Cd胁迫下杂交水稻对Cd的吸收及其动态变化

镉（Cd）是非必需的有毒元素,是农业环境和农产品的重要污染物,易被水稻吸收并在籽粒中积累。不同水稻品种拥有不同的独特基因,导致水稻籽粒吸收积累Cd的能力存在一定的差异。因此,开展不同水稻品种耐Cd特性及其不同生育期的吸收转运效率研究具有重要意义。本文采用水培试验,研究了两个水稻（Oryza sativa L.）品种：D83A/R527（低吸收累积Cd）和辐优838（高吸收累积Cd）在不同质量浓度Cd胁迫下籽粒Cd质量分数及不同生育时期水稻根、茎、叶内Cd的吸收积累量及其动态变化特点。结果表明,两种水稻品种在Cd胁迫下籽粒Cd积累量差异显著,辐优838在1.0 mg·L^-1 Cd质量浓度胁迫下籽粒Cd质量分数就已超过国家食品卫生标准;在1.0~3.0 mg·L^-1 Cd质量浓度胁迫下,D83A/R527籽粒内Cd质量分数仅为辐优838的50~60%。随着Cd处理浓度增加和生育时期推进,两种水稻各部位Cd吸收量均表现为逐渐增加,其增加幅度总体表现为：辐优838〉D83A/R527;不同部位中,根的积累效应最强,叶片吸收积累能力最低,辐优838茎、叶吸收积累效率分别是D83A/R527的1.5~2.0倍左右。在1.0~3.0mg·L^-1 Cd胁迫下,水稻Cd积累差异较为显著的时期为灌浆期,辐优838的根系向茎、叶的转移效率大于D83A/R527,且D83A/R527主要表现为由根系向茎Cd转移效率较高,叶片Cd积累相对较少。灌浆期是水稻籽粒干物质积累的重要时期,也是吸收累积Cd的重要时期,这为筛选低吸收积累水稻品种和调控Cd在水稻籽粒中的吸收累积奠定了重要理论基础。     

Genotype variations in accumulation of cadmium and lead in celery (Apium graveolens L.) and screening for low Cd and Pb accumulative cultivars

To help reduce risks of heavy metal pollution, two pot experiments were conducted to investigate the variations, transfer potential, and stability of Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) accumulations in celery (Apium graveolens L.) and to screen for low Cd and Pb accumulative cultivars. The maximum differences in shoot Cd concentration were 4.7-fold under low-Cd exposure and 3.3-fold under high-Cd exposure. These genotype variations in Cd accumulation are sufficiently large to help reduce Cd contamination risk in soil by using the Low-Cd-Accumulative genotypes. Cd accumulation of the Low-Cd-Accumulative genotypes is significantly positive correlated with Pb accumulation. Evidence obtained proves that Cd and Pb accumulations in celery are stable and genotype-dependent at the cultivar level. The presence of high-Pb contamination in soil promoted Cd accumulation in shoots of celery. Celery is considered a species with high risks in Cd pollution and low risks in Pb pollution. Among the tested cultivars, cv. Shuanggangkangbing (SGKB) had the lowest shoot Cd and Pb accumulating abilities, and thus is the most important material for breeding of pollution-safe cultivars (PSCs) to minimize Cd and Pb accumulations in celery.     

Uptake and accumulation of potentially toxic elements in colonized plant species around the world’s largest antimony mine area,China

To provide information on reclamation of multi-heavy metal polluted soils with conception of phytostabilization, a field survey on the uptake and accumulation of potentially toxic elements such as antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in colonized plant species around the world’s largest antimony mine area, China, was conducted. Samples including leaves and shoots (including roots and stems) of colonized plants as well as rhizospheric soils were collected from eight sampling zones in the studied area. The results showed that the contents of Cu, Zn, and Pb in rhizospheric soils below plants were comparable to the corresponding background values of Hunan province, otherwise Sb, Cd, and As contents were extremely high (17–106, 17–87, and 3–7 times of the corresponding background values). The highest concentration of Sb was found in Aster subulatus (410 mg kg^?1); Cd, As, and Zn were in Herba bidentis bipinnatae (10.9, 264, and 265 mg kg^?1, respectively); and Cu was in Artemisia lavandulaefolia (27.1 mg kg^?1). It also exhibited that all the contents of As in leaves were several times of those in shoots of plants, Cd and other heavy metals showed in a similar pattern in several studied species, implying that the uptake route of these heavy metals via foliar might contribute to the accumulation. With high bioconcentration factors of heavy metals (more than 1, except for Zn), together with the growth abundance, Herba bidentis bipinnatae was considered as the most suitable colonized species for phytostabilization of the multi-heavy metal pollution in soils on this antimony mine area.     

