常州市2014年降水化学组成及来源浅析

测定了2014年常州市环境监测中心所在测点降水样品的p H值、电导率和主要水溶性离子浓度,利用源贡献估算和后向轨迹分析,对降水中无机离子成分来源进行分析.结果表明,该测点2014年降水p H值和电导率的加权均值分别为4.30μS·cm-1和40.2μS·cm-1;SO2-4和NO-3是主要致酸离子,加权平均浓度分别为124.6μeq·L-1和47.8μeq·L-1;Ca2+和NH+4是主要碱性离子,加权平均浓度分别为136.6μeq·L-1和117.5μeq·L-1.源贡献估算结果表明,99%以上F-、Ca2+来自陆源,K+、Mg2+的陆源比例分别为93%、82%,SO2-4和NO-3基本来自人为源,占比在97%以上;Cl-人为输入约22%,以海洋输入为主.后向轨迹分析表明,西南气团影响次数最多,对应的酸雨频次最高;东北向气团多发秋、冬两季,酸雨概率最高,酸度最强,F-含量最高,Na+、Cl-浓度高;东-东南气团对应降水的SO2-4、NO-3和Ca2+显著高于其他3个来向,离子总浓度最高.     

桂林市大气降水的化学组成特征及来源分析

为揭示桂林市大气降水的组成成分变化特征和来源,于2015年1—12月期间采集了桂林市大气降水样品,分析其中pH、电导率、主要阴阳离子(K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、NH_4~+、SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-、F~-、Cl~-)及重金属元素(As、Cr、Hg、Zn、Cu、Pb)浓度的季节变化特征及湿沉降通量.研究结果显示,桂林市大气降水pH值分布范围介于4.13—7.37之间,其中pH值小于酸雨临界值5.6的占48.0%,表明桂林市降雨存在一定的酸化现象.电导率(EC)变化介于4.53—128.10μS·cm~(-1)之间,雨量加权平均值为16.44μS·cm~(-1).阴离子以SO24-和NO3-为主,雨量加权平均含量分别为94.50μeq·L~(-1)、30.48μeq·L~(-1),占阴离子总量的65.28%和21.06%,其次为Cl-,阳离子以Ca2+为主,雨量加权平均含量为97.67μeq·L~(-1),占阳离子总量的58.76%,其次为NH_4~+,占阳离子总量的/NO_3~-平均值为2.45,大气降水属于硫酸-硝酸混合型,具有逐步向硝酸型转变的趋势.阴阳离子三角图和pearson相关性分析表明,Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)主要来自地壳源和人为源,Ca~(2+)对致酸阴离子NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)的中和作用大于NH_4~+,桂林降水中可能存在以CaSO_4和Ca(NO_3)_2为主的化学物质,Na+主要来源于海洋输送,K~+则来源于人类活动.溶解态重金属元素的平均浓度为127.4μg·L~(-1)(0.349—443.8μg·L~(-1)),重金属湿沉降通量平均值为12.193 mg·(m~2·a)~(-1),其中Zn、Cu的年沉降通量较高,分别占总沉降通量的59.72%和28.80%.     

大气氮湿沉降对青山湖富营养化的影响

针对大气湿沉降氮的区域通量问题,通过2008年春、夏季对临安青山湖区湿沉降中氮素化学形态的分析,揭示了大气氮湿沉降的时间分布特征,通过估算大气氮湿沉降的输入通量,研究湿沉降对湖区水体富营养化的贡献.结果表明,春季青山湖降水总氮浓度范围为(1.30±0.02)—(9.80±0.85)mg.L-1,其中铵态氮占总氮比例最高,为40.7%,硝态氮和有机氮的比例分别为33.5%和25.8%;雨水氮浓度随着降雨强度的增大呈显著下降趋势,铵态氮和硝态氮所占的比例随着降雨的进行会逐渐升高,而有机氮的比例却有不断降低的趋势;青山湖春季大气氮沉降负荷为6.64 kg.hm-2,雨水中平均的氮浓度为(4.86±0.65)mg.L-1,严重超过了水体富营养化0.2 mg.L-1的阈值,对青山湖水生生态系统造成潜在的威胁.     

