Study on increase in toxicity of Schiff bases on microorganism on chelation with metal

New heterochelates of the type [M(L)(SB)(H₂O)] (where M?=?Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II), KHL?=?potassium salt of salicylideneglycine and SB?=?thiophene- O -carboxaldeneaniline) have been synthesized. The heterochelates have been characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, electronic spectra, and magnetic measurement analyses. The structural and geometrical conformation has been discussed on the basis of IR spectral data. A thermal study of the complexes has been carried out to ascertain their thermal stability. Magnetic susceptibility measurements and electronic spectral data suggest a six-coordinated octahedral structure for these complexes. The increase in toxicity of the investigated heterochelate metal compounds was tested against three gram-negative bacteria, S. typhi, E. coli, and Serratia marcescens by the disc diffusion method. It is observed that the heterochelates show higher toxicity when compared to the Schiff bases, metal salts, and control (DMSO) due to chelation. The toxicity is also compared to the standard drug tetracycline.     

基于环境雌激素评估的卵黄蛋白原研究进展

卵黄蛋白原(Vitellogenin,Vtg)是卵黄蛋白(Vitellins,Vn)的前体.无脊椎动物的Vtg主要在肝胰腺、卵巢或脂肪体合成,脊椎动物主要在肝脏合成.在总结国内外相关研究基础上,对基于环境雌激素评估的Vtg研究进展进行了综述.目前的研究已经证明,Vtg的N末端氨基酸序列在动物进化中既具有高度的保守性,又具有一定的特异性.Vtg作为检测环境雌激素效应的生物标志物之一,在环境雌激素类化合物污染的评价中被广泛采用.Vtg的检测方法包括蛋白直接定量检测和mRNA定量分析,选择检测技术要依据实验设计,对于长时间的暴露实验,可通过检测蛋白来完成,短时间的暴露实验则适合半定量RT-PCR检测VtgmRNA的表达.在Vtg的检测中应考虑动物种属的特异性.     

土壤有机碳对磺胺甲噁唑吸附的影响

以从云南元阳采集的1个水稻土和1个非耕作土,按颗粒大小分组作为模型吸附剂,探讨磺胺甲噁唑在土壤上的吸附行为与土壤有机质的关系.结果表明,梯田水稻土对磺胺甲噁唑的吸附(Kd:1.33—5.08)明显高于非耕作土(Kd:0.27—1.53).吸附强度与土壤C含量和O+N+S含量呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.953、0.917和0.769、0.809,说明土壤有机碳可能控制了磺胺甲噁唑的吸附,以有机碳为代表的憎水性吸附点位对吸附有较高的影响,憎水性作用为主导机理.     

砖红壤上木麻黄接种Frankia菌的研究

在砖红壤上未经Frankia菌接种的木麻黄苗结瘤率很低，而用高效的菌株接种后，苗木的结瘤和生长显著提高．某些菌株之间存在着协同作用．在砖红壤中施加草木灰或适量的石灰，有利于根瘤的形成，从而促进苗木的生长．但过量的石灰则产生抑制作用．     

热带人工林生物物理参数及生物量对RADARSAT SAR信号响应研究

合成孔径侧视雷达穿透冠层而获得树干信息的特点使得其具有在南方NDVI易饱和地区的生物量估测方面优于光学遥感。文章利用地面实测调查数据,首次系统地研究了热带人工林生物物理参数及生物量对RADARSAT-SAR信号响应。结果表明:RADARSAT-SAR后向散射系数与森林生物量、树高、胸径可以用对数模型模拟。对于本实验区人工速生林来说,在森林生物量小于40 t.hm-2时RADARSAT-SAR后向散射系数与森林生物量具有较强相关性。桉树树高与后向散射系数的相关系数大于桉树胸径与后向散射系数关系。松树胸径与后向散射系数相关系数高于树高与后向散射系数的相关系数。研究结果为SAR在热带森林研究中的应用提供了一定的理论基础。     