镉对3株不同地点生长的大麻生长及矿质元素吸收的影响

为了研究镉胁迫对不同大麻生长的影响,以来自山西的大麻M1和来自甘肃的大麻M2、M3为材料,通过土培盆栽试验,研究了镉胁迫对大麻SPAD值、光合参数、不同组织碳水化合物含量和矿质元素含量的影响及不同地点株间差异。结果表明:镉胁迫显著降低大麻SPAD值,及其光合能力,且不同植株间存在显著差异,M1受抑制严重;镉胁迫使大麻地上部蔗糖和总可溶性糖含量显著升高,根系、叶片和籽粒淀粉含量显著降低。镉含量分析结果显示,镉主要滞留在根系中,其中M1镉积累量最高;镉胁迫显著抑制了大麻M1根系对锰和铜元素的吸收,同时也影响了其在地上部各器官的分配和积累,降低了M3对锌元素的吸收。镉对大麻的影响因大麻不同植株间及组织部位而异。     

2种常规水稻Cd、Zn吸收与器官分配的生育期变化：品种、土壤和Cd处理的影响

Cd在土壤-作物-膳食食物链中的迁移是人类对环境Cd暴露及其健康风险的主要途径,而水稻是子粒Cd积累最强的大宗作物之一.采用全生育期淹水盆栽试验研究了2种常规水稻(高Cd吸收品种“苏香粳1号”和低Cd吸收品种“99-22”)在添加Cd(2mg·kg-1)和不添加Cd处理下对2种土壤(红沙泥田,乌栅土)中Cd、Zn的吸收及其生育期变化.结果表明:1)常规水稻对Cd、Zn的吸收积累受土壤、品种和外源Cd的影响.Cd处理、土壤、品种间的正交互作用(高Cd吸收品种植于高Cd处理且Cd有效性高的红壤中)使常规稻植株Cd/Zn比成数十倍提高,从而使子粒Cd/Zn比产生强烈升高;2)水稻对Cd、Zn的吸收强度因不同生育期而异,Cd吸收的主要时期是分蘖期和成熟期,而Zn吸收的主要时期则是分蘖期、抽穗期和灌浆期.在整个生育期中,水稻Cd吸收伴随着对Zn的排斥现象,这在高Cd吸收下尤为强烈;3)水稻各器官对Cd、Zn的吸收分配无论是同品种的生育期间抑或同生育期时的不同品种间均有显著差异.Cd积累量为根系>穗粒>茎叶,而Zn却表现为茎叶>根系、穗粒.观察到水稻吸收的Cd在生育后期向穗粒的强烈运移.相对于低Cd吸收品种来说,Cd向穗粒转运较强,而Zn的转运较弱是高Cd吸收品种子粒Cd积累强而Cd/Zn比高的植株因素.     

Effects of Cadmium on Nutrient Uptake and Translocation by Indian Mustard

Plants that hyperaccumulate metals are ideal subjects for studying the mechanisms of metal and mineral nutrient uptake in the plant kingdom. Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) has been shown to accumulate moderate levels of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Cu. In this experiment, 10 levels of Cd concentration treatments were imposed by adding 10–190 mg Cd kg^–1 to the soils as cadmium nitrate [Cd(NO₃)₂]. The effect of Cd on phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and the micronutrients iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in B. juncea was studied. Plant growth was affected negatively by Cd, root biomass decreased significantly at 170 mg Cd kg^–1 dry weight soils treatment. Cadmium accumulation both in shoots and roots increased with increasing soil Cd treatments. The highest concentration of Cd was up to 300 mg kg^–1 d.w. in the roots and 160 mg kg^–1 d.w. in the shoots. The nutrients mainly affected by Cd were P, K, Ca, Fe, and Zn in the roots, and P, K, Ca, and Cu in the shoots. K and P concentrations in roots increased significantly when Cd was added at 170 mg kg^–1, and this was almost the same level at which root growth was inhibited. Zn concentrations in roots decreased significantly when added Cd concentration was increased from 50 to 110 mg kg^–1, then remained constant with Cd treatments from 110 to 190 mg kg^–1. However, Zn concentrations in the shoots seemed less affected by Cd. It is possible that Zn uptake was affected by the Cd but not the translocation of Zn within the plant. Ca and Mg accumulation in roots and shoots showed similar trends. This result indicates that Ca and Mg uptake is a non-specific process.     

