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S. D. Worley W. B. Wheatley H. H. Kohl J. A. Van Hoose H. D. Burkett N. Bodor 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1983,19(1):97-100
ABSTRACT: The stability in water of a novel new chloramine agent, 3-chloro-4, 4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone (agent I), which is an excellent water disinfectant, has been compared to the stabilities of several other water disinfectants. The agents tested in addition to agent I included N-chlorosuccinimide, 2, 4-dichloro-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin, tichloroisocyanuric acid, calcium hypochlorite, commercial grade HTH, and household bleach. The total chlorine content of a water solution of agent I in a demand free environment remains constant over a period of at least eight weeks, while that for all of the other agents declines markedly over that time period. An explanation for these observations will be offered. Prior work in these laboratories concerning use of agent I as a disinfectant for lake water in a laboratory scale treatment plant had shown that agent I has considerable potential for use as an alternative to chlorine gas for water disinfection. 相似文献
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The stabilities in water and dry storage of two solid-state disinfectants (3-chloro-4, 4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone, agent I, and calcium hypochlorite) have been compared under a variety of conditions. Variables in the study included pH, temperature, and water quality. Agent I is considerably more stable in dry storage and in water, especially at pH 4.5 and 7.0, than is calcium hypochlorite. This is true for solutions of the two compounds in sterile, distilled, deionized, demandfree water or in a synthetic water containing heavy organic load. Prior work in these laboratories concerning use of agent I as a disinfectant for lake water in a laboratory-scale treatment plant had suggested that agent I has considerable potential for use as an alternative to cholorine gas for water disinfection. The present work suggests that agent I is of sufficient stability to be of use as a solid-state disinfectant for swimming pools and for potable water for remote areas. 相似文献
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G. Sun T Y Chen M. S. Habercom W. B. Wheatley S. D. Worley 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1996,32(4):793-797
ABSTRACT: A new insoluble N-halamine polymeric disinfectant material has been tested in a water filter application to determine (1) its tendencies to leach undesirable decomposition products, (2) its range of potential applicability, and (3) its regenerability. In flowing water tests, poly-1,3-dichloro-5-methyl-5-(4‘-vinylphenyl)hydantoin (Poly-I) leached only small amounts of total organic carbon, free and total chlorine, anions, and volatile organics such as trihalomethanes. Furthermore, Poly-I provided bactericidal efficacy over the pH range 4.5 to 9.5 and at temperatures as high as 37°C. Poly-I is deactivated by reducing agents such as sodium thiosulfate and by ethanol; following deactivation, it can be regenerated by exposure to flowing aqueous free chlorine. Poly-I appears suitable for use as a biocidal filter for small potable and recreational waters, for it is effective over a wide pH and temperature range and is readily regenerable. It would not be useful, however, for disinfection of large bodies of water such as in city treatment plants because of its cost and the large amount of the material that would be necessary. 相似文献
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Lawrence K. Wang George G. Peery 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1975,11(5):919-932
ABSTRACT: The most common disinfection method is chlorination, however, it has been known that the practice of chlorination for water treatment in the Mississippi River area has caused a significant increase in mortality. The objective of this research was to search for effective disinfectants to replace chlorine. Three cationic surfactants have been tested for their bactericidal properties under various conditions. It has been found that 1 mg of cetyldimethyl-benzylammonium chloride can destroy about 4500 coliforms in one liter water within 10 minutes, under neutral pH conditions and room temperature. Cationic quaternary ammonium compound, therefore, can be a potential candidate disinfectant for replacing chlorine when necessary. 相似文献
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稳定型含氯消毒剂的稳定性及消毒效果研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用传统含氯消毒剂与一种磺酸基化合物络合,形成氯稳定体系的水溶液。对该消毒剂在6个月内的有效氟、pH值、氧化还原电位的监测结果表明:其稳定性相当好,pH基本保持不变,有效氯及氧化还原电位的变化率分别为0.51%与9.47%。定量消毒试验结果表明,稳定型含氟消毒剂的消毒能力强,其消毒能力仅略低于二氟异氰尿酸钠等含氯消毒剂,存放6个月后,对表皮葡萄球菌的杀灭率无明显变化。对加5%牛血清白蛋白的表皮葡萄球菌20min的杀灭率无变化。这种稳定型的含氯消毒剂将具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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S. D. Worley H. D. Burkett J. F. Price 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1984,20(3):369-371
A new organic N-chloramine disinfectant (3-chloro-4, 4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone, agent I) has been compared with calcium hypochlorite as to its tendency to react with organic matter in water to produce toxic trihalomethanes. Agent I reacts much less readily with organic demand than does calcium hypochlorite. This study shows that agent I should be safe to use as a disinfectant for water containing appreciable organic load in either sunlight or darkness. On the other hand, calcium hypochlorite may not be a satisfactory disinfectant from the toxicity standpoint for water which contains organic load which must be stored for extended time periods in either sunlight or darkness. 相似文献
