剂对重金属Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能的研究

利用锯末和花生壳制备出对重金属离子具有较好吸附性能的生物吸附剂。研究了此种生物吸附剂对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能,并深入分析了吸附时间、pH、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度、吸附剂粒径、搅拌速度、共存阴离子对吸附的影响,并通过再生试验检验了吸附剂性质的稳定性和重复利用性。最佳吸附条件组合为:生物吸附剂Ⅰ初始浓度7 mg/L,吸附时间120 min,pH=2.0,温度30.2℃,投加量0.8 g,此时去除率达到85.01%;生物吸附剂Ⅱ初始浓度100 mg/L,吸附时间360 min,pH=2.0,温度30.1℃,投加量1.0 g,此时去除率达到87.96%。     

CTMAB/凹凸棒土颗粒的制备及其吸附Cr(Ⅵ)性能研究

以凹凸棒土粉末为原料经一定工艺制得凹凸棒土颗粒,采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)为改性剂,通过微波改性合成了CTMAB/凹凸棒土颗粒,确定了最佳制备工艺条件为煅烧温度550℃,改性剂浓度80 mmol/L,微波改性时间6 min。考察了Cr(Ⅵ)溶液初始浓度和p H的影响,当Cr(Ⅵ)溶液浓度为20 mg/L,p H=5.6,CTMAB/凹凸棒土颗粒投加量为4 g/L时,在最佳条件下制备的CTMAB/凹凸棒土颗粒对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率为90.7%。结果表明:改性后CTMAB进入到了凹凸棒土颗粒的表面及孔道,使其所带电性由负转为正,因而对以阴离子重铬酸根存在的Cr(Ⅵ)有更好的吸附性能,且Zeta电位随p H升高而降低,与去除Cr(Ⅵ)效率变化一致。吸附过程符合Langmuir等温线和Lagergren准二级速率方程,表明吸附为一种快速的单分子层化学吸附。     

活性炭纤维预处理方法对甲苯吸附性能的影响

研究了不同预处理方法下活性炭纤维对甲苯的等温吸附,以评价预处理方法对其吸附性能产生的影响,结果表明:经(1 9)HCl处理的ACF及蒸馏水蒸煮处理过的ACF与未处理的ACF相比,对甲苯的吸附性能有十分显著的提高;处理后的ACF在35℃时的甲苯吸附量仍明显高于未经处理的ACF在25℃下的甲苯吸附量.     

新型胺化介孔炭的制备及其对Pb(II)的吸附

采用微波辅助磷酸活化制备了高中孔率蔗渣基介孔炭,并通过硝酸氧化和乙二胺聚合在其孔道内修饰了含氮多胺基团,探索了溶液浓度、温度、吸附剂剂量等对改性介孔炭的Pb(II)吸附性能、行为和热力学特性的影响.结果表明,蔗渣基介孔炭较宽的孔道结构可通过乙二胺缩水聚合反应在其表面接枝酰胺、仲胺等含氮基团;胺化改性增强化了介孔炭对水溶液中Pb(II)的固定作用,改性后介孔炭对Pb(II)的吸附量高达180mg/g,是改性前介孔炭的1.5倍;改性介孔炭对Pb(II)的去除率显著增加,对溶液浓度<60mg/L的Pb(II)去除率接近100%.等温吸附与热力学数据表明,胺化改性介孔炭对Pb(II)的吸附位能量存在差异化,吸附是自发的吸热反应过程,温度对铅(II)离子吸附有促进作用,化学作用在吸附过程中发挥了重要作用.     

秸秆污泥基活性炭的制备及吸附H2S的实验研究

以市政污泥和玉米秸秆的混合物为原材料,KOH为活化剂,制备了秸秆污泥基活性炭(AC).实验考察了秸秆与污泥用量比例,以及活化剂用量对秸秆污泥基活性炭物化特性的影响.结果显示,m(污泥)∶m(秸秆)∶m(KOH)为3∶7∶2的条件下,制备的活性炭C372以微孔为主,微孔率达到0.59,比表面积达到369.271 m2·g-1.该活性炭的穿透硫容与饱和硫容均最高,分别为5.82 mg·g-1(以H2S计)和7.00 mg·g-1(以H2S计),活性炭表面内酯基的存在不利于其对硫化氢的吸附.SEM和BET表征分析显示,随着秸秆在污泥中比例的增加,活性炭比表面积增大,对H2S的吸附量提高.活性炭C372具有较好的再生性能,二次再生后其穿透硫容与饱和硫容均能恢复55%以上.     