Cd胁迫下黄土施用污泥对小麦生长及Cd富集迁移的影响

为了能给污泥资源开发利用开辟新的途径,以黄土为供试土壤,小麦（Triticumaestivum L.）为供试作物。采用盆栽试验研究了泥在不同Cd胁迫黄土中对小麦生长的影响及其对小麦各部位Cd的富集迁移规律。试验设计2个污泥处理水平,每个塑料盆中加入8.0 kg供试土壤或污泥含量为4.0%的供试土壤,土壤中以Cd（NO3）2·4H2O溶液形式加入的Cd质量分数分别为0.5、1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0、25.0、50 mg·kg^-1,对应各处理为TS1-TS7。各胁迫水平均设置3个平行,同时设置对照TS0。结果表明,黄土中低水平的Cd胁迫可促进小麦的生长,且在Cd污染水平5.0 mg·kg^-1时施污泥和未施污泥土壤中小麦生物量均最大,而高水平的Cd胁迫抑制小麦的生长,且Cd胁迫水平越高,抑制作用越强烈;Cd胁迫下施用污泥可促进小麦的生长,尤其是茎叶和籽粒的生长;小麦各部位Cd的含量随土壤Cd处理水平的升高而增加且呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）,各部位最大浓度分别可以达到：45.32、14.41、9.66 mg·kg^-1,且根系＞茎叶＞籽粒,污泥的施用能促进小麦对Cd的吸收;小麦各部位对Cd的富集能力均随着土壤Cd胁迫水平的升高而先增加后减小,污泥的施用在一定程度上提高了小麦对Cd的富集能力,各部位富集系数最大分值分别为1.81、0.93、0.51,但对Cd进入小麦根系后向茎叶和籽粒的迁移影响不显著。     

镉对花生苗期的毒害效应及其品种间差异

重金属在籽粒中的积累与植物对镉的生物学耐性和吸收特性有一定的内在联系。本研究通过比较不同花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）品种对镉胁迫的生物学耐性,旨在为进一步揭示花生籽粒镉积累的种内差异形成机制提供实验参数。在人工气候箱控制环境下的含镉的营养液砂培试验中,花生苗期对镉胁迫的反应具有显著的品种间遗传差异。基于植株生物量变化,可将花生的镉胁迫反应分为3种类型,即镉钝感型,品种有平度01、花育23和莱农13;敏感型,品种有中花4号、花育20、丰花3号、莱农29、豫花15和祁阳小籽;普通型,品种有湘农3010-w、湘农312、湘农55、丰花2号和湘农小果w2-7等。钝感型品种在5个加Cd水平下的茎叶干物量比对照平均降低22.8%,全株生物量平均降低11.7%;敏感型品种茎叶干物量平均降低38.0%,全株生物量降低29.2%;普通型品种茎叶干物量平均降低33.2%,全株生物量降低25.1%。随着Cd质量浓度提高和暴露时间延长,花生叶片的叶绿素质量分数显著降低,叶片和根系丙二醛质量分数及细胞膜透性显著提高,与钝感型品种相比,敏感型品种的上述生理指标变化速率较高,而且随着镉暴露时间延长,两者之间的差异性持续扩大。     

镉和温度预暴露对小麦吸收镉的影响

土壤中重金属Cd污染是一个累积过程,污染历史会影响植物对土壤中Cd的吸收.近年来,随着全球气候的变暖,温度对Cd的生物有效性的影响日益引起关注.通过模拟土壤溶液,研究了Cd的浓度、温度和预暴露时间对小麦吸收Cd的影响.小麦在浓度为0.01和0.1μmol·L-1的Cd中经过不同时间的预暴露后进行6h的短期吸收实验.结果发现,经1d预暴露后,小麦根部吸收Cd的量有增加趋势,这说明Cd对小麦产生了刺激作用,小麦地上部分的含Cd量也有所增加但不显著.经5d预暴露后,小麦对Cd产生了抗性,这使得小麦根部降低了对Cd的吸收量;并且当Cd为0.1μmol·L-1时,根部Cd吸收量的降低最为明显;由于Cd从根部向地上部迁移是一个复杂的生理过程,预暴露对地上部分Cd含量的影响没有根具有规律性;经过37℃高温胁迫4h后,小麦根部及地上部分的Cd含量减少高达40%;预暴露和高温共同作用后,其减少量更多,这说明预暴露和高温共同作用能够减少小麦对Cd的吸收量.     