Experiments on gravity currents propagating on unbounded uniform slopes

Gravity currents propagating on \(12^\circ \), \(9^\circ \), \(6^\circ \), \(3^\circ \) unbounded uniform slopes and on an unbounded horizontal boundary are reported. Results show that there are two stages of the deceleration phase. In the early stage of the deceleration phase, the front location history follows \({(x_f+x_0)}^2 = {(K_I B)}^{1/2} (t+t_{I})\), where \((x_f+x_0)\) is the front location measured from the virtual origin, \(K_I\) an experimental constant, B the total buoyancy, t time and \(t_I\) the t-intercept. In the late stage of the deceleration phase for the gravity currents on \(12^\circ \), \(9^\circ \), \(6^\circ \) unbounded uniform slopes, the front location history follows \({(x_f+x_0)}^{8/3} = K_{VS} {{B}^{2/3} V^{2/9}_0 }{\nu }^{-1/3} ({t+t_{VS}})\), where \(K_{VS}\) is an experimental constant, \(V_0\) the initial volume of heavy fluid, \(\nu \) the kinematic viscosity and \(t_{VS}\) the t-intercept. In the late stage of the deceleration phase for the gravity currents on a \(3^\circ \) unbounded uniform slope and on an unbounded horizontal boundary, the front location history follows \({(x_f+x_0)}^{4} = K_{VM} {{B}^{2/3} V^{2/3}_0 }{\nu }^{-1/3} ({t+t_{VM}})\), where \(K_{VM}\) is an experimental constant and \(t_{VM}\) the t-intercept. Two qualitatively different flow morphologies are identified in the late stage of the deceleration phase. For the gravity currents on \(12^\circ \), \(9^\circ \), \(6^\circ \) unbounded uniform slopes, an ‘active’ head separates from the body of the current. For the gravity currents on a \(3^\circ \) unbounded uniform slope and on an unbounded horizontal boundary, the gravity currents maintain an integrated shape throughout the motion. Results indicate two possible routes to the final stage of the gravity currents on unbounded uniform slopes.

     

化学污染物对鱼鳔的毒理学研究进展

鱼鳔(swimbladder)是帮助有鳔鱼类完成呼吸、保持流体静力、感觉声音等生理活动的重要功能器官之一。化学污染物暴露能够影响鱼鳔的正常发育或充气,对有鳔鱼类的生存具有潜在威胁。本文首先对鱼鳔功能、形态发育及分子机制进行了介绍。其次对化学污染物导致的鱼鳔发育异常或不充气等毒性效应进行了总结,对特定污染物的潜在作用机制进行了综述。最后对鱼鳔的环境/生态毒理学研究提出展望。     

糖厂碳法滤坭对赤红壤上柑桔施用效果初探

试验结果表明，施用碳法滤坭可明显地提高土壤的ｐＨ值和土壤的速效磷含量；适量滤坭配施钾肥可比单施钾肥显著或极显著地提高柑桔的产量，明显地提高柑桔果汁的Ｖｃ和柠檬酸含量，柑桔的可溶性固形物含量、可食部分和果汁含量也有提高；单施滤坭对提高柑桔产量和改善柑桔品质也有一定的效果．滤坭配施钾肥对提高柑桔产质的效果优于与其等当量的石灰配施钾肥，故认为碳法滤坭可代替石灰应用于改良赤红壤的酸性．     

大气氟化物对橡胶树的伤害实验研究

通过熏气模拟试验研究氟化氢气体对橡胶盆栽幼苗的影响。结果表明 :熏气后 ,橡胶苗出现典型受害症状 ,熏气浓度越高 ,受害越严重 ,叶片氟的积累量也越高。幼叶总是先于老叶受害 ,老叶对于氟的累积量高于幼叶 ;随着熏气浓度升高 ,电导率明显增加 ;熏气后 ,气孔发生变形 ,而且熏气浓度越高 ,变形越厉害 ;随叶片受害程度加大 ,叶片失绿 ,叶绿素含量降低。     

基于环境管理的河流健康评价体系的研究进展

随着河流环境的逐渐退化,其自然功能和社会功能都受到了严重的威胁,河流健康评价的研究也逐渐成为河流生态研究的热点之一。河流健康评价体系能够明确河流的健康状态,为环境管理和生态修复提高理论基础,同时提高环境管理和生态修复的针对性和有效性。然而,环境管理也是河流健康评价体系的制定基准和目标。文章从国内外研究对河流健康的内涵和河流健康评价的指标体系两个方面进行了综述和分析。目前,国际上对于河流健康的内涵逐渐由仅关注自然功能,向与社会功能等方面结合的方向扩充。河流健康评价指标体系主要有两种：一是指示物种评价法,二是指标综合体系评价法。通过比较这两种方法的发展和优劣,我国更适宜于指标综合体系评价方法,有助于环境管理措施的制定。最后,通过结合和借鉴国内外已有的研究成果,构建了针对我国国情的、基于环境管理的河流健康评价理论框架。     

海面溢油样品指纹解析

在2010年7月16日大连输油管道爆炸事故发生后,在24 h内分别于事故油罐、不同海面厚油膜区域采集原始油样及溢油样品;采用气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)对样品中的生物标志物进行检测,通过生物标志物特征比值的变化趋势,对以往溢油鉴别过程中常规生物标志物特征比值进行评价和筛选,并对溢油样品的指纹特征和风化规律进行解析.溢油样品的分析结果表明,在多种因素共同作用的不超过24 h的短期风化过程影响下,筛选排除的生物标志物比值均为国标GB/T 21247—2007中建议的nC17/Pr、nC18/Ph特征比值.化学消油剂与生物消油剂的盲目使用,有可能导致溢油指纹特征的显著变化.     