Trihalomethanes adsorption on activated carbon fiber

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Effects of chemical modification on physicochemical properties and adsorption behavior of sludge-based activated carbon

This study aimed to explore the adsorption performance of sludge-based activated carbon (SBC) towards dissolved organic matters (DOMs) removal from sewage, and investigated the modification effect of different types of chemicals on the structure of synthesized SBC. Waste activated sludge (WAS) was used as a carbon source, and HCl, HNO₃, and NaOH were used as different types of chemicals to modify the SBC. With the aid of chemical activation, the modified SBC showed higher adsorption performances on DOMs removal with maximum adsorption of 29.05 mg/g and second-order constant (k) of 0.1367 (L/mol/sec) due to the surface elution of ash and minerals by chemicals. The surface elemental composition of MSBC suggested that the content of C-C and C-O functional groups on the surface of modified sludge-based activated carbon (MSBC) played an important role on the adsorption capacities of MSBC towards DOMs removal in sewage. Additionally, the residual molecular weight of DOMs in sewage was investigated using a 3-dimension fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) and high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC). Results showed that the chemical modification significantly improved the adsorption capacity of MSBC on humic acids (HA) and aromatic proteins (APN), and both of NaOH-MSBC and HCl-MSBC were effective for a wide range of different AMW DOMs removal from sewage, while the HNO₃-MSBC exhibited poorly on AMW organics of 2,617 Da and 409 Da due to the reducing content of macropore. In brief, this study provides reference values for the impact of the chemicals of the activation stage before the SBCs application.     

活化处理活性炭纤维的表面特性及其汞吸附性能

选用了3种比表面积不同的粘胶基活性炭纤维(ACF-1、ACF-2和ACF-3),并对样品ACF-1进行了浓硝酸和氨水活化处理,获得样品ACF-N和ACF-NH3,最后对这5种ACF样品进行表面特性表征和单质汞的吸附实验.氮分子吸附(77.4K)实验结果表明,ACF-N和ACF-NH3的微孔容积与ACF-1相比有所减小,各样品的微孔(d2nm)分布有一定差异.ACF含有许多不规则的表面微结构,其X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析表明,ACF-N的含氧官能团(CO、COOH)和ACF-NH3的含氮官能团含量与ACF-1相比均有明显增加.X射线衍射(XRD)分析结果表明,ACF-2和ACF-3的石墨化程度和晶体化程度较ACF-1有所提高.汞吸附实验表明,由于受到ACF表面微结构的影响,微孔容积与吸附能力之间并非简单的依附关系,增加含氧、含氮基团含量在一定程度上能提高ACF的汞吸附容量.     

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon foam from phenolic resin

Activated carbon foam was successfully prepared from phenolic resin synthesized with phenol and formaldehyde under alkali condition. The influence of process variables, such as steam rate, carbonization temperature, carbonization time, activation temperature and activation time on the adsorption capacities of the activated carbon foam was studied. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the activated carbon foam with a specific surface area 727.62 m²/g was obtained. Moreover, the iodine value and carbon tetrachloride value of the activated carbon foam was 1050.28 mg/g and 401.37 mg/g, respectively. The pore size of the activated carbon foam was in the range of 3.5–5 nm which was determined through the N₂ adsorption test. In addition, the yield of the activated carbon foam was 36.24%. The result of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the activated carbon foam became honeycomb structure, and its pore wall was thinner and smoother compared to the unactivated carbon foam.     

废旧Zn-C电池-活性污泥炭的制备及对SO_2的吸附

以污水厂二次污泥为主要原料,掺杂不同量的废旧Zn-C电池电极材料,采用Zn Cl2活化法制备出废旧Zn-C电池-活性污泥炭,表征分析污泥炭样品的碘吸附值、BET、FT-IR、SEM-EDS和XRD,并进行了低浓度SO2气体动态吸附试验.试验结果表明,污泥与电池粉末质量比为3∶1时,污泥炭的碘吸附值和比表面积分别达到750.6 mg·g-1和708.5 m2·g-1,优于纯污泥炭;回归分析表明,污泥炭吸附低浓度SO2的速率可用班厄姆公式描述,吸附平衡表达式可用Freundlih方程、Langmuir等温方程式表达,而Freundlih方程拟和效果更好.     

中孔结构对活性炭吸附卷烟烟气中有机物的影响

卷烟烟气中复杂化合物对大气环境的污染已经引起了全世界的关注.因此,本文以颗粒活性炭为原料,通过硝酸钙、水蒸气调控得到比表面积、微孔容量丰富且含有较高中孔率的介孔活性炭,研究了孔结构对三醋酸甘油酯和挥发性有机物吸附的影响.结果表明:活性炭对三醋酸甘油酯的吸附主要受到比表面积和微孔的影响,中孔对其吸附性能没有太明显的作用;中孔结构对苯、甲苯、丙酮的吸附可以起到明显的通道效应,大大提高了活性炭对挥发性有机物的去除能力.     

Application of activated carbon derived from scrap tires for adsorption of Rhodamine B

Activated carbon derived from solid hazardous waste scrap tires was evaluated as a potential adsorbent for cationic dye removal. The adsorption process with respect to operating parameters was investigated to evaluate the adsorption characteristics of the activated pyrolytic tire char (APTC) for Rhodamine B (RhB). Systematic research including equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies was performed. The results showed that APTC was a potential adsorbent for RhB with a higher adsorption capacity than most adsorbents. Solution pH and temperature exert significant influence while ionic strength showed little e ect on the adsorption process. The adsorption equilibrium data obey Langmuir isotherm and the kinetic data were well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The adsorption process followed intra-particle di usion model with more than one process a ecting the adsorption process. Thermodynamic study confirmed that the adsorption was a physisorption process with spontaneous, endothermic and random characteristics.