转化高新技术促进烟气脱硫技术发展

文章综述了国内烟气脱硫技术及设备发展的历程和现状，分析了引进国外全套烟气脱硫技术装置对国内用户所造成的巨大经济压力，提出走转化高新技术发展国内烟气脱硫技术的道路，介绍了国内外脱硫技术与国内技术相结合，在天津市重点工程项目上实施的实例。     

脱硫技术应用中常见问题

对锅炉所采用的几种脱硫设备的特点作了比较，并对其应用过程中存在的一系列问题，诸如饱和问题、腐蚀问题、用水问题、带水问题和黑烟问题作了探讨，为有关单位选择采用脱硫技术时提供参考。     

富水农业植物废物的易降解性及对其他堆肥植物降解的影响

对富水型农业植物废物和其他典型城市植物固废进行了好氧堆肥实验．结果表明，富水型农业植物废物的有机质降解率最高，达到了69％．富水型农业植物废物和其他植物固废混合堆肥时能明显提高其他植物固废的降解率．富水型农业植物废物和其他典型城市植物固废混合物的质量比为2：1时，最高降解率39．1％．研究发现这与它们的组分有关，富水型农业植物含水率高达80％以上，含有的有机物质主要为易降解的蛋白质、脂肪、纤维和其他碳水化合物，C／N比在10：1～35：1之间．在堆肥物料中加入富水型农业植物废物可使堆肥的腐熟期缩短至20d，最低C／N比为18．5：1．图4表2参21     

燃煤烟气脱硫副产物的重金属环境行为

通过理化分析、盆栽生物试验及土壤淋溶试验，探讨了脱硫副产物的重金属农业环境行为。结果表明：燃煤烟气脱硫副产物中的总Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Se、Ni、Cu等指标，基本上都低于国标最高容许量和土壤环境质量二级标准，符合国家控制标准，但普遍高于土壤自然背景值含量。8～10g／kg土的供试物量处理，花生、萝卜、甘蔗和水稻的可食部分重金属均无超常累积现象，未导致农产品重金属的富集残留污染，不影响农产品安全品质。在表土层供试物量达到40g／kg条件下，土壤淋溶试验结果表明，施脱硫副产物未导致土壤淋滤液重金属污染，不可能通过降雨淋溶过程，渗透过1m左右的土层而污染地下水源。     

废碳粉中新污染物的环境健康风险与资源化利用

随着印刷业的快速发展,碳粉的产量不断增加,致使废碳粉排放量升高。目前,国际上对废碳粉的处置以直接填埋为主,在环境中持续累积且具有暴露风险。废碳粉中含有微纳米塑料、纳米氧化物、纳米炭等多种新污染物,存在潜在生态环境和人体健康风险。如何科学处置废碳粉,实现其资源化利用是管控废碳粉中新污染物环境健康风险的关键。该综述首先探讨了多种典型颗粒新污染物的单独和复合生态效应以及其与环境中土壤、水体等介质的相互作用,提出废碳粉可能具备生物毒性和生态风险。废碳粉可通过呼吸、接触及食物链传递等途径造成人体暴露,可能会对人体呼吸系统、肾脏、肝脏、肠道代谢、神经发育、心脏代谢、血管、生殖等产生毒性,其毒性具有尺寸、剂量和暴露时间依赖性。依据废碳粉的成分组成和性能分析归纳总结了其可能的回收和高值化利用技术,并对未来废碳粉的环境地球化学过程、环境健康和资源化利用等方面研究进行了展望,包括：1）发展环境中废碳粉的分离提取与检测定量技术,明确废碳粉的环境赋存量和赋存形态;2）结合实验室和中宇宙模拟与机器学习来探究环境相关浓度下废碳粉的生态和人体健康效应,并实现其风险评估;3）加强废碳粉回收和资源化利用的技术的创新,发...     