鱼腥草对土壤中镉的富集及根系微生物的促进作用

通过采集自然条件的鱼腥草和未受污染的土壤,在实验室条件下培育,以及利用镉的筛选,培养出土壤菌悬液,研究了鱼腥草Huttuynia cordata对土壤中镉的富集作用,以及经过根系微生物处理后放线菌对富集后转移的促进作用。结果表明,根部经过微生物处理的鱼腥草地上部（土壤含镉200 mg·kg^-1）有最高的含镉浓度和最大的富集量,分别是是对照组的20倍和50倍。土壤含镉50 mg·kg^-1时,鱼腥草地上部与地下部镉富集量的比例是2.5,高于对照组（1.5）。而当土壤含镉200 mg.kg^-1时,经过处理的鱼腥草地上部与地下部镉含量之比是未经处理的2倍。所以,鱼腥草对土壤中的镉有很强的富集作用,且在根系微生物的促进下,地下部的镉能更有效地转移到地上部,大大加强植物的修复效率;且与其他的诸如添加化学螯合剂等方法相比,土壤根系微生物能更好地适应植物根系环境,更不会对土壤本身的微生态系统造成二次污染。所以研究根系环境中微生物、根系、土壤酶、金属离子等的相互影响关系,将是土壤重金属植物修复的另一重要领域。     

根表铁锰膜对不同生育期水稻吸收和转运As的影响

采用土壤盆栽试验法,研究不同生育期水稻根表铁锰膜形成及其对As吸收和转运的影响。结果表明,两个水稻品种YD6和NK57均在分蘖期形成的铁锰膜量最多,成熟期形成的铁锰膜量最少。水稻根系和茎叶吸收积累As随着水稻不同品种和不同生育期变化较大,As的吸收和积累与铁锰膜形成存在相关性。与分蘖期相比,YD6和NK57成熟期根系As含量分别减少81.6%和62.1%。孕穗期YD6和NK57茎叶As含量分别比分蘖期减少86.4%和65.5%,比成熟期减少87.8%和67.1%。分蘖期水稻根系和茎叶As含量与DCB-Fe或DCB-Mn浓度均呈显著的负相关关系,而孕穗期水稻根系和茎叶As含量与DCB-Fe浓度呈显著的正相关关系,说明不同生育期铁锰膜对水稻植株吸收和转运As的影响不同。两个水稻品种不同生育期,As均主要富集和分配在根表铁锰膜中,铁锰膜中As的分配比率达62.9%～84.9%。NK57从根表铁锰膜、根系和茎叶向籽粒转运As的能力比YD6强,籽粒中As含量是YD6的2.1倍。结果表明可以通过选育As低积累和低转运的水稻品种,来降低污染地区As对人体健康的威胁。     

锌、镉复合污染对重金属蓄集植物黑麦草养分吸收及锌、镉积累的影响

采用根袋盆栽试验研究了锌、镉单一及复合污染对重金属蓄集植物黑麦草(Lolium perenne L．)生长、养分吸收及锌、镉积累的影响．结果表明,锌、镉单一及复合污染对黑麦草生物量存在不同程度的抑制作用．锌、镉单一及复合污染均明显降低了黑麦草植株N、P、K含量,以锌、镉复合污染对植株养分吸收的抑制作用最大．锌、镉污染共存下,黑麦草对锌、镉的吸收为协同效应．黑麦草吸收的锌、镉主要集中在地上部,以锌、镉复合污染植株对锌、镉的蓄集量最大,其地上部锌、镉含量分别达到3108．72、73．97 mg·kg-1．     

Growth and Cd accumulation of two halophytes and a non-halophyte grown in a non-saline and a saline soil with different Cd levels

Two halophytes, Salicornia europaea and Atriplex verucifera, and the non-halophyte Chenopodium album were grown in pots on sodic and non-sodic Iranian soils spiked with up to 100 mg Cd kg^?1. The halophytes grew best on the sodic soil in the absence of Cd spiking, while C. album performed better on non-sodic soil. Cadmium spiking reduced the growth of all plants, with Cd tolerance decreasing in the order S. europaea>A. verucifera>C. album. The observed order of Cd tolerance corresponds to the abilities of the plants to tolerate sodic soil properties. The variation of Cd concentration in shoots in response to sodicity was related to different mechanism, including dilution (C. album) Cd solubilisation by Ca²⁺ (S. europea) and Ca²⁺ competition for uptake and translocation of Cd (A. verucifera). Improved understanding of these complex interactions will help to design phytoextraction technology for Cd-polluted soils in arid regions.     