除草剂对土壤氮素循环的影响

土壤微生物参与土壤氮素循环的生物学与生物化学过程,对氮素形态转化与去向产生很大影响。在现代农作物生产上农田普遍施用除草剂,除草剂进入土壤生态环境中影响土壤微生物种群数量、活性和土壤氮素循环过程,在一定程度上改变氮素各去向的比例。因此,除草剂的施用对植物氮素吸收利用和土壤氮的环境释放具有一定效应。文章综述了除草剂对生物固氮、土壤氮矿化与转化、氨挥发、硝化反硝化、温室气体N2O排放、植物的氮吸收利用、土壤氮损失等方面的影响,并提出了今后进一步研究的方向,为减少氮素损失和温室气体排放以及除草剂使用的安全性评价提供参考。     

Intervention research on influence of biomass briquette on human health

Raw coal (RC) is the main fuel in many, especially rural parts of China. Biomass briquette (BB), which has less SO₂ emission, was developed as a cleaner alternative for RC. In this research, the cooking fuel of a group of countrywomen was switched from RC to BB and studied for health effects. Five biological indices percent of comet cell (COMET), lysozyme saliva (LYS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were chosen. All indices were measured three times during the 18-month experiment. Statistical analysis shows that there are significant changes in the indices. Using BB as a cooking fuel improves the function of anti-oxidation system and the nonspecific immune system, and reduces the DNA damage, which is negatively related to LYS and SOD.     

A note on the feeding of Calanus helgolandicus on detritus

Experiments on the feeding of Calanus helgolandicus females on detrital material were carried out. Natural detritus from the ocean was never ingested, whereas dead diatoms were readily eaten. Furthermore, it was shown that C. helgolandicus females ingested large amounts of fecal material produced by the same species in other vessels. These results indicate that the copepod C. helgolandicus feeds not only on living organisms, but also on dead particles.     

不同改良剂对铜矿尾矿砂的改良效果研究

研究了用蒙脱石、稻草和鸡粪作为改良剂对铜矿尾矿砂有效养分、有效态重金属含量、pH值以及对尾矿砂上黑麦草生长的影响。结果表明 :(1 )蒙脱石可显著提高尾矿砂对铵态氮的保留能力 ;(2 )施肥可降低尾矿砂的pH值 ,施用鸡粪可使尾矿砂pH值下降约 1个单位 ,而添加蒙脱石和稻草对尾矿砂pH值未产生明显影响 ;(3 )添加蒙脱石可使尾矿砂中铜、锌的有效态含量降低 ,而添加稻草和鸡粪则使其有效态重金属含量增高 ;(4 )随改良剂添加量的增加 ,蒙脱石和鸡粪处理组黑麦草吸收铜、锌的量减少而稻草处理组则增加 ;(5 ) 3种改良剂可明显影响尾矿砂上黑麦草的生长状况     

基于Client/Server数据完整性约束之研究

本文主要讨论基于Client/Server数据完整性约束及其如何实施企业业务规则,并以SQLServer和PowerBuilder为例,介绍了数据完整性约束的实现技术.     

磁性肥料及其对水稻生长的影响研究

磁性肥料能明显促进水稻的生长和提高生物产量，在以广州发电厂的粉煤灰为主要磁性物质时，对赤红壤和水稻来说，其磁性肥料磁处理的最佳磁感应强度是０．２２Ｔ．     

Preliminary study on effects of tourism on Mosuo matriarchal culture

The ethnic communities of Lugu Lake have experienced the rapid development of tourism because of the attractions of their culture and traditional customs as well as their beautiful environment. Tourism and other economic activities have a variety of socio-cultural effects on host communities. Based on a survey of 105 Mosuo families, statistic correlation analysis was used to examine the local people's viewpoints regarding marriage, language, traditional dress, diet, and factors which could lead to changes in people's opinions. The results show that although Mosuo people are more open to the outside world, Axia relationships and matrilineal families still dominate their life. More than 50% of interviewees have Axia relationships and live in matrilinear families. Tourism income, education and age are three important factors that impact on local people's viewpoints regarding their culture and life. People who are more educated and earn more money from tourism prefer traditional culture and customs. The younger generation is more likely to be affected by tourism because they have contact with the outside world more often in their everyday life. Further research is needed on how to protect the local culture from the boom in tourism, as well as how to minimise its influence on local residents.     

土壤肥力长期定位试验研究初报

１９８７～１９９７年的土壤肥力长期定位试验结果表明：空白区的产量更能反映耕地基础地力的高低;在目前的施肥水平下,氮、磷、钾配合施用能增加土壤有机质、全氮和碱解氮的含量;增施氮、钾肥能显著增加水稻产量。监测点较好地反映了广东省目前的农业生产状况,对农业生产具有一定的指导意义。