转炉煤气系统内钢结构腐蚀原因及机理分析

针对转炉煤气系统内钢结构腐蚀问题,选取系统内腐蚀最严重的煤气柜为研究对象,通过考查气柜内腐蚀环境及分析腐蚀产物的成分等,探讨转炉煤气系统内钢结构腐蚀的原因与机理。结果表明,转炉煤气柜中钢结构表面腐蚀产物主要由FeCO_3、Fe_2O_3和CaCO_3组成;煤气冷凝水中含有大量的腐蚀性介质,如HCO_3~-与Cl~-等,因此,推测CO_2腐蚀是造成转炉煤气系统内钢结构腐蚀的主要原因。CO_2溶于煤气冷凝水后,在钢结构表面形成一层弱酸性腐蚀液膜,使碳钢表面发生CO_2腐蚀。SEM结果表明腐蚀产物疏松多孔,因此氧气和氯离子能通过腐蚀产物渗透到碳钢表面,加速腐蚀,使得煤气系统内钢结构表面产生多处腐蚀坑。     

焦炉煤气柜重大危险源评估技术方法及实例分析

以《危险化学品重大危险源监督管理暂行规定》为依据,通过实例对某15万m3焦炉煤气柜进行了危险化学品重大危险源辨识并分析其存在的危险有害因素,同时运用危险度分析、有毒物质泄漏扩散事故模拟分析、蒸汽云爆炸事故模拟分析等多种安全评价技术方法定性和定量描述煤气泄漏、爆炸事故发生的可能性及其危害程度,从而实现了危险化学品重大危险源定量风险评估的目标。     

关于海洋环境下飞机腐蚀防护与控制体系的思考

在高温、高湿、高盐、强紫外线严酷复杂海洋腐蚀环境下,飞机腐蚀现象及其隐患日益明显。近年来,国内越来越重视飞机在海洋环境下的腐蚀防护与控制问题,通过开展专项研究取得了重大进展,但整体技术水平与国际先进水平相比仍存在一定的差距,飞机腐蚀问题依然频繁出现。本文从管理、技术、标准、试验等方面系统介绍了海洋环境下飞机腐蚀防护与控制的现状,分析了国内外存在的差距,并提出了一系列措施,以推动我国飞机全寿命期的腐蚀防护与控制体系的建立以及防腐技术水平的提升。     

变电站金属构件污染环境下腐蚀行为研究

本文主要对湿热沿海变电站金属构件在污染介质中腐蚀行为进行分析。通过中性盐雾试验、湿热试验、硬度试验、耐磨试验等实验室评价技术,考察金属构件防护措施效果。在湿热地区电厂进行金属自然暴露试验,评定区域环境条件腐蚀等级。     

电子装备防护涂层循环加速腐蚀试验方法

对防护涂层进行腐蚀试验是考察其耐腐蚀性能的方法之一。本文分析了电子装备防护涂层特性及影响耐腐蚀性能的主要环境影响因素,并分析在海洋大气环境下防护涂层的腐蚀失效过程,结合现有主要的循环加速腐蚀试验方法,总结了循环加速腐蚀试验方法制定的一般原则,最后指出了发展方向。     

典型电气元器件在含H2S环境中的腐蚀与防护

为找出电气元器件在使用一段时间后出现腐蚀现象的原因,研究典型电气元器件在含H_2S环境中的腐蚀行为并提出防护措施。利用便携式多功能气体检测设备对电气元器件所在环境中H_2S、SO_2、NO_2以及NH_3等腐蚀性气体含量进行检测,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)手段分析电气元器件的腐蚀微观形貌及锈层中的腐蚀产物成分。电气元器件所处环境中存在腐蚀性气体H_2S,电气元器件在使用环境中发生不同程度的腐蚀反应,出现发黑或失去光泽等现象,表面形的腐蚀产物中均出现S元素。电气元器件在该环境中发生腐蚀现象的主要因素是环境中H_2S气体,建议采取整体净化服役环境中腐蚀性气体的防护措施,可减少或避免发生腐蚀反应。     