红蛋植物对重金属镉、锌的吸收动态研究

采用水培的方法研究了红蛋植物（Echinodorus osiris）对镉、锌的吸收动态。结果表明：无论是低镉（5 mg·L-1）还是高镉（15 mg·L-1）处理,长时间（27 d）培养时,红蛋地上部和地下部镉质量分数均持续增加,至收获时,低镉和高镉处理红蛋地上部镉质量分数分别为364.95和502.97 mg·kg-1;地下部镉质量分数分别达到1 762.81和2 742.95 mg·kg-1。短时间内,红蛋对镉的吸收速率随时间增加而降低,1.0 h内表现为快速吸收模式,而在1.0 h后表现为缓慢吸收模式。在低镉条件下,红蛋对镉的短时间吸收动态符合二次多项式数学模型,高镉条件下,红蛋对镉的吸收动态符合三次多项式数学模型。长时间（27 d）培养时,红蛋地上部锌和地下部质量分数的动态变化趋势基本一致,即先增加后减少再缓慢增加的趋势。低锌（100 mg·L-1）和高锌（400 mg·L-1）处理,红蛋地上部锌质量分数分别为2 211.38和3 190.47 mg·kg-1;地下部锌质量分数分别为3 067.89和3 303.85 mg·kg-1。短时间内,无论是低锌处理还是高锌处理,红蛋对锌的吸收动态均符合二次多项式数学模型,但是两者有所不同,低锌处理,红蛋吸收锌的速率短时间内略有降低,而高锌处理,红蛋对锌的吸收速率短时间内则持续增加。     

Zn和Cd胁迫作用对长梗白菜形态和生理性能的生态毒理影响

本文以不同Cd、Zn浓度胁迫下的长梗白菜为研究对象,采用盆栽实验,分析了Cd和Zn胁迫下长梗白菜形态参数(重量、长度、表面积、叶的分形维数)、生理性能的影响以及从土壤中提取Cd和Zn的能力.结果 表明,Cd、Zn胁迫对长梗白菜的生长具有"低促高抑"效应,且共同胁迫对生长的影响大于单一胁迫.在0.6 mg·kg-1 Cd...     

Dynamic changes in radial oxygen loss and iron plaque formation and their effects on Cd and As accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Temporal variations and correlations between radial oxygen loss (ROL), iron (Fe) plaque formation, cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) accumulation were investigated in two rice cultivars at four different growth stages based upon soil pot and deoxygenated solution experiments. The results showed that there were significant differences in ROL (1.1–16 μmol O₂ plant^?1 h^?1), Fe plaque formation (4,097–36,056 mg kg^?1), Cd and As in root tissues (Cd 77–162 mg kg^?1; As 49–199 mg kg^?1) and Fe plaque (Cd 0.4–24 mg kg^?1; As 185–1,396 mg kg^?1) between these growth stages. ROL and Fe plaque increased dramatically from tillering to ear emergence stages and then were much reduced at the grain-filling stage. Furthermore, significantly positive correlations were detected between ROL and concentrations of Fe, Cd and As in Fe plaque. Our study indicates that increased Fe plaque forms on rice roots at the ear emergence stage due to the increased ROL. This stage could therefore be an important period to limit the transfer and distribution of Cd and As in rice plants when growing in soils contaminated with these toxic elements.     

铜镉复合胁迫下温度对小麦幼苗生长及其对铜、镉和矿质营养元素吸收与各元素在亚细胞分布的影响

为了研究重金属复合胁迫下温度变化对陆生植物的毒性效应的影响,实验采用水培的方法,设置对照和Cu-Cd复合胁迫(10 μmol·L1 Cu+10μmol·L-1Cd)2个处理,每个处理分别设置3个不同的培养温度(8/4℃、25/20℃和35/30℃),对小麦进行48 h的暴露实验,测定小麦幼苗的生长及其对重金属和矿质营养...     

