消化/剩余污泥水分扩散通量的研究

在传递理论的基础上,研究了干燥温度、污泥厚度及其种类3个主要因素对污泥水分扩散的影响,干燥温度设为30℃、40℃和50℃,污泥厚度设为1.3 cm、2.6 cm和3.9 cm,分别考察了消化和剩余两种污泥的干燥性能。利用实验数据获得两种污泥的有效质扩散系数,采用因次分析法建立了它们的水分扩散通量的准则关系式,通过实验研究两种污泥的水分扩散通量随干基含湿量的变化规律,并获得了两种污泥的水分扩散通量的经验公式。实验结果显示3.9 cm厚的消化污泥在40℃条件下的干燥效果最好。     

含油污泥处理调质过程优化室内实验

含油污泥调质工艺在处理高度乳化性质的含油污泥过程中,为实现含油污泥调质效果优化的目的,文章进行了含油污泥调质处理的影响因素研究,包括药剂组合和用量、搅拌时长、温度等,筛选出最佳絮凝剂和破乳剂组合、药剂最佳投加量和投加方式、最佳温度、最佳搅拌时间。结果表明：在调质温度为50℃的条件下,先投加0.006 mg/g PAM并搅拌5 min,再投加0.08 mg/g SDBS（sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate）并调质10 min,油层厚度比例可达37.2％,含油污泥调质效果最优。研究结果可为含油污泥处理的现场应用提供一定参考。     

食用油脂厂含油污泥特性分析与研究

含油污泥的性质决定其处理工艺和无害化、资源化利用的方式.对天门市合福油脂厂含油污泥的理化性质进行了检测,该油脂厂含油污泥含水率介于21％-29％之间,均值为25.82％,无需进行干化处理;含油率介于0.6％-1.3％之间,均值为0.95％;热值范围为35663.6-40027.3J/g,均值为37670.3J/g,介于原煤和汽油热值之间,是一种很好的燃料,可为合福食用油脂厂含油污泥的利用提供技术支持.     

含油污泥热解工艺优化及资源化利用

针对含油污泥危害性大、难处理的环保难题,以实现含油污泥资源化利用为目标,开展了含油污泥热解实验研究,优化了热解工艺,并对热解产物进行了分析。在催化剂加量1.2％、热解温度为420℃、停留时间3.0 h、加热速率12℃/min、N2流速为90 mL/min条件下对含油污泥进行热解,结果表明：热解油回收率 可达72.35％;热解回收油品质有较大的改善,产生的不凝气体组分可用于燃烧供热,热解残渣热值较高,可制成燃料重复利用,实现了含油污泥的资源化利用。     

吉林扶余油田含油污泥脱油实验研究

通过对吉林扶余油田含油污泥进行图谱分析和X射线衍射分析,确定含油污泥的元素组成和矿物组成。含油污泥脱油率与液固比、温度、搅拌时间和破乳剂的浓度有关。实验结果表明:当液固比为1:1,破乳剂SP加量为20 mg/L,在温度50℃下搅拌5 min,处理后含油污泥脱油率可达到60%以上。     

孤岛油田含油污泥物化耦合处理技术

针对孤岛某区污水站污水池底泥的高含油、含聚、乳化严重等特点,配合清洗工艺研究复配高效破乳清洗药剂,确定工艺运行参数,研究氧化稳定固化药剂,形成清洗、吸附、稳定固化处理技术。该技术主流程为:污泥筛分、清洗设备、清洗药剂、吸附固定修复。实验结果表明,当破乳清洗剂投加量2%、温度25～30℃、搅拌速度为300r/min,搅拌时间为30min,稳定固化修复剂投加量为8%～10%时,处理后的含油污泥含油达到SY/T 7301—2016《陆上石油天然气开采含油污泥资源化综合利用及污染控制技术要求》中规定的≤2%的要求。     

含油污泥特点及处理方法

含油污泥主要来源于油田开采、油气集输及污水处理场,污泥中一般含油率在10%～50%,含水率在40%～90%。文章介绍了不同来源含油污泥的特点及脱水方法,并对各种含油污泥处理方法的优、缺点进行了比较。研究结果表明,各种方法都有其特点和适用范围。由于含油污泥成分复杂,没有任何一种处理方法可以处理所有类型的含油污泥。     

