WASTE INJECTION: TESTING FOR MECHANICAL INTEGRITY1

ABSTRACT: Results of computer calculations are presented which predict the pressure response of a closed casing annulus of an injection well to temperature and pressure variations of the injected waste stream. For example, a 3000 ft. disposal well receiving fluid at 100d̀F might cause an increase in annular pressure of some 500 psi. Graphs summarizing these results are included. The results will be of interest to waste injection well operators, inasmuch as they are required to monitor annulus pressure to prove mechanical integrity of their injection wells.     

A MODEL FOR PLANNING AND LOCATION OF ON-SITE WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS1

Abstract: A model that incorportaes performace data about data about several wastewater management systems is discussed. From these data the excepted behavior of an individual wastewater system or group of systems can be product of the performace probabilities of its individual components. The modeel can be used on a regional scale facilitating land use planning by allowing accurate estimates of performance for a prospective wastewater management system. At this scale it can allow the impact evaluation of new wastewater technology on land use in a region.     

COST ANALYSIS OF WATER AND WASTE WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES1

ABSTRACT: Mathematical modeling techniques are used to develop predictive equations for cost of water and waste water treatment processes in developing countries utilizing socioeconomic, environmental, and technological indicators. Predictive equations are developed for each of the three regions (Africa, Asia, and Latin America) for construction, operation, and maintenance costs of slow sand filter, rapid sand filter, stabilization lagoon, aerated lagoon, activated sludge, and trickling filter. Data analysis indicated that cost of water treatment processes is a function of technological indicator (percentage of imported materials), population, and the design capacity. The variables which gave the best correlation for waste water treatment cost were population, design flow, and the percentage of imported waste water disposal materials.     

MULTIPURPOSE OPERATION STUDIES OF A CANAL-LAKE-RIVER SYSTEM-OSWEGO RIVER SYSTEM,NEW YORK1

Use of systems analysis techniques for setting up flow regulation rules for the Oswego River System, a canal-river system with eight lakes, was examined. Two sets of lake regulation rules were proposed: the rule curve for each lake, and the lake-use priority curves for all the lakes. The former specifies balanced allocation of the storage in lakes to conservation pools and flood control pools and, the latter determines lakes releases depending upon the type of operation, the time of the year, and systems objectives. A generalized mathematical representation of the complex, multipurpose, multilake river systems operation is described. With appropriate measures of effectiveness and details of analysis, the problem was then solved with simulation and optimization. Use of the results in assisting basin plan formulation is also discussed.     

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL TO EVALUATE HYDROLOGIC RISK IN WATER RESOURCE SYSTEM DESIGN1

In this paper, a procedure for analyzing a water resource system with special emphasis on evaluation of acceptable economic risk due to occasional failures to deliver water is proposed. The basic methodology includes the development of a simple mathematical model which describes the physical hydrologic and economic characteristics of a single reservoir irrigation and city water supply system and an evaluation of economic benefits of the system with full and partial deliveries of water. The system is simulated for various combinations of decision variables (system magnitudes) and an optimum design is obtained by response surface technology. Emphasis is placed on the basic model and methodology although, in order to introduce some realism, the procedure is applied to data based on the existing reservoir system on the South Concho River in West Central Texas.     

A REVIEW ON DECISION MODELS IN ECONOMICS OF REGIONAL WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT1

ABSTRACT The literature on decision models in economics of regional water quality management is reviewed and classified.