红壤旱地湿沉降氮特征及其对马唐-冬萝卜连作系统氮素平衡的贡献

大气湿沉降作为农田生态系统养分的重要来源却一直没有得到足够的重视。文章通过常规农作条件,采用自动降雨收集器结合田间实验方法,重点研究了红壤旱地牧草马唐(Digitaria ischaemum)和蔬菜冬萝卜(Raphanus sativus)连作期间大气湿沉降氮素特征,估算了湿沉降向该生态系统输入的氮量,讨论了其对该生态系统氮素平衡的贡献。结果发现,该研究区域不同月份大气湿沉降T-N平均质量浓度为3.91mg·L-1,其中NH4 -N、NO3--N的分别为1.21、0.61mg·L-1;试验期间,湿沉降输入马唐-冬萝卜连作系统的T-N为34.34kg·hm-2,其中冬萝卜生长期最多,占67.88%,湿沉降T-N对该系统氮素输入、输出、盈余的贡献分别为12.97%、17.65%、48.90%。湿沉降T-N对马唐生态系统氮素输入、输出、盈余的贡献分别为6.45%、16.54%、10.57%;对冬萝卜生态系统氮素输入、输出的贡献分别为24.86%和18.23%。红壤旱地普遍具有"酸瘦黏板"的特点,氮素作为一种重要的生命物质和作物营养的必需元素,对作物产量和人民生活质量的提高具有重要的意义。研究结果表明,湿沉降对农田生态系统的影响不容忽视。     

石油类物质的湿沉降及其对区域水环境的影响:以正构烷烃为指示物

为评估含有机污染物的湿沉降对区域水环境污染的贡献,在广州市3个采样点(海珠区、天河区和萝岗区)采集了2010年湿沉降样品(157个),并在天河点采集了12个干沉降、11个地表径流及10个气溶胶样品,并对其中指示化合物正构烷烃的浓度、来源和通量进行分析.正构烷烃(包括从C20—C34的15种同系物)总浓度范围为0.6—292μg·L-1;从季节上看,其在雨季(4—9月)的浓度低于旱季(1—3月和10—12月).碳优势指数和主成分分析结果表明,广州市的正构烷烃主要来源于石油产品的消费(50%),暗示石油产品消耗是主要污染源;其次来自植物排放(38%).此外,广州市在2010年有55±80 t(平均值±标准偏差)正构烷烃经干沉降和湿沉降至地表,其中湿沉降的贡献为39±80 t.同时,大约有224±296 t正构烷烃通过地表径流进入到珠江,反映了面源污染对区域水环境影响很大.因此,控制石油产品的消费和治理地表径流,是抑制面源污染、改善区域水环境的两个途径.     

广东韶关地区大气氮干湿沉降特征研究

2012 年4 月-2013 年9 月利用自动分离干湿沉降的采样器对广东省韶关市降雨和干沉降进行采集,分析样品降雨量、降尘量及氮营养盐干湿沉降浓度,计算各指标干湿沉降通量,利用沉降通量分析其影响因素及季节性变化趋势,为该地区大气氮沉降的通量预测及其环境管理提供支持,并为其生态环境中污染物的控制与减排提供科学依据.结果表明,观测期间总氮干沉降通量、湿沉降通量和总沉降通量平均值分别为47.73、295.7 和310.5 kg·km^-2·month^-1.氨态氮、硝酸盐氮与有机氮干沉降通量平均值分别为17.39、12.98 和17.37 kg·km^-2·month^-1,其湿沉降通量平均值分别为132.4、117.0 和46.23kg·km^-2·month^-1.总氮湿沉降通量占总氮总沉降通量平均比例为83.19%,说明总氮沉降通量以湿沉降为主.影响因素方面,总氮干沉降通量与降尘量无相关性;湿沉降受降雨量影响较大,所以受雨季影响,韶关地区4-6 月总氮湿沉降负荷较大.成分组成上,干沉降中氨态氮平均占总氮比例35.48%,硝酸盐氮平均占27.96%,有机氮平均占36.55%,因此该地区氮营养盐干沉降中以氨态氮和有机氮为主;氮营养盐湿沉降以氨态氮和硝酸盐氮为主,氨态氮平均占总氮比例46.87%,硝酸盐氮平均占40.64%,有机氮平均比例为12.49%,说明该地区湿沉降同时受到农业活动和工业活动的影响.季节变化上,氮营养盐干沉降通量由大到小依次为冬季、春季、秋季、夏季,湿沉降通量春季较高,夏秋两季较低.     