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本文首次对武汉市不同季节饮水中卤代烃的种类和含量分布特性进行了调查和研究。调查与研究结果表明,武汉市水厂水源卤代烃含量范围为0.02—0.55μg/l,年平均含量低于0.2μg/1,水源水经氯化消毒处理后,出厂水卤代烃含量增加高达百倍,含量范围是1.3—6.20μg/l,年平均含量为13.9μg/l。饮水中卤代烃的主要成份是氟仿,约占卤代烃总量的90%。自来水加热至沸时,卤代烃含量增加约一倍。自来水中卤代烃主要来自源水氯化消毒过程中的卤仿反应,影响卤代烃含量的主要因素是源水水质。保护水厂水源提高水源,水质是解决武汉市饮水卤代烃污染的主要途径。 相似文献
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The water disinfecting behavior of silver-modified clinoptilolite–heulandite rich tuff (ZSAg) as an antibacterial agent against coliform microorganisms from water in a continuous mode was investigated. Silver recovery from the disinfected effluents by the sodium-modified clinoptilolite–heulandite rich tuff (ZSNa) was also considered. Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) and total coliform microorganisms, as indicators of microbiological contamination of water, were chosen to achieve the disinfection of synthetic wastewater or municipal wastewater. Ammonium (NH4+) and chloride (Cl−) ions were added to the synthetic wastewater as an interfering chemical species on the disinfection processes. The antibacterial activity of the ZSAg as a bactericide was measured by the coliform concentration as evaluated by the APHA method. The amount of silver in the disinfected effluents was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The inactivation of the ZSAg was calculated from the breakthrough curves based on the model reported by Gupta et al. It was found that when the silver concentration in the effluent is less than 0.6 μg/mL, the bacterial survival percentage increased and the volume of disinfected water diminished. The total silver amounts found in the effluent at the end of the disinfection processes varied depending on the water treated (synthetic or municipal wastewater). The presence of NH4+ ions in synthetic wastewater influent notably improved the disinfected water volume (zero NVC/100 mL), in comparison to the disinfection of the same influent without NH4+ ions. A contrary water disinfection behavior was observed in the presence of Cl− ions. The silver recovery does not depend on the mass of the sodium zeolitic bed according with the wastewater to be treated (synthetic or municipal wastewater) and the presence of NH4+ or Cl− ions in the influent also influenced the silver recovery from wastewater. The ZSNa did not have antibacterial activity. Therefore the amount of bactericide agent (silver-modified natural zeolite), coliform microorganisms from water (E. coli or consort of coliform microorganisms) as well as the water quality (synthetic wastewater or municipal wastewater) influenced both the disinfection process and the silver recovery in a column system. 相似文献
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Charles P. Gerba Timothy M. Straub Joan B. Rose Martin M. Karpiscak Kennith E. Foster Richard G. Brittain 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1995,31(1):109-116
ABSTRACT: A residential single family dwelling was retrofitted to recycle graywater for landscape irrigation and toilet flushing. The objective of this study was to determine improvements in graywater quality by evaluating five simple graywater treatment systems that were easily adapted to the household plumbing. The treatment systems consisted of (1) water hyacinths and sand filtration, (2) water hyacinths, copper ion disinfection, and sand filtration, (3) copper ion disinfection and sand filtration, (4) copper/silver ion disinfection and sand filtration, and (5) 20–μm cartridge filtration. Water quality parameters measured were fecal and total coliform indicator bacteria, nitrates, suspended solids, and turbidity. Reductions in bacterial concentration, suspended solids and turbidity were achieved by all systems tested. Treatment reduced nitrate concentrations to an average of 2.6 mg/liter. Reductions in suspended solids, and turbidity were influenced more by the quality of the graywater entering the treatment system than the efficiency of the systems themselves. The water hyacinths and sand filtration system provided the best graywater quality in terms of the concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria. The system providing the best water quality in regard to average suspended solids after treatment was the water hyacinths, copper ion, and sand filtration system, and the best average turbidity was achieved by the copper/silver ion generating unit with sand filtration. All systems were capable of significant reductions in fecal indicator bacteria, suspended solids, and turbidity; however, additional treatment or disinfection would be necessary to further reduce the level of coliform and fecal coliform bacteria to achieve regulatory standards in the State of Arizona. 相似文献
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采用已知孔径的微孔过滤器,对油田采出水的过滤进水进行了筛分,分析了悬浮物的质量浓度,并同步测定了颗粒体积浓度和几何特征值。除了D[v,0.5]具有指标性意义外,粒度分析结果并不能完全代表过滤等工艺的分离精度。悬浮物几何特征值、体积浓度和质量含量降低率不是同步的,其中质量浓度降低幅度最小。当粒径小于4μm的悬浮物质含量超过3mg/L时,难以被目前普遍采用的过滤工艺去除。应选择与膜过滤类似的更精密的工艺技术,才能最终达到采出水回用标准。 相似文献
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河水紫外线消毒的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文对河水紫外线消毒进行了研究,得到了水的浊度,水层厚度以及辐射时间与总大肠菌群存活率之间的相关关系,试验结果表明,当浊度≤12度,水层厚度≤72mm辐射时间为5分钟时,消毒后出水中的总大肠菌群数≤3个/L,并且电耗为0.29kw/m^3,该试验结果可作为工程设计的依据。 相似文献
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