Bi掺杂In2TiO5纳米带的制备及其光催化性能

以Bi(NO_3)_3、Ti(OC_4H_9)_4、In(NO_3)_3和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP-K30)为原料,采用静电纺丝法和沉淀法相结合,成功制备了Bi掺杂In_2TiO_5(Bi-In_2TiO_5)纳米带.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能量色散谱(EDS)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)和氮气吸附-脱附等温线(BET)等技术对样品进行表征.结果表明,Bi的掺杂未引入新的杂相,样品均为正交晶系结构,掺杂前后样品的形貌未发生明显变化.适量的Bi掺杂,在In2Ti O5晶格中形成杂质能级,降低了In_2TiO_5的带隙能.当掺杂量为2%时,制备的Bi-In_2TiO_5纳米带的光催化活性最高.在氙灯(150 W)辐照下,150 min,对罗丹明B的降解率达95.8%,且该催化剂对氟喹诺酮类抗生素左氧氟沙星(LEV)也表现出优良的光催化降解性能.     

铜卟啉修饰In2TiO5纳米带的制备及其光催化性能

以5,10,15,20-四苯基铜卟啉（CuTPP）和5-（4-氨基苯基）-10,15,20-三苯基铜卟啉（CuAPTPP）为敏化剂,采用溶剂热法成功制备了铜卟啉敏化In₂TiO₅复合光催化剂.利用紫外、FT-IR、XRD、SEM、UV-vis DRS和N₂吸附脱附曲线对所得铜卟啉及复合光催化剂进行表征和分析.结果表明,铜卟啉负载于In₂TiO₅纳米带表面,复合光催化剂的禁带宽度及比表面积出现一定程度的减小,但未改变In₂TiO₅的晶型及形貌.其中,CuTPP敏化In₂TiO₅复合光催化剂的光催化活性最强,在模拟太阳光的照射下,120 min时罗丹明B（RhB）的降解率高达98.9%,而In₂TiO₅纳米带对RhB的降解率仅为33.5%,且循环使用5次后其光催化降解率仍保持在95%以上.     

混晶纳米TiO_2的制备及其光催化降解有毒有机污染物

以无定形TiO2沉淀为前驱体,在水热条件下得到了含板钛矿(121)相混晶纳米TiO2,考察了水热反应的温度和时间等因素对含板钛矿型TiO2光催化活性的影响.采用XRD、TEM对制备的TiO2进行初步表征,并结合光催化(λ≤387 nm)降解有机染料的光活性探针反应.结果表明,水热温度为150℃,时间为24 h时,可制得具有较高光催化活性的纳米TiO2,其纳米尺寸为14.20 nm,板钛矿相含量63.6%,锐钛矿含量为36.4%.光催化实验中跟踪研究了其对染料酸性桃红(sulforhodmineB,SRB)的褪色及2,4-DCP的降解情况,并对降解中间产物H2 O2、.OH进行跟踪测定,实验结果表明板钛矿相混晶TiO2的光催化主要涉及.OH氧化历程,光照射9 h对SRB和2,4-DCP的矿化氧化分别达到89%和78%,循环5次光催化降解SRB实验,催化剂表现出较好的稳定性,催化性能无明显变化.     

静电纺丝制备TiO2／PAN纳米纤维毡及其性能研究

采用超声波水解技术水解TiCl4制备纳米TiO2粒子,与聚丙烯腈（PAN）的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）溶液共混后,通过静电纺丝制得具有光催化活性的TiO2／PAN纳米纤维毡,并用其对模拟废水中苯酚进行光催化降解实验。X射线衍射（XRD）表征结果显示制备的TiO2为锐钛矿。用场发射扫描电镜（FE—sEM）观察纤维毡的形态,显示纤维的直径随纺丝液浓度增大而增大。对苯酚进行光催化降解结果表明：纺丝液浓度质量分数为5％TiO2／PAN纤维毡对苯酚的降解率最高,对100mg／L,50mg／L和20mg／L苯酚的降解率分别为51．1％,87．5％和99．6％。纤维毡循环使用5次后对于20mg／L苯酚的降解率为87．4％。     