长江口湿沉降汞的时间分布及潜在生态危害

于2008年2月-2009年1月逐月采集长江口右岸陈行采样点的大气湿沉降样品,测试样品的总汞、溶解态汞浓度。分析结果显示,不同月份湿沉降中各形态汞的浓度变化较大,其中总汞浓度变化范围在0.09-0.45μg/L,体积加权平均值为0.22μg/L,总汞沉降通量高达199.79μg/（m2.a）,远高于其它地区,该区域的大气已经受到一定程度的汞污染。总汞、颗粒态汞月沉降量与降水量呈明显的正相关关系（除6月份）,总汞浓度与降水量在汛期（6-9月份）具有良好的负相关性,大气湿沉降汞的形态受到人为活动产生的颗粒物的影响,颗粒态汞占总汞比例变化范围在14%-89%之间,平均为62%。以地表水Ⅲ类标准0.1μg/L为评价标准,长江口湿沉降汞的潜在生态危害系数高,全年湿沉降汞平均值属于强生态危害范围。     

铝胁迫下马尾松幼苗有机酸分泌和根际pH值的变化

以马尾松幼苗为试验材料,选用砂培法研究铝胁迫对马尾松根际pH值、有机酸分泌以及植株中铝累积变化的影响。结果表明,高浓度铝导致根际pH值增加,当铝浓度高于300μmol.L-1时,根际pH值则趋于平稳。在测试的5种有机酸(草酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、乙酸)中,当铝浓度由0升至300μmol.L-1时,草酸和苹果酸根系分泌量随之升高,与根际pH值呈正相关关系;而当铝浓度高于300μmol.L-1时,草酸和苹果酸分泌量则趋于平稳,草酸和苹果酸的分泌影响根际pH值的变化。其次,活性铝通过根系进入植株后,由于营养作用和运输机制,出现分布差异,根部铝积累量明显高于茎和叶。当根系接触的铝浓度低于300μmol.L-1时,植株铝积累量与根际pH值,以及草酸、苹果酸分泌量呈显著正相关。     

UHPLC-MSMS测定环境水中的联苯胺

建立了一种使用超高效液相色谱仪和三重四极杆质谱仪联用(UHPLE-MSMS)测定环境水中联苯胺的方法.该方法为直接进样法,样品经0.22μm滤膜过滤后直接进行定量分析.对联苯胺的线性、仪器精密度、方法检出限(MDL)、定量限(LOQ)和加标回收率进行验证.联苯胺的线性良好,相关系数为0.9999;0.5μg.L-1、2μg.L-1和10μg.L-1标准溶液重复6份测试结果显示,其峰面积和保留时间的相对标准偏差分别在0.10%—0.17%和1.01%—4.87%之间,仪器精密度良好;MDL为0.08μg.L-1;LOQ为0.31μg.L-1;加标回收率为89.9%—103.8%.     

有机酸对潮褐土和红壤吸附Cu(Ⅱ)的影响及其机制

采用吸附平衡法,研究了有机酸(草酸、柠檬酸)对潮褐土和红壤吸附Cu2+的影响及机制.结果表明,潮褐土、红壤对Cu2+吸附明显有异,潮褐土对Cu2+吸附量是红壤对Cu2+吸附量的5倍多.潮褐土对Cu2+的竞争吸附率随有机酸浓度升高而降低,当草酸、柠檬酸浓度为10 mmol(L-1时,Cu2+吸附率均分别比对照的降低40%和70%以上.在低浓度条件下,红壤对Cu2+的竞争吸附率随有机酸浓度的提高而增加,当草酸、柠檬酸浓度分别超过1 mmol(L-1和0.05 mmol(L-1时,又随有机酸浓度的升高而降低.两种土壤对Cu2+次级吸附率随有机酸浓度升高而变化的规律与竞争吸附的一致.在相同有机酸浓度下,土壤对Cu2+的次级吸附率均比竞争吸附率的高.     