制备条件对Fe/AC脱硫活性的影响

考察了Fe/AC脱硫剂的煅烧温度和载铁量对脱硫活性的影响，并对脱硫剂进行了X－射线衍射（XRD）和EXAFS表征，结果表明：经250℃煅烧的Fe/AC脱硫剂具有最高的脱硫活性，200℃煅烧，前驱体未完全分解，高于250℃煅烧，会使活性组分聚集，二者均导致脱硫活性降低。Fe/AC脱硫剂适宜的载铁量为3．5－14％，大于14％担载量使脱硫剂微孔堵塞严重，致使其脱硫活性下降。     

燃煤烟气脱硫副产物对花生作物营养效应及其机理

花生盆栽试验研究结果表明，施脱硫副产物可增强供试土壤的离子吸附能力，提高土壤持水性和阳离子交换量；施脱硫副产物可显著增强花生对养分的吸收，提高单盆花生养分吸收量，但由于钙的离子拮抗效应增强。在花生生长后期，植株叶片钾、镁、氮质量分数下降，其影响程度与供试物施用量有关；在供试物施用量4.5～15g／kg条件下，花岗岩红壤上花生增产21.45％-25.59％，砂页岩赤红壤上花生增产40.52%～57.18％。     

钡渣处理与综合利用现状及发展

我国是碳酸钡生产大国，其生产过程中产生了大量的钡渣，属于危险固体废物.该文通过对国内外钡渣生产的污染现状和理化特性的介绍，结合文献资料，对有关钡渣处理利用的无害化处理、资源化利用、综合减量化等3个方面进行综述，并对其优缺点进行了分析.基于此，该研究以“以废治废”为思路，提出以废物协同处理为主要手段的未来综合发展方向，实现钡渣资源利用的环境效益和经济效益最大化，有效避免环境污染和资源浪费问题，以期为我国钡化合物环保、循环、绿色的处理处置技术应用提供参考.     

两种粉煤灰的烟气脱硫实验

采用粉煤灰(FA)和Ca(OH)2水合制得的高活性吸收剂作为二氧化硫的干法脱硫剂，重点研究了两种粉煤灰(电除尘灰和湿式水膜除尘灰)在同一配比、同一水合温度、同一水合时间下的脱硫效率，结果表明：电除尘灰比湿式水膜除尘灰脱硫效率高，并且电除尘的脱硫效率略微低于活性炭，同时介绍了粉煤灰的脱硫机理。     

城市污水生物除磷系统的特点工艺及其改进

本文以废水生物除磷的原理及特点为基础，介绍了城市污水生物除磷的主要工艺及其改进方法。     

Hospital waste generation and management in some provinces of Iran

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the rate of generation of different kinds of hospital waste and its management in 11 provinces of Iran in 2012. Waste samples were separated into two categories (domestic type and infectious waste) and weighed daily for 4 weeks, distributed over four seasons to determine quantities and composition. Data on waste management were collected through a questionnaire and interviews of hospital personnel. The total generation of hospital waste ranged from 2.3 to 4.6 kg bed-day^?1 for Razavi Khorasan and Sistan &; Baluchistan provinces. Generation of infectious waste varied from 1.0 to 1.7 kg bed-day^?1 for Sistan &; Baluchistan and Markazi provinces. The lowest and highest percentages of infectious waste generation were found in Golistan (3.8%) and Fars (15.3%). It was also revealed that management of sharps, infectious, and other hazardous wastes was not properly done. A segregation program must be implemented and each fraction of hospital waste must be collected and disposed of separately.     

Directions for hazardous waste storage and final disposal of treated hazardous waste (THW) in Austria

Austria produces about 700,000 tons of hazardous waste a year. Approximately 8% are sent to the incinerating facility EBS near Vienna. Approximately 60% THW (treated hazardous wastes) are finally disposed of. An unknown amount is sent to foreign countries for storage and landfilling.

By order of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Public Health our institute elaborates guidelines for designing and operating final disposal hazardous waste facilities.

This paper deals with the fundamental aspects and the present state of these guidelines.     

当代城市生活垃圾处理技术现状与展望——兼论中国城市生活垃圾对策视点的调整

以探究全球城市生活垃圾治理技术实践 ,展示人类面向 2 1世纪解决城市生活垃圾问题的新视点 ,并对我国垃圾对策视点的调整及垃圾产业化提出建议     

Hazardous waste management in educational and research centers: a case study

The hazardous waste management (HWM) practice at Tehran University of Medical Sciences Central Campus, Iran, was investigated in this study. Four schools were selected and the required information such as type and amount of wastes, temporary storage methods, waste discharge frequency, and final waste disposal methods using sampling, questionnaires, interviews with laboratory staff, and reference to available documents were gathered. The quantity of hazardous waste generation per year excluding the uncontrolled wastewater was found to be 2.072 tons per year. The obtained results show that wastes having features of being infectious, toxic, ignitable, carcinogenic, corrosive, and reactive were present at 32%, 28%, 16%, 14%, 8%, and 2%, respectively. In the central campus, hazardous solid wastes managed with household solid wastes and hazardous liquid waste were discharged into the sinks without any kind of control; improper HWM practices are evident from the point of waste production to final disposal.     