马缨丹对镉的生长响应及其富集、转运和亚细胞分布特点研究

镉是植物非必需且生物毒性最强的重金属元素之一,然而镉富集植物能通过一定的响应机制来减少镉对自身产生的毒害,且不同植物之间镉的解毒机制存在差异。马缨丹（Lantana camara L.）是四川汉源铅锌矿区镉污染土壤的修复植物,但是关于其镉的分布特征和解毒机制并不明确。因此本文采用盆栽模拟试验,分别设置0（对照,不添加镉）、30、90、150、210 mg·kg-1镉5个处理,研究马缨丹对镉的富集、转运及其亚细胞分布特点,探讨马缨丹对镉的耐性和解毒机制,以期为植物耐镉的生理和分子生物学机制提供一定的理论依据。结果表明：镉质量分数低于90 mg·kg-1时对马缨丹生长没有影响,而镉质量分数高于150 mg·kg-1时对马缨丹生长有显著的抑制作用;随着镉质量分数的增加,马缨丹各器官中镉的质量分数逐渐增加,表现为根＞茎＞叶,且其转运系数小于1,表明马缨丹对镉有较强的根部滞留能力,可限制过量的镉向地上部器官的转运,减少镉对地上部的毒害,这可能是马缨丹耐受镉胁迫的机制之一;随着镉质量分数的增加,马缨丹地下部和地上部的镉富集量总体上均呈增加趋势,在210 mg·kg-1镉处理时,均达到最大值,分别为142.8和1031.6μg·plant-1,不同质量分数镉处理下,马缨丹地上部的镉富集量较大,占全株镉富集量的94.0%~88.3%;镉在马缨丹根和叶细胞可溶性组分中的分配比例最高,分别占62.1%~54.2%和59.8%~52.6%,其次在细胞壁中,分别占23.8%~34.4%和28.7%~39.5%,在细胞器和细胞膜中的较低,表明可溶性组分和细胞壁是镉在马缨丹根和叶细胞中的主要分布位点,液泡区隔化和细胞壁固持可能是马缨丹对镉的重要解毒和耐性机制之一。     

Effects of cadmium on nutrient uptake and translocation by Indian Mustard

Plants that hyperaccumulate metals are ideal subjects for studying the mechanisms of metal and mineral nutrient uptake in the plant kingdom. Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) has been shown to accumulate moderate levels of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Cu. In this experiment, 10 levels of Cd concentration treatments were imposed by adding 10-190 mg Cd kg(-1) to the soils as cadmium nitrate [Cd(NO3)2]. The effect of Cd on phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and the micronutrients iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in B. juncea was studied. Plant growth was affected negatively by Cd, root biomass decreased significantly at 170 mg Cd kg(-1) dry weight soils treatment. Cadmium accumulation both in shoots and roots increased with increasing soil Cd treatments. The highest concentration of Cd was up to 300 mg kg(-1) d.w. in the roots and 160 mg kg(-1) d.w. in the shoots. The nutrients mainly affected by Cd were P, K, Ca, Fe, and Zn in the roots, and P, K, Ca, and Cu in the shoots. K and P concentrations in roots increased significantly when Cd was added at 170 mg kg(-1), and this was almost the same level at which root growth was inhibited. Zn concentrations in roots decreased significantly when added Cd concentration was increased from 50 to 110 mg kg(-1), then remained constant with Cd treatments from 110 to 190 mg kg(-1). However, Zn concentrations in the shoots seemed less affected by Cd. It is possible that Zn uptake was affected by the Cd but not the translocation of Zn within the plant. Ca and Mg accumulation in roots and shoots showed similar trends. This result indicates that Ca and Mg uptake is a non-specific process.     

Cadmium accumulation characteristics of floricultural plant Cosmos bipinnata*

The artificially high soil cadmium (Cd) concentration screening method was used to screen Cd-hyperaccumulators from floricultural plants. Among the five species of floricultural plants screened, Cosmos bipinnata showed the characteristics of Cd-accumulators. A pot experiment was conducted to further study Cd accumulation characteristics of C. bipinnata. The results showed that the biomass, chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase activity, peroxidase activity and soluble protein content of C. bipinnata first increased and later decreased with the increase in soil Cd concentration, but the carotenoid content and catalase activity of C. bipinnata reduced. Cd contents in roots, stems, leaves and shoots of C. bipinnata increased with increasing soil Cd concentration. When the soil Cd concentration was 50?mg?kg^?1, the Cd content in shoots was up to 112.62?mg?kg^?1, which was higher than the Cd-hyperaccumulator critical value. The root and shoot bioconcentration factors exceeded 1 in various Cd treatments, but the translocation factors were less than 1. When the soil Cd concentration was 50?mg?kg^?1, the Cd accumulation in shoots achieved the maximum of 224.30?μg plant^?1. Therefore, considering the tolerance and accumulation of Cd, C. bipinnata is a Cd-accumulator that could be used to remediate Cd-contaminated urban soil.