Rapid,recurring, structured survey versus bioblitz for generating biodiversity data and analysis with a multispecies abundance model

A bioblitz inexpensively and quickly generates biodiversity data, but bioblitzes are often conducted with haphazard, unreplicated sampling. Results tend to be taxonomically, geographically, or temporally biased, lack metadata, and consist of lists of observed taxa that do not enable further analyses or correction for imperfect detection. A rapid, recurring, structured survey (RRSS) uses a structured sampling design and temporal and spatial replication to survey randomly selected sites on a conservation property. We participated in a loosely structured bioblitz and a subsequent RRSS at Big Canoe Creek Nature Preserve in Springville (St. Clair County), Alabama (USA) to compare observed richness derived from the 2 survey approaches. The RRSS data structure enabled us to fit models that accounted for imperfect detection to estimate abundances, occupancy probabilities, and habitat associations. The loosely structured bioblitz data could not be used in such models. We present a new integrated multispecies abundance model that we applied to avian RRSS data. Our model extension enables estimation for the community, employs data augmentation to estimate the number of undetected species, and incorporates covariates. The RRSS generated a more comprehensive and less biased list of observed taxonomic richness than the loosely structured bioblitz (e.g., 73 vs. 45 bird species and 104 vs. 63 insect families from the RRSS vs. loosely structured bioblitz, respectively). Models fit to the RRSS data identified seasonal patterns in avian community composition and allowed for estimation of habitat–occupancy relationships for insect taxa. The RRSS protocol has potential for broad transferability as a standardized, quick, and inexpensive way to inventory biodiversity and estimate ecological parameters while providing an outreach opportunity.     

Compliance with and ecosystem function of biodiversity offsets in North American and European freshwaters

Land-use change via human development is a major driver of biodiversity loss. To reduce these impacts, billions of dollars are spent on biodiversity offsets. However, studies evaluating offset project effectiveness that examine components such as the overall compliance and function of projects remain rare. We reviewed 577 offsetting projects in freshwater ecosystems that included the metrics project size, type of aquatic system (e.g., wetland and creek), offsetting measure (e.g., enhancement, restoration, and creation), and an assessment of the projects’ compliance and functional success. Project information was obtained from scientific and government databases and gray literature. Despite considerable investment in offsetting projects, crucial problems persisted. Although compliance and function were related to each other, a high level of compliance did not guarantee a high degree of function. However, large projects relative to area had better function than small projects. Function improved when projects targeted productivity or specific ecosystem features and when multiple complementary management targets were in place. Restorative measures were more likely to achieve targets than creating entirely new ecosystems. Altogether the relationships we found highlight specific ecological processes that may help improve offsetting outcomes.     

A palaeo-hydrogeological model for arsenic contamination in southern and south-east Asia

An argument is presented in which areas of natural arsenic contamination of modern groundwaters throughout Asia have a common origin. Arsenic originally accumulated in oceanic ferro-manganoan sediments of the eastern Palaeo-Tethys. This was further concentrated through oceanic crustal extinction in what later became the south-east Chinese accreted mineralised terrain. Proto-Himalayan uplift of this area created the palaeo-drainage systems of the Ganges – Brahmaputra, Irrawaddy, Mekong, and Red Rivers, with consequent headwater erosion of arsenic-rich sediments. Their downstream deposition as immature and easily redistributed Neogene sandstones, silts, and iron-rich clays has created secondary and tertiary reservoirs of adsorbed and authigenic arsenic, from which the current arsenic-rich groundwaters have evolved. Considering river basins within the above palaeo-hydrogeological framework provides a basis for assessing the risk of arsenic in groundwater basins of south and south-eastern Asia.     