废水厌氧处理过程中的安全问题探讨

介绍了废水厌氧处理过程中H2S中毒和CO2窒息、沼气（甲烷）爆炸、腐蚀、结垢、气柜置换以及检修中需采取的安全措施。     

新闻资讯

正中国腐蚀与防护学会汽车腐蚀与防护专业委员会在京成立近日,中国腐蚀与防护学会汽车腐蚀与防护专业委员会在京成立。该专委会的宗旨是"推动汽车防腐技术进步,提升汽车供应链表面处理技术能力",意在搭建一个汽车供应链腐蚀与防护技术交流平台,传播、普及汽车腐蚀与防护知识,并为产业培养汽车防腐技术人才。据悉,中国腐蚀与防护学会汽车腐蚀与防护专业委员会隶属于中国腐蚀与防护学会,是中国汽车科技工作者和表面处理科技工作者共同组成的全国性、学术性组织。     

南海海洋环境下关键电器设备腐蚀环境净化技术研究

南海海洋大气环境下,电器设备腐蚀问题形势非常严峻,严重影响生产任务和财产安全,非常有必要对电器设备采取有效的防护措施。开展了电器设备服役微环境腐蚀严酷度量化表征方法研究以及南海海洋环境下电器设备腐蚀环境净化技术研究,采用适当的腐蚀环境净化技术为关键电器设备内部提供洁净的空气,从而实现对电器设备的有效保护。     

航空发动机典型基材防护体系加速腐蚀试验研究

采用模拟服役环境的仿真加速腐蚀试验环境谱,开展航空发动机基材试件实验室加速腐蚀试验,并于各个腐蚀周期下,采用三维显微镜对试件表面典型腐蚀损伤区域进行宏观形貌、微观损伤检测,依据检测分析结果,对同一基材、不同表面处理工艺与防护体系的试件的腐蚀损伤程度进行比对与评估,依据比对评估结果筛选耐蚀性优良的基材防护体系,为该型航空...     

含硫气田设备及管道的腐蚀与防腐

四川气田系我国典型的含硫气田,设备及管道的腐蚀与防腐问题一直是一个重要的研究课题。文章首先分别探讨了H_2S腐蚀和CO_2腐蚀的机理及其影响因素,进而提出了H_2S和CO_2的防腐工艺和措施,最后探讨了含硫气田腐蚀及防腐研究的热点和发展方向,指出应该大力开展高含硫气田的腐蚀和防腐技术、二氧化碳条件下的钢材腐蚀机理和防腐技术、细菌腐蚀以及新型合金材料及非金属管道的应用研究,同时进行防腐实验。     

The challenge in understanding the corrosion mechanisms under oxyfuel combustion conditions

Basic research on the corrosive effect of flue gases has been performed at the BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (Germany). Conditions at both high and low temperatures were simulated in specially designed experiments. Carburization occured in flue gases with high CO₂ content and temperatures higher than 500 °C. In SO₂ containing flue gases sulphur was detected in the oxide scale. At lower temperatures no corrosion was observed when gases with low humidity were investigated. Humidity higher than 1500 ppm was corrosive and all steels with Cr contents lower than 12% revealed corroded surfaces. At low temperatures below 10 °C a mixture of sulphuric and nitric acid condensed on metal surfaces. Acid condensation caused severe corrosion. Humidity, CO₂, O₂, and SO₂ contents are the important factors determining corrosion. Below 300 °C acid condensation is the primary reason for corrosion. Low humidity and low temperatures are conditions which can be expected in the CO₂ separation and treatment process. This work includes major conditions of the flue gas and CO₂ stream in CCS plants and CCS technology.     

锦州油田开发建设中的污染影响及控制措施浅析

油田开发建设中潜在危险因素主要有自然灾害、环境腐蚀、误操作、设备缺陷、施工及人为破坏等问题,结合锦州油田开发建设及所处周边环境的实际情况,通过对来自于钻井、修井作业及油气集输系统的油气水渗漏等相关的工艺环节进行风险评价与分析,分析了油田开发建设对大气、生态、土壤、水环境的影响,从工艺、管理等方面提出了具体污染预防控制措施,并分析了建立应急预案的重要性。     

The impact of economic activity in Asturias on greenhouse gas emissions: consequences for environmental policy within the Kyoto Protocol framework

Climate change is one of the major worldwide environmental concerns. It is especially the case in many developed countries, where the greenhouse gas emissions responsible for this change are mainly concentrated. For the first time, the Kyoto Protocol includes an international agreement for the reduction of the net emissions of these gases. To fulfil this agreement measures designed to reduce or limit current emissions have to be brought into force. Consequently, fears have arisen about possible consequences on competitiveness and future development of manufacturing activities and the need for support mechanisms for the affected sectors is obvious. In this paper, we carry out a study of the emissions of gases responsible for climate change in Asturias (Spain), a region with an important economic presence of sectors with intensive emissions of CO(2), the chief greenhouse gas. To be precise, in the first place, the volumes of direct emissions of the said gases in 1995 were calculated, showing that the sectors most affected by the Kyoto Protocol in Asturias are iron and steel and electricity production. Secondly, input-output analysis was applied to determine the direct and indirect emissions and the direct, indirect and induced emissions of the different production sectors, respectively. The results derived from the direct and indirect emissions analysis and their comparison with the results of the former allow us to reach some conclusions and environmental policy implications.     