硅藻土基纳米TiO2降解甲醛的实验研究

对比研究了硅藻土和硅藻土基纳米二氧化钛光催化剂对甲醛的吸附降解特点.通过改变反应器内甲醛的初始浓度、反应温度、光照强度和相对湿度,研究了涂覆量为62.5 g·m^-2的硅藻土基纳米TiO₂光催化剂对甲醛气体的降解效果.研究结果表明,硅藻土只对甲醛有一定的吸附作用,而硅藻土基纳米TiO₂对甲醛具有持续的吸附和降解作用.反应器内甲醛初始浓度越高,降解时间越长;初始浓度为6.0×10^-3 mg·L^-1的甲醛气体,经过150 h降解率才能达到99%以上,而初始浓度为2.0×10^-3 mg·L^-1和4.0×10^-3 mg·L^-1的甲醛气体分别在14 h和32 h内就可以达到相同的降解率.反应温度越高,硅藻土基纳米TiO₂降解甲醛所需要时间越短;15 ℃时将初始浓度为2.0×10^-3 mg·L^-1的甲醛完全降解需要50 h,而45 ℃时仅需12 h.光照是硅藻土基纳米TiO₂降解甲醛的直接动力,光照强度为0时,甲醛几乎不能被降解,只被硅藻土基纳米TiO₂光催化剂吸附;在8100 lx的照度下,浓度为2.0×10^-3 mg·L^-1的甲醛在14 h内能被完全降解.环境相对湿度越大,该催化剂对甲醛的降解越彻底;相对湿度50%时, 硅藻土基纳米TiO₂光催化剂14 h内能将2.0×10^-3 mg·L^-1的甲醛降解到3.72×10^-5 mg·L^-1,在相对湿度80%时,甲醛能被降解到1.0×10^-5 mg·L^-1.     

N/S/SnO2-TiO2的制备及对染料的光降解活性研究

以尿素、硫脲分别作为N、S源,氯化锡作为Sn源,利用水热法合成了N/S/Sn O_2-Ti O_2产品.同时,采用XRD、SEM、XPS等技术对不同煅烧温度处理后的产品进行了表征.最后,以质量浓度为0.02 g·L~(-1)的甲基橙水溶液为模拟污染物,采用UV-vis光谱及BET分析研究了产品的光催化活性效果.实验结果表明,当煅烧温度为550℃时,水热合成出的产品结晶度较高,粒径较小,约20 nm左右.S以+6价形式进入Ti O_2晶格形成Ti—O—S键,N通过取代晶格中的O形成O—Ti—N键,Sn以Sn O_2的形式分散在Ti O_2产品中.Sn Cl4的加入不仅与C16H36O4Ti竞争水源,缓解C16H36O4Ti的水解,而且对产品有一定的分散效果.光催化活性实验结果表明,当紫外灯照射时间达到1 h时,N/S/Sn O_2-Ti O_2降解甲基橙溶液基本完成,脱色率达到95%以上.     

静电纺丝法制备CaIn2O4-In2O3纳米带及其光催化性能

利用静电纺丝技术原位制备了准一维结构CaIn_2O_4-In_2O_3纳米带.采用XRD、SEM、TEM、EDS、UV-vis DRS、N_2吸附-脱附曲线等对合成的光催化剂进行表征,并以对苯二甲酸(TA)为分子探针物质,结合荧光技术探讨了光催化反应过程中·OH自由基的变化.以亚甲基蓝(MB)为降解目标物,考察了CaIn_2O_4-In_2O_3纳米带的光催化活性,并研究了溶液pH及MB初始浓度对其光催化活性的影响.研究结果表明,宽度约为(663±75) nm的CaIn_2O_4-In_2O_3纳米带由直径约为80 nm的纳米颗粒组成,且纳米颗粒之间有一定的孔隙.模拟太阳光辐照120 min,MB的降解率为76%,且降解过程服从一级动力学模型.CaIn_2O_4-In_2O_3纳米带在酸性环境中显正电性,且光催化反应体系中·OH自由基的生成量随反应时间线性增加.CaIn_2O_4与In_2O_3的耦合使得合成的光催化剂在模拟太阳光下具有良好的光催化活性.     

附载二氧化钛光催化降解水中对氯苯胺(PCA)

以紫外灯为光源 ,附载在镍网上的 TiO₂ 为催化剂 ,研究水中 PCA光催化降解动力学行为和机理 .结果表明 ,PCA的降解符合准一级动力学方程 ;初始 pH4～11对其反应速率影响较小 ;增大氧气浓度能加快 PCA的降解和脱氯速率 ;外加电位能大幅度提高 PCA的降解速率 .通过 GC-MS技术确定其降解中间产物主要有苯胺、硝基苯、对氯硝基苯、偶氮苯、4,4′-二氯偶氮苯等 ,它们最终矿化为 NH⁺₄、Cl^-、NO^-₃ 和 CO₂ .光催化能有效地降解 PCA但其矿化比降解需要更长的时间 .     

硼掺杂CeO2/TiO2光催化剂的制备及其活性研究

在三氯化钛和钛酸丁酯水解过程中引入硼酸、硝酸铈,制备了具有可见光活性的硼(B)掺杂CeO₂/TiO₂复合氧化物光催化剂,采用XRD、DRS、XPS等手段进行表征,以偶氮染料酸性红B为模型污染物评估了催化活性.结果表明,硝酸铈加入量影响催化剂的吸收带边,随用量增加,吸收带边红移至481nm(Ce/Ti=1.0,摩尔比),继续增加用量,吸收带边轻微蓝移.催化剂晶相组成与焙烧温度有关,500℃时焙烧样品主要由立方晶型CeO₂和锐钛矿TiO₂组成,焙烧温度高于700℃时,TiO₂转化为金红石型,CeO₂则无显著变化.随焙烧温度升高,催化剂吸收带边明显蓝移,综合考虑催化剂稳定性和太阳能利用,认为500℃焙烧较为合适.B1s XPS显示仅有少量B原子进入复合氧化物晶格取代了氧原子,主要以B₂O₃形式存在.酸性红B降解试验显示B掺杂CeO₂/TiO₂可以提高TiO₂的催化活性,紫外光辐射10min最高可使96.0%的酸性红B分解,且反应彻底,表现出较强的氧化能力,但Ce/Ti>0.5(摩尔比)时催化活性显著下降.     

基于BP神经网络优化制备Cu-Ce/TiO_2及其光催化活性研究

采用Cu和Ce对TiO2进行改性,基于正交实验设计和BP神经网络研究了Cu-Ce/TiO2中Cu-Ce对TiO2的摩尔百分数、Cu-Ce/TiO2中CuCe摩尔比及Cu-Ce/TiO2烧结温度对Cu-Ce/TiO2光催化降解甲醛溶液性能的影响.同时,对Cu-Ce/TiO2制备方案进行了优化,并运用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和紫外-可见分光光度计对最佳条件下制备的Cu-Ce/TiO2进行表征.结果表明,优化的制备条件为Cu-Ce/TiO2中Cu-Ce对TiO2的摩尔百分数为2.88%,Cu-Ce/TiO2中Cu-Ce的摩尔比为1∶1,Cu-Ce/TiO2的烧结温度为570℃.共掺杂Cu离子和Ce离子能有效避免掺杂TiO2晶格内部表层和近表层产生较多的位错,从而抑制晶格畸变增大;诱导TiO2中锐钛矿型晶体向金红石型晶体转变的能力增强,有效抑制电子-空穴对的复合,产生介电局域效应.     

Effect of TiO2 calcination temperature on the photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous NH3

Carbon-modified titanium dioxide(TiO2) was prepared by a sol-gel method using tetrabutyl titanate as precursor, with calcination at various temperatures, and tested for the photocatalytic oxidation(PCO) of gaseous NH3 under visible and UV light. The test results showed that no samples had visible light activity, while the TiO2 calcined at 400℃ had the best UV light activity among the series of catalysts, and was even much better than the commercial catalyst P25. The catalysts were then characterized by X-ray diffractometry, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption analysis, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry coupled with mass spectrometry, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra, photoluminescence spectroscopy and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. It was shown that the carbon species residuals on the catalyst surfaces induced the visible light adsorption of the samples calcined in the low temperature range( 300℃). However, the surface acid sites played a determining role in the PCO of NH3 under visible and UV light over the series of catalysts. Although the samples calcined at low temperatures had very high SSA, good crystallinity, strong visible light absorption and also low PL emission intensity, they showed very low PCO activity due to their very low number of acid sites for NH3 adsorption and activation. The TiO2 sample calcined at 400℃ contained the highest number of acid sites among the series of catalysts, therefore showing the highest performance for the PCO of NH3 under UV light.     

Characterizing the optimal operation of photocatalytic degradation of BDE-209 by nano-sized TiO2

Brominated flame retardants have been widely used in industry. There is a rapid growing public concern for their availabilities in the environment. Advanced oxidation process (AOP) is a promising and efficient technology which may be used to remove emerging chemicals such as brominated flame retardants. This project aims at investigating optimal operational conditions for the removal of BDE-209 using nano-scaled titanium(IV) oxide. The residual PBDE congeners after photocatalytical degradation of BDE-209 by TiO₂ were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that the degradability of BDE-209 by TiO₂ was attributed to its photocatalytic activity but not the small size of the particles. The half-life of removing BDE-209 by TiO₂ was 3.05 days under visible light. Tetra- and penta-BDEs were the major degraded products of BDE-209. Optimum conditions for photocatalytical degradation of BDE-209 was found to be at pH 12 (93% ± 1%), 5, 10, 20 mg/L (93.0% ± 1.70%, 91.6% ± 3.21%, 91.9% ± 0.952%, respectively), respectively of humic acid and in the form of anatase/rutile TiO₂ (82% ± 3%). Hence, the efficiency of removing BDE-209 can be maximized while being cost effective at the said operating conditions.     

Zr\TiO2纳米管的制备及其光催化活性的初步研究

采用水热合成法以锐钛型Zr/TiO2纳米粒子为原料制备了掺杂锆二氧化钛纳米管,用TEM、EDS、BET对其进行了表征.结果表明,采用水热合成法制备的纳米管,其形貌均一,多层管壁.比表面积达到了291 m2·g-1,远远大于Zr/TiO2纳米颗粒的比表面积(76 m2·g-1).以罗丹明B为目标降解物的光催化实验表明,与Zr/TiO2纳米颗粒相比,Zr/TiO2纳米管的光催化活性有了显著的提高.     

V2O5/TiO2催化剂中毒机理的试验研究

选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂是SCR烟气脱硝技术的核心,是整个SCR系统脱硝效率和经济性的决定因素.本文工作的主要研究思路是以钒钛SCR催化剂为研究对象,研究了H2O和SO2,以及相同含量下K、Na、Ca、Pb的氧化物对钒钛催化剂NO转化率的影响.H2O的存在会抑制V2O5/TiO2催化剂脱硝活性,而SO2在一定程度上促进(V2O5/TiO2)催化剂的SCR脱硝反应,提高NO转化率;碱金属K对钒钛催化剂的钝化作用都是最强,K2O和Na2O的掺入会抑制钒钛催化剂上V2O5的还原能力,而CaO和PbO的掺入对钒钛催化剂上V2O5的还原能力影响较小.     

Effect of transition metal doping under reducing calcination atmosphere on photocatalytic property of TiO2 immobilized on SiO2 beads

TiO₂ immobilized on SiO₂ (TiO₂/SiO₂) have been prepared by sol-gel method and various ions of transition metals (Cr³⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺) were doped on the photocatalyst using wet impregnation method under reducing calcination atmosphere. The photocatalytic activity of metal doped TiO₂/SiO₂ towards phenol degradation under black light irradiation were investigated and compared with undoped TiO₂/SiO₂. The results showed that the photoresponse of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ doped TiO₂/SiO₂ were larger than undoped TiO₂/SiO₂, indicating that the photogenerated carriers were separated more efficiently in Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ doped TiO₂/SiO₂. The reactivity was in the order of Cu²⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Ni²⁺ > Cr³⁺ > Co²⁺. The different photoreactivity was ascribed to combine effect of the different ionic radii and photocorrison tendency of the dopants. The sample was also characterized by surface analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron micrograph/electron dispersive X-ray analyzer and UV-Vis absorption spectrum.