共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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我国作为世界页岩气储量大国,页岩气的规模化开发和利用是不可阻挡的趋势。随着水力压裂技术在全球范围内的发展与推广,页岩气开发过程中可能引发的不利生态环境影响逐步引起重视,主要表现在水土资源的大量消耗、水污染、大气污染、固废污染、放射性污染和噪声污染等问题。从页岩气的开发利用出发,梳理现阶段我国页岩气的储量、特点、开采技术及流程,结合我国现阶段页岩气开发现状和国内外相关文献报道,分析页岩气开发过程中可能带来的环境影响,并提出防治措施及建议,以期对推进我国页岩气产业绿色发展提供参考。 相似文献
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目前我国页岩气的开发正处于初级阶段,很多生产关键技术尚不成熟,页岩气开发过程中的废压裂液、甲烷漏失、水资源污染等都将会带来一系列环境问题。针对页岩气带来的环境问题,在对开采区域地质情况充分认识的基础上,通过采用先进的钻完井技术,控制压裂液和甲烷的漏失,减少对地层的破坏和水资源的污染;加强对返排废液处理技术的研究力度,优化处理结果;落实针对页岩气开发与环境保护的法律法规等,规避页岩气开采对环境的影响。在借鉴国外开采经验的同时,建议研发适合我国页岩气储层特点的开采技术,改进已有工艺,创新技术和理论。 相似文献
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美国页岩气开采的水环境监管经验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
页岩气开采所使用的核心技术——水力压裂技术不仅消耗大量水资源,而且向地下注入裂解液可能污染地下水。为应对页岩气开发所带来的环境问题,美国已开展并积累了相对丰富的环境监管经验和技术。文章就美国页岩气开采场地的水环境监管体系、法规、制度及技术等进行探讨和研究,并提出我国在页岩气大规模开采初期的水环境监管思路及技术方向。 相似文献
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《四川环境》2017,(1)
随着社会和国民经济的发展,我国对能源的需求量不断增加。美国"页岩气革命"使页岩气作为一种新型清洁高效的非常规能源出现并受到了广泛关注。页岩气的开发有助于改善和保障我国能源结构和安全,因此我国也相继投入到页岩气的勘探开发热潮中。据探明,四川盆地页岩气储量丰富,宜宾市恰好处于有利开发区,已被国家列为先导试验区,拟为页岩气的滚动开发积累经验。但目前对这一新兴行业尚缺乏科学、系统的行政管理和环境监管等法规体系,先行开发过程中难免面临一系列的生态破坏和环境影响等问题。针对当前全国试验区开发的形势,在宜宾市页岩气开发的现实基础上,系统分析了这些问题并提出了对策与建议,旨在为后续页岩气的可持续开发和环境管理与保护工作提供一些参考。 相似文献
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我国页岩气开发钻井废物污染防治技术进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
我国在逐步加大页岩气开发力度的同时,也在加大页岩气开发过程中的环保技术研究,以促进页岩气开发绿色可持续发展。文章分析了页岩气开发过程中钻井废物处理存在的主要问题,针对这些问题,介绍了环保型钻井液、水基钻井废物处理与资源化、油基钻井废物处理与资源化等技术及其应用进展。提出了强化源头控制,从钻井液、井身结构设计、钻完井等方面进行全面管控,提高钻井液的循环使用效率,研发高效的废液净化工艺,降低钻井废物的产出,并实现钻井废物资源化的发展思路。 相似文献
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China has laid out an ambitious strategy for developing its vast shale gas reserves. This study developed an input–output based hybrid life-cycle inventory model to estimate the energy use, water consumption, and air emissions implications of shale gas infrastructure development in China over the period 2013–2020, including well drilling and operation, land rig and fracturing fleet manufacture, and pipeline construction. Multiple scenarios were analyzed based on different combinations of well development rates, well productivities, and success rates. Results suggest that 700–5100 petajoules (PJ) of primary energy will be required for shale gas infrastructure development, while the net primary energy yield of shale gas production over 2013–2020 was estimated at 1650–7150 PJ, suggesting a favorable energy balance. Associated emissions of CO2e were estimated at 80–580 million metric tons, and were primarily attributable to coal-fired electricity generation, fugitive methane, and flaring of methane during shale gas processing and transmission. Direct water consumption was estimated at 20–720 million metric tons. The largest sources of energy use and emissions for infrastructure development were the metals, mining, non-metal mineral products, and power sectors, which should be the focus of energy efficiency initiatives to reduce the impacts of shale gas infrastructure development moving forward. 相似文献
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The use of best management practices to respond to externalities from developing shale gas resources
Terence J. Centner Nicholas S. Eberhart 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2016,59(4):746-768
The public is concerned that activities accompanying hydraulic fracturing in the development of shale gas resources are unnecessarily adversely affecting them and the environment and is petitioning elected representatives to take actions to reduce risks. The health risks associated with fracturing chemicals and air pollutants are relatively unknown and constitute the impetus for public concern. An evaluation of state legal and regulatory provisions regarding best management practices discloses that states are not adopting timely regulations to protect people and the environment from activities accompanying hydraulic fracturing. Simultaneously, regulatory policy concerning negative externalities suggests that governments underinvest in the protection of human health and environmental quality. Governments have choices in protecting people from dangers that accompany shale gas development. Due to the risks of injuries and unpaid damages from shale gas development, governmental policies need to evolve to accord people greater health protection. 相似文献