Cost‐effective conservation of an endangered frog under uncertainty

How should managers choose among conservation options when resources are scarce and there is uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of actions? Well‐developed tools exist for prioritizing areas for one‐time and binary actions (e.g., protect vs. not protect), but methods for prioritizing incremental or ongoing actions (such as habitat creation and maintenance) remain uncommon. We devised an approach that combines metapopulation viability and cost‐effectiveness analyses to select among alternative conservation actions while accounting for uncertainty. In our study, cost‐effectiveness is the ratio between the benefit of an action and its economic cost, where benefit is the change in metapopulation viability. We applied the approach to the case of the endangered growling grass frog (Litoria raniformis), which is threatened by urban development. We extended a Bayesian model to predict metapopulation viability under 9 urbanization and management scenarios and incorporated the full probability distribution of possible outcomes for each scenario into the cost‐effectiveness analysis. This allowed us to discern between cost‐effective alternatives that were robust to uncertainty and those with a relatively high risk of failure. We found a relatively high risk of extinction following urbanization if the only action was reservation of core habitat; habitat creation actions performed better than enhancement actions; and cost‐effectiveness ranking changed depending on the consideration of uncertainty. Our results suggest that creation and maintenance of wetlands dedicated to L. raniformis is the only cost‐effective action likely to result in a sufficiently low risk of extinction. To our knowledge we are the first study to use Bayesian metapopulation viability analysis to explicitly incorporate parametric and demographic uncertainty into a cost‐effective evaluation of conservation actions. The approach offers guidance to decision makers aiming to achieve cost‐effective conservation under uncertainty.     

Parasitic wasps orient to green leaf volatiles

Summary Undamaged plants emit low levels of green leaf volatiles (GLVs), while caterpillar-damaged and artificially damaged plants emit relatively higher levels of certain GLVs. Female braconid parasitoids,Microplitis croceipes, oriented to both damaged plants and to individual GLVs in no-choice tests in a wind tunnel, but seldom oriented to undamaged plants. Female ichneumonid parasitoids,Netelia heroica, also oriented to individual GLVs in a wind tunnel. Males of both wasp species failed to orient to the GLVs. These data show that leaf-feeding caterpillars can cause the release of GLVs, and that parasitic wasps can respond to these odors by flying upwind (chemoanemotactic response), which brings the wasps to their caterpillar hosts. This supports the hypothesis that plants communicate with members of the third trophic level,i.e., plants under herbivore attack emit chemical signals that guide natural enemies of herbivores to sites of plant damage. In this interaction, the GLVs serve as tritrophic plant-to-parasitoid synomones. That parasitoids from two different wasp families oriented to GLVs suggests that the response may be widespread among the Hymenoptera.Mention of a commercial or proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture     

Potential for Electropositive Metal to Reduce the Interactions of Atlantic Sturgeon with Fishing Gear

Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus) populations have been declared either endangered or threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Effective measures to repel sturgeon from fishing gear would be beneficial to both fish and fishers because they could reduce both fishery‐associated mortality and the need for seasonal and area closures of specific fisheries. Some chondrostean fishes (e.g., sturgeons and paddlefishes) can detect weak electric field gradients (possibly as low as 5 Μv/cm) due to arrays of electroreceptors (ampullae of Lorenzini) on their snout and gill covers. Weak electric fields, such as those produced by electropositive metals (typically mixtures of the lanthanide elements), could therefore potentially be used as a deterrent. To test this idea, we recorded the behavioral responses of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (31–43 cm fork length) to electropositive metal (primarily a mixture of the lanthanide elements neodymium and praseodymium) both in the presence and absence of food stimuli. Trials were conducted in an approximately 2.5 m diameter × 0.3 m deep tank, and fish behaviors were recorded with an overhead digital video camera. Video records were subsequently digitized (x, y coordinate system), the distance between the fish and the electropositive metal calculated, and data summarized by compiling frequency distributions with 5‐cm bins. Juvenile sturgeon showed clear avoidance of electropositive metal but only when food was present. On the basis of our results, we conclude that the electropositive metals, or other sources of weak electric fields, may eventually be used to reduce the interactions of Atlantic sturgeon with fishing gear, but further investigation is needed. El Potencial del Metal Electropositivo para Reducir las Interacciones del Esturión Atlántico con Instrumentos de Pesca Bouyoucos, Bushnell & Brill 13–003     

The role of time and species identities in spatial patterns of species richness and conservation