环保型清洗剂处理含油污泥研究

以含油量为21.2％的江汉油田采油厂含油污泥为样品,采用热化学预处理、浮选分离技术处理含油污泥。通过筛选、复配,确定一种清洗效率高、环境友好的含油污泥清洗剂组合,烷基糖苷（APG-0810）、聚乙二醇（PEG-4000）、Na2SiO3之比为1:3:6（质量比）。最优清洗条件为清洗液浓度为0.01g/mL、热洗温度70℃、热洗时间20min、pH值为9、固液比为1:6、浮选搅拌速度1000r/min、浮选充气量为0.2L/min、浮选时间15min,经过3次清洗,含油污泥除油率达到93.40％,含油污泥残油含量降为1.74％,达到 HJ 607—2011《废矿物油回收利用污染控制技术规范》要求。含油污泥清洗前后的原油红外光谱检测表明原油的主要成分没 有改变,处理后得到的原油具有较高的回收利用价值。     

微生物处理含油污泥工艺研究

文章研究了一种新型的微生物处理工艺及微生物热通风法处理含油污泥。选择已有的强化微生物复合菌种,以姬塬油田落地含油污泥为研究对象,实验室找到微生物处理含油污泥的合理温度及湿度;在现场通过预埋管路给含油污泥进行加湿、加热,人工给予最适条件,经过两个月的处理,使含油污泥含油率由12.0%下降到0.27%,达到GB 4284—84《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》要求。     

含油污泥热解的影响因素初探＊

以含油污泥"无害化"为目的,考察了温度、升温速率及含水率对热解反应效果的影响。实验结果表明:温度越高,热解剩余残渣率和残渣含油率越低,热解产气率越高;含油污泥中有机质发生热解反应的主要温度为350～500℃和575～625℃,若热解残渣含油率控制在3.0‰以下,热解温度选择600℃较为适宜;升温速率对热解产气率、剩余残渣率和残渣含油率基本无影响,但升温速率越快,热解反应的产气量曲线峰越向前迁移,热解反应的时间缩短;含油污泥含水率越低,则热解产气率及残渣率越高,但含水率对残渣含油率和热解反应时间无影响。     

含油污泥处理技术方案

阐述了含油污泥处理存在的难点,通过对现有技术的分析,针对某石化厂含油污泥的特点提出了"调质机械脱水、干化减量化、热裂解"3种技术的组合工艺。运行结果表明该工艺能够有效实现含油污泥的减量化和无害化,处理后的含油污泥石油类物质含量低于0.01%,符合SY/T 7301-2016《陆上石油天然气开采含油污泥资源化综合利用及污染控制技术要求》。处理后含油污泥浸出液中重金属含量符合GB5085.3-2007《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》标准。处理约2 000m3含液率85%的含油污泥,回收油品量约100t。     

柳一联含油污泥处理工艺分析

冀东油田柳一联在2010年采用"絮凝-离心脱水浓缩-超热蒸汽干化"技术新建了一套含油污泥装置。该装置分为浓缩、离心脱水和干化三部分。浓缩部分主要包括体积为200m3的两具锥底浓缩罐;脱水部分主要包括一台卧螺离心脱水机,能力20m3/h;干化部分主要包括超热蒸汽发生器和双旋风分离器等,泥饼干化能力350～500kg/d。处理以后的污泥体积缩小上百倍,含油小于1%。分析和总结装置的技术特点,为以后建设同类装置提供参考。     

The convective hot air drying of Lactuca sativa slices

The storage of fresh agricultural products is not easy because of its high moisture. Dehydration is an efficient preservation method. The investigation of drying modeling and transfer characteristics are important for selecting operating conditions and equipment design. The drying behavior of Lactuca sativa slices, with the thickness of 2 mm, was investigated at 60.0–80.0°C and 0.60–1.04 m sec^?1 velocity in a convective hot air drier. The mass transfer during the drying process was described using six thin drying models. The convective heat transfer coefficient α and mass transfer coefficient k_H were finally calculated. The results showed that the drying process could be separated into three stages including accelerating rate, constant rate, and falling rate period, which was influenced by hot air temperature and velocity, and the Modi?ed Page model agreed well with the experimental data. When the operating temperature was increased from 60.0°C to 80.0°C, α was found increased from 88.07 to 107.93 W·m^?2·K^?1, and k_H increased from 46.32 × 10^–3 to 68.04 × 10^–3 kg·m^?2·sec^?1·ΔH^?1. With the increase of air velocity from 0.60 to 1.04 m·sec^?1, α was increased from 78.85 to 101.35 W·m^?2·K^?1, and k_H was enhanced from 51.78 × 10^–3 to 65.85 × 10^–3 kg·m^?2·sec^?1·ΔH^?1.     