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Yasminah Beebeejaun 《Local Environment》2013,18(8):777-789
ABSTRACTThe exploration and potential extraction of shale gas – better known as fracking – has emerged as one of the most contentious dimensions to local environmental politics in the UK. Local residents and environmental activists have raised concerns about health, noise, ground water contamination, seismicity, environmental amenity, and other impacts of the industry on communities. Despite the complexities of shale gas extraction, an emphasis on the local has shaped key dimensions of the debate around the appropriate location for well pads to the relative exclusion of other issues. This paper draws on fieldwork in Lancashire, UK, to reflect on the political construction of scale in order to explore how an emphasis on “the local” can restrict political debate over shale gas to narrow concerns with land-use planning thereby obviating a fuller engagement with wider questions concerning risk, energy policy, and climate change. It is concluded that a more nuanced conception of scale is necessary for understanding how concerns with shale gas are diminished rather than strengthened through the current planning policy and regulatory regime operating in the UK. 相似文献
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Kristin L. Olofsson Juniper Katz Daniel P. Costie Tanya Heikkila Christopher M. Weible 《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2018,20(5):645-660
This paper identifies the coalitions involved in the topic of shale oil and gas development in India and identifies the circumstances surrounding a change in policy in 2013 by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas to promote shale exploration. Using the Advocacy Coalition Framework as the theoretical lens, the data are collected primarily from newspaper articles from 2010 to 2015 to identify coalitions, including actors’ positions, priorities, and interactions. The findings show the presence of a dominant advocacy coalition in favor of shale oil and gas development with priorities about energy security and a regulatory framework. The findings indicate some internal coalition disagreement, but stronger internal coalition agreement. Policy change was preceded by a spike in disagreement internal to the dominant coalition. This paper shows how a change in a dominant coalition can precede a change in policy, offers a replicable method of identifying and measuring coalitions via newspaper content analysis, provides a rare application of the Advocacy Coalition Framework outside of North America and Western Europe, and provides evidence of support for shale oil and gas development in India. 相似文献
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选取川南页岩气区块为研究对象,运用过程生命周期评估和投入产出生命周期方法核算页岩气开采生命周期的直接和间接用水量,并与美国Marcellus页岩气区块用水量进行比较。川南区块总直接用水量为22 928 m^3/井,高于Marcellus区块的总直接用水量15 320 m^3/井。从生命周期阶段来看,川南页岩气开采钻井和压裂阶段的直接用水均远大于Marcellus区块。结合水环境管理指标,自然资源禀赋条件主要决定了直接用水量的差异。川南区块总间接用水量为25 098 m^3/井,超过总直接用水量,约为Marcellus区块总间接用水量的3倍。除井场准备阶段外,其余阶段的间接用水量均大于Marcellus区块,间接用水量的差异与钻井和压裂过程的添加剂、能源使用量和全行业用水效率有关。减少川南区块页岩气开发用水量的主要途径包括提高钻井液和压裂液回用率、改善钻井和压裂添加剂使用效率、提高柴油和电力等能源利用效率和全行业用水效率。 相似文献
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Tamara Metze 《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2017,19(1):35-52
The meaning of hydraulic fracturing for shale gas is contested worldwide: is it an energy game changer, a transition fuel, or a technology that poses severe environmental problems? In the Netherlands, a policy controversy developed in which fracturing was reframed from ‘business as usual’ to a potential environmental risk. This article theoretically and empirically describes this shift by arguing that the technology of hydraulic fracturing for shale gas is a boundary object that created a sphere of engagement for all sorts of actors. In this sphere, they negotiated a common but soft meaning of this technology. These negotiations consisted of frame contests. As part of those contests, the discursive strategies of framing and boundary work enabled opponents to create uncertainty about economic benefits and environmental impact. The shift in meaning transformed the issue from an economic one with standard governmental rules and regulations into a planning issue that needs more precaution. 相似文献