消防报警产品和系统的技术现状与市场

1 火灾自动报警系统现状与分类 近年来红光束感烟火灾探测器、缆式线型定温火灾探测器、可燃气体探测器等在安防工程中的应用日渐增多,并已有相应的产品标准和设计规范。 红外光束线型感烟探测器是应用烟粒子吸收或散射红外光束,使红外光束强度发生变化的原理工作的。探测器的工作原理与光电感烟探测器类似,只     

可燃气体报警器的选点安装与使用维护初探

可燃气体报警器由探测器与报警仪构成,是石油、燃气、化工、油库等存在可燃气体的石油化工行业检测室内外危险场所的泄漏情况的。当被测场所存在可燃气体时,探测器将气信号转换成电压信号或电流信号传送到报警仪表,仪器显示出可燃气体爆炸下限的     

可燃气体报警器的选点安装与使用维护

可燃气体报警器由探测器与报警仪构成,广泛应用于石油、燃气、化工、油库等存在可燃气体的石油化工行业,可检测室内外危险场所的泄漏情况。当被测场所存在可燃气体时．探测器将