Moisture transfer modeling during solar drying of potato cylinders considering shrinkage

In the present work, the thin layer drying kinetics of potato during natural convection solar drying was investigated experimentally. Cylindrical potato samples with length 50 mm and varying diameter of 8, 10 and 13 mm were dried in an in-house designed and fabricated laboratory scale mixed-mode solar dryer. Thirteen different thin-layer mathematical models were fitted to the experimental moisture ratio (MR) data. The obtained results indicated that the Modified Page model could satisfactorily describe the drying curve of potato cylinders with higher value of R² and lower values of RMSE and χ². The shrinkage parameter is incorporated in the analytical diffusion model to study the moisture transfer mechanism of potato cylinders. It was observed that the values of effective diffusion coefficient (D_eff) and convective mass transfer coefficient (h_m) are overestimated in the range of 85.02–90.27% and 39.11–45.11% for the range of sample diameter examined, without considering the shrinkage effect in the mass transfer analysis. A Multiphysics approach was adopted in this study to get insight into the drying behavior of potato cylinders in terms of food-moisture interactions during the solar drying process. The predicted results of MR are in close agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, the anisotropic behavior of shrinkage as well as the moisture distribution inside the potato cylinder was very well described by Multiphysics model.     

Simulation and validation of a suitable model for thin layer drying of ginger rhizomes in an induced draft dryer

Variation in drying material and their biological differences, coupled with heat supply method in different dryers, makes mathematical modeling of drying complicated. Attempt was made to simulate a drying process and to identify best suitable model out of six selected drying models, for drying of ginger slices in a solar-biomass integrated drying system designed and developed for spice drying. Moisture content data were converted into the moisture ratio (MR) expressions and curve fitting with drying time for the selected drying models was analyzed. Sigma Plot software was used for nonlinear regression to the data obtained during drying and for modeling of drying curves. The suitability of the models was evaluated in terms of statistical parameters such as coefficient of determination (R²), mean percentage error (P), and standard error estimate. Drying air temperature was in the range of 47–55°C and air velocity was between 1.0 and 1.3 m s^?1. Ginger slices were dried from 88.13% to 7.65 ± 0.65% (wb) in 16 h. Trays were interchanged in a predetermined matrix sequence from 4 h onwards when moisture content was reduced to 60–70% (wb), for uniformity in drying. Highest value of R² (0.997), lowest value of SEE (0.020), and P value < 0.0001 established Page model as the best suitable model for the developed drying system. The predicted MRs were in good agreement with the experimental values and the effective moisture diffusivity for ginger was found to be 2.97 × 10^–7 m² s^?1.     

稠油污泥的综合处理＊

依据稠油污泥的组成、特点及性质,开发了稠油污泥综合处理技术。利用稠油污水及其余热,采用适宜的预处理工艺实现含油污泥减量处理并回收其中的矿物油。预处理分离的残渣送入层燃热解气化焚烧炉中进行处理,焚烧产生的热能再用于含油污泥前期预处理和稠油污水处理产生的浮渣底泥的干化减量处理。     

含油污泥处理工艺研究进展

产生于污水处理过程中的含油污泥，其含水率很高并不易沉降而难于处理，对生产与环境保护构成了极大的危害。介绍了对浓缩干化、浮选除油、降粘压滤及萃取分离等方法的研究情况，着重介绍了以“气浮-萃取-压滤”为主体的草取分离处理工艺，该工艺不但可以消除含油污泥对环境的污染危害，还可以回收污泥中的污油，为其它有机物含量高的污泥处理提供了可借鉴之路。     

孤东油田含油污泥现状及处理技术

含油污泥是油田开发过程中的重要污染源,孤东油田目前对含油污泥主要采用自然干化填埋处理法。为了更好地回收原油,提高环境效益和经济效益,实验用离心分离法处理含油污泥,结果表明:使用该技术使油回收率可以达到80%以上。当含油量达到一定值时,会产生明显的经济、环境及社会效益。     

含油污泥的热解处理与利用

文章对油田和炼油含油污泥进行了热解处理室内实验,测定了回收油气组成、热解残渣含碳量和Al2O3含量,开展了热解残渣对沥青的吸附性能和再生处理的絮凝性能测试分析。结果表明,含油污泥热解处理具有较好的油气回收和残渣再生利用价值,可实现污泥“零排放”,具有显著的直接经济效益和社会效益。污泥热解的产油率一般可达10%以上,废白土可达20%～30%,油回收率高;污水处理污泥热解残渣的Al2O3含量可达20%以上,有较高的铝含量,初步再生评价对污水有较好的絮凝作用,可再生循环利用;废白土热解残渣的吸附性能与活性白土相当,可循环使用。