利用藻类养殖技术处理有机废水与人畜废物

未经处理而排放的有机废水及人畜废物会给环境造成严重污染，同时也造成了大量的资源浪费。利用藻类养殖技术处理这些废弃资源，既改善了环境又可生产出优良的藻类产品，具有巨大的社会与经济效益。本文对该领域的特点、具体应用及其前景作了较为详细的论述。     

我国的固体废物管理研究

通过对 国固体废物的管理现状分析,对我国固体废物管理的出路进行了探讨。     

Evaluation of soil microbial toxicity of waste foundry sand for soil-related reuse

The relationship between the chemical con- taminants and soil microbial toxicity of waste foundry sand （WFS） was investigated. Five different types of WFS from typical ferrous, aluminum, and steel foundries in China were examined for total metals, leachable metals, and organic contaminants. The soil microbial toxicity of each WFS was evaluated by measuring the dehydrogenase activity （DHA） of a blended soil and WFS mixture and then comparing it to that of unblended soil. The results show that the five WFSs had very different compositions of metal and organic contaminants and thus exhibited very different levels of soil microbial inhibition when blended with soil. For a given WFS blended with soil in the range of 10wt.%-50wt.% WFS, the DHA decreased almost linearly with increased blending ratio. Furthermore, for a given blending ratio, the WFSs with higher concentrations of metal and organic contaminants exhibited greater microbial toxicity. Correlation analysis shows that the relationship between ecotoxicity and metal and organic contaminants of WFSs can be described by an empirical logarithmic linear model. This model may be used to control WFS blending ratios in soil-related applications based on chemical analysis results to prevent significant inhibition of soil microbial activity.     

上海浦东垃圾焚烧发电厂飞灰性质研究

研究了上海浦东新区垃圾焚烧发电厂烟气净化系统飞灰的物理和化学性质 .结果表明 :飞灰为含水率很低的灰色粉末 ,主要由Si,Al,Ca,Na ,K ,Mg ,Fe ,C和S组成 .飞灰中Pb的浸出浓度高于危险废物鉴别标准 ,为危险废物 .矿物组成主要为SiO2 ,Al2 SiO5,Na Cl,KCl,CaAl2 Si2 O8,Zn2 SiO4,CaCO3和CaSO4等 ;溶解盐含量高达 1 7 9%— 2 2 1 % ,酸中和能力约为 3 0meq·g- 1 — 6 0meq·g- 1 ,对环境pH变化的抵抗能力强 .     

Industrial solid waste flow analysis of eco-industrial parks: implications for sustainable waste management in China

Sustainable waste management in the industrial ecology perspective brings enormous challenges to the existing methodology of waste analysis at the industrial park (IP) scale. In this study, a four-step method was proposed for industrial solid waste (ISW) flow analysis of eco-industrial parks (EIPs) and applied to two IPs in eastern China. According to a park-wide census of 619 industrial enterprises and 105 questionnaires by a survey from 2006 to 2008, the results indicated that: 1) at the enterprise scale, more than 60% of enterprises were small-ISW-generation enterprises which encountered great difficulties on effective waste management; 2) at the IP scale, though the two IPs have set up their own environmental management systems and passed the ISO 14001 certification, the efficiencies of the ISW management systems have yet to be improved in the industrial ecology perspective; and 3) at the regional scale, more than 97% of ISW flowed within the provincial region, indicating that the provincial governments prevented the wastes from flowing into their own “back yard”. Effective waste management should be placed in a broader perspective. Approaches to sustainable waste management may include wastes exchange, efficient waste and information flow, virtual EIP, waste minimization clubs and regionalization of waste management.     

青岛市“三废”排放的环境库兹涅茨特征分析

环境库兹涅茨曲线(Environmental Kuznets Curve,简称EKC)常用来描述经济增长与环境质量之间的关系,典型的EKC一般呈倒U形。通过对1986—2003年青岛市环境经济数据的经济计量模型研究,发现青岛市“三废”排放的EKC不完全符合典型的EKC特征,并对这一结果进行了初步分析。