浅议井下油管的腐蚀机理及防腐措施

腐蚀已成为影响油气田安全生产的重大不利因素。文章阐述了井下油管的腐蚀现状、特点,对造成腐蚀的环境影响因素进行了系统的分析,并结合腐蚀发生的条件和危害,简要地提出了有效控制井下油管腐蚀的措施,如正确选材与合理设计、缓蚀剂保护、涂镀层保护、阴极保护、改善油田水介质状况、加强和完善管理体制等。     

湿式石灰/石灰石烟气脱硫工艺存在的问题及技术措施

正确处理湿式石灰／石灰石烟气脱硫（FGD）过程的石膏结垢、设备腐蚀等问题，是保证FGD系统长期稳定可靠运行的关键。本文对湿式石灰／石灰石FGD过程中的石膏结垢成因、设备腐蚀原因、烟气再热以及与液固分离等相关的亚硫酸盐的氧化等问题进行了分析，归纳对比了现行技术措施的优缺点。结合我国国情，综合考虑技术可行性和经济合理性等因素，就解决这些问题应采取的适宜措施提出了见解。     

我国炼化企业温室气体减排及CDM项目开展情况分析

我国炼化企业是高耗能高污染企业,温室气体排放量大而分散,减排潜力巨大。目前我国炼化企业比较重视废气的治理,如SOx,对于温室气体减排工作的研究投入力度相对较小,CDM项目很少且主要集中于N2O减排CDM项目。考虑到第一承诺期结束以后我国可能需要承担减排任务,单纯N2O减排将不能满足我国的温室气体减排需求。因此,我国炼化企业需要开展CO2减排技术研究。同时从节能减排及CO2资源化利用等方面对我国炼化企业进行分析,提出我国炼化企业节能减排措施,为我国炼化企业CO2减排提供理论依据。     

Effect of the effective stress coefficient and sorption-induced strain on the evolution of coal permeability: Experimental observations

Permeability is one of the most important parameters for CO₂ injection in coal to enhance coalbed methane recovery. Laboratory characterization of coal permeability provides useful information for in situ permeability behavior of coal seams when adsorbing gases such as CO₂ are injected. In this study, a series of experiments have been conducted for coal samples using both non-adsorbing and adsorbing gases at various confining stresses and pore pressures. Our observations have showed that even under controlled stress conditions, coal permeability decreases with respect to pore pressure during the injection of adsorbing gases. In order to find out the causes of permeability decrease for adsorbing gases, a non-adsorbing gas (helium) is used to determine the effective stress coefficient. In these experiments using helium, the impact of gas sorption can be neglected and any permeability reduction is considered as due to the variation in the effective stress, which is controlled by the effective stress coefficient. The results show that the effective stress coefficient is pore pressure dependent and less than unity for the coal samples studied. The permeability reduction from helium experiments is then used to calibrate the subsequent flow-through experiments using adsorbing gases, CH₄ and CO₂. Through this calibration, the sole effect of sorption-induced strain on permeability change is obtained for these adsorbing gas flow-through experiments. In this paper, experimental results and analyses are reported including how the impact of effective stress coefficient is separated from that of the sorption-induced strain on the evolution of coal permeability.     

我国发展低碳农业的主要措施研究

在全球气候变暖和能源危机的背景下,农业是温室气体主要排放源之一,低碳农业作为应对气候变化的农业行动,越来越受到人们的重视。低碳农业的目标是减缓温室气体,实现高效率、低能耗、低排放、高碳汇的高效农业。在推动我国低碳农业发展的措施方面,总结起来主要包括减少碳排放、增加碳汇和采用其他相应的技术措施相结合。也就是通过一系列相应的技术措施和基础设施建设,减少温室气体总量排放的同时,增加耕地、草地和林地吸收二氧化碳的量,从而实现低碳农业的可持续发展。