Many conservation actions are justified on the basis of managing biodiversity. Biodiversity, in terms of species richness, is largely the product of rare species. This is problematic because the intensity of sampling needed to characterize communities and patterns of rarity or to justify the use of surrogates has biased sampling in favor of space over time. However, environmental fluctuations interacting with community dynamics lead to temporal variations in where and when species occur, potentially affecting conservation planning by generating uncertainty about results of species distribution modeling (including range determinations), selection of surrogates for biodiversity, and the proportion of biodiversity composed of rare species. To have confidence in the evidence base for conservation actions, one must consider whether temporal replication is necessary to produce broad inferences. Using approximately 20 years of macrofaunal data from tidal flats in 2 harbors, we explored variation in the identity of rare, common, restricted range, and widespread species over time and space. Over time, rare taxa were more likely to increase in abundance or occurrence than to remain rare or disappear and to exhibit temporal patterns in their occurrence. Space–time congruency in ranges (i.e., spatially widespread taxa were also temporally widespread) was observed only where samples were collected across an environmental gradient. Fifteen percent of the taxa in both harbors changed over time from having spatially restricted ranges to having widespread ranges. Our findings suggest that rare species can provide stability against environmental change, because the majority of species were not random transients, but that selection of biodiversity surrogates requires temporal validation. Rarity needs to be considered both spatially and temporally, as species that occur randomly over time are likely to play a different role in ecosystem functioning than those exhibiting temporal structure (e.g., seasonality). Moreover, temporal structure offers the opportunity to place management and conservation activities within windows of maximum opportunity.     

Main nutrient compounds in food bodies of Mexican <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acacia</Emphasis> ant-plants

Summary. Myrmecophytic plants use obligate ant mutualists as a constitutive indirect defence mechanism. These plants often produce cellular food bodies (FBs) to nourish their resident ants. Lipids, proteins, and even highly specialised compounds such as glycogen have been reported from FBs, but detailed chemical analyses of FB composition have so far been presented only for Southeast Asian Macaranga and Central American Piper myrmecophytes. Here we report the chemical composition of FBs of five myrmecophytic Acacia (Fabaceae) species from Mexico using HPLC (carbohydrates and proteins) and GC-MS (lipids). Feeding experiments revealed no hints on any use of external food sources by the inhabiting Pseudomyrmex ants. These ants obviously rely completely on FBs and extrafloral nectar provided by their hosts. The total content of nutrients in Acacia FBs was 15-25% of FB dry mass, being much lower than in Macaranga or Piper FBs. Proteins were dominating (8-14 % dm) in Acacia FBs and thus were present in higher amounts than in Macaranga FBs, yet in lower amounts than in Piper. Lipids contributed 1-9 % of dry mass, showing a lower proportion than in FBs of Macaranga or Piper. Carbohydrates made up 3-11 % dm, reaching in most Acacia species the same range as observed in Macaranga and in Piper FBs. Water content was 18-24 % of FB fresh mass, and structural tissue obviously made up a much higher proportion in Acacia FBs than in Macaranga or Piper FBs. Both characters might represent an adaptation to producing FBs unprotected at the leaf tips under dry conditions. Acacia FBs contain all amino acids and all fatty acids that are considered essential for insects, and their contents of lipids and proteins are higher than in the leaves from which they are ontogenetically derived. This indicates a putatively adaptive enrichment of nutritionally valuable compounds in structures functioning as ant-food.     

Examining the uncertain origin and management role of martens on Prince of Wales Island,Alaska

Conservation biologists are generally united in efforts to curtail the spread of non‐native species globally. However, the colonization history of a species is not always certain, and whether a species is considered non‐native or native depends on the conservation benchmark. Such ambiguities have led to inconsistent management. Within the Tongass National Forest of Alaska, the status of American marten (Martes americana) on the largest, most biologically diverse and deforested island, Prince of Wales (POW), is unclear. Ten martens were released to POW in the early 1930s, and it was generally believed to be the founding event, although this has been questioned. The uncertainty surrounding when and how martens colonized POW complicates management, especially because martens were selected as a design species for the Tongass. To explore the history of martens of POW we reviewed other plausible routes of colonization; genetically and isotopically analyzed putative marten fossils deposited in the late Pleistocene and early Holocene to verify marten occupancy of POW; and used contemporary genetic data from martens on POW and the mainland in coalescent simulations to identify the probable source of the present‐day marten population on POW. We found evidence for multiple routes of colonization by forest‐associated mammals beginning in the Holocene, which were likely used by American martens to naturally colonize POW. Although we cannot rule out human‐assisted movement of martens by Alaskan Natives or fur trappers, we suggest that martens be managed for persistence on POW. More generally, our findings illustrate the difficulty of labeling species as non‐native or native, even when genetic and paleo‐ecological data are available, and support the notion that community resilience or species invasiveness should be prioritized when making management decisions rather than more subjective and less certain conservation benchmarks.