Fenton试剂氧化法处理印染废水实验研究

通过将Fenton法应用于印染废水的处理,研究pH值、温度、反应时间、Fe2+投加量以及H2O2投加量对Fenton试剂处理印染废水的影响,同时确定Fenton法处理印染废水的最适反应条件。实验结果表明:(1)最适反应条件,即pH值、温度、反应时间、Fe2+投加量、H2O2投加量分别为3,50℃,45 min,70 mg/L,2.5 mL/L,此时COD的去除率最高,为66.60%。(2)pH值为3时,下列因素对COD的去除率影响程度大小依次为H2O2投加量Fe2+投加量反应时间反应温度。     

Fenton氧化深度处理维生素B_(12)废水的研究

以维生素B12废水经"厌氧-A/O"工艺处理后的出水为研究对象,考察了Fenton试剂氧化法深度处理该废水的效果和影响因素。结果表明,Fenton试剂氧化法处理该废水具有良好的净化效果,在进水pH值为7.5,ρ(COD)为118mg/L的条件下,出水ρ(COD)为41 mg/L,COD去除率可达65.2%。优化确定的最佳操作参数为:H2O2投加量为1.8ml/L,H2O2/Fe2+为5∶1,反应时间为80 min,废水pH值为3.5,反应温度为40℃。     

Fenton氧化技术处理印染废水的试验研究

采用Fenton试剂对含分散红E-4B和活性艳兰KN-R染料组成的模拟印染废水进行氧化处理,考察了H2O2和Fe2＋浓度、pH、反应时间等因素对去除效果的影响。在H2O2投加量为5.0ml/L,Fe-SO4.7H2O投量为1.1g/L,pH为3,反应25min后静置5min的条件下,初始COD为700mg/L,色度为1200倍的废水的COD去除率可达到95%,脱色率达97%。结果表明,Fenton试剂对该废水可以起到很好的处理效果。     

Fenton试剂处理苯酚废水的研究

Fenton试剂作为一种强氧化剂,广泛应用于废水处理。本文通过单因素及正交实验分析了pH、H2O2投加量、Fe2+浓度、反应时间等因素对Fenton试剂降解苯酚废水的影响。结果表明其影响的主次关系为:FeSO4·7H2O用量pH值H2O2用量反应时间。最佳条件为:FeSO4·7H2O投加量为6g/L、pH=3、H2O2溶液投加量为8mL/L、反应时间为50min,此时CODCr去除率高达95.03%。     

金刚烷胺模拟废水Fenton氧化及其中间产物分析

采用Fenton试剂氧化法处理模拟金刚烷胺废水,研究不同反应条件下Fenton试剂对金刚烷胺的去除效果,确定反应的最佳条件。结果表明:当反应温度为常温(23～25℃),pH为4,H2O2投加量为3000mg/L,H2O2与Fe2+的质量比为1.28时,处理含金刚烷胺浓度为500mg/L废水,CODCr去除率为30%～80%,处理效果良好。因此,Fenton试剂可以有效降解金刚烷胺。通过Fenton反应,金刚烷胺废水的可生化性得到提高,B/C由0提高到0.1～0.4。对Fenton氧化金刚烷胺的中间产物的分析发现,Fenton氧化反应5min后,系统中没有检出金刚烷胺。反应30min后,中间产物已基本完全降解。     

Fenton试剂处理青霉素废水实验研究

以青霉素废水为研究对象 ,初步探讨了 Fenton试剂处理有毒有机废水时各影响因素的作用机制 ,通过实验确定了 Fenton试剂氧化降解青霉素废水的适宜操作条件为 :CODCr为 30 0 0 mg/L左右的青霉素废水 ,p H为 6.0、H2 O2 (30 % )投加量为 0 .6% (体积分数 )、Fe SO4 · 7H2 O投加量为 0 .2 % (质量分数 )、反应时间为 lh,此条件下废水 CODcr的去除率可达 70 % ,而且该方法设备简单 ,易于下一步实现工业放大 ,是一种有较好开发前景的处理青霉素废水工艺。     

Fe^2＋/NaClO深度处理焦化废水的研究

研究采用NaClO产生的HClO代替Fenton试剂中的氧化剂H2O2,并与Fe^2＋协同处理焦化厂二级生化出水。结果表明：NaClO投加量,溶液的初始pH值,Fe^2＋投加量,反应温度和投加方式是影响Fe^2＋/NaClO处理焦化废水效果的重要因素,而反应时间对处理效果的影响不大。在相同实验条件下,Fe^2＋/NaClO协同处理焦化废水的效果优于Fenton试剂。NaClO投加量为2 mL/L,pH=3,Fe^2＋投加量为40 mg/L,反应时间为10 min,反应温度为25℃～45℃的最佳实验条件下,Fe^2＋/NaClO对CODcr的去除率和色度的去除率分别为62.2%和81.7%,剩余CODcr能降到136 mg/L,色度减小为64倍,达到了国家二级排放标准的要求。     

Fenton试剂处理苯酚废水的研究

利用Fenton试剂对吉林某化工厂产生的苯酚废水进行试验研究,探讨了H2O2、FeSO4·7H2O、pH值、反应时间等因素对苯酚废水中COD去除效果的影响。结果表明：Fenton试剂处理苯酚废水时,受到影响因素的作用大小顺序为H2O2〉FeSO4·7H2O〉pH〉反应时间。并确定Fenton处理此类苯酚废水时最佳的运行条件为：H2O2=8mL／L,FeSO4·7H2O=1．5g／L,pH=3．5,反应时间为40min,且此条件下COD去除率为79％。     

Fenton试剂深度处理阿维菌素废水

采用Fenton试剂对阿维菌素废水好氧处理出水进行深度处理,通过正交和单因素试验,考察了初始反应pH值、H2O2投加量、FeSO4投加量和反应时间对废水COD去除率的影响。试验结果表明,最佳反应条件为初始反应pH值3.0、30%H2O2投加量5‰、0.5 mol/L FeSO4投加量1%和反应时间40 min,COD去除率达75%以上,出水ρ(COD)<120 mg/L,可满足GB 21903-2008《发酵类制药工业水污染物排放标准》表2的排放标准要求。     

Fenton化学氧化法深度处理精细化工废水

根据某精细化工厂的废水经过长时间的厌氧-好氧生化处理,难以进一步生物降解的特点,采用Fenton试剂进行高级氧化处理。通过实验探讨了不同的H2O2和Fe2+浓度、反应时间、pH等因素对二级生化出水COD去除率的影响。在H2O2投加量为18mmol/L,FeSO·47H2O投加量为12mmol/L,反应时间1.5h,废水的pH=4的条件下,二级生化出水的COD去除率达到82.61%,降到100mg/L以内,达到国家一级排放标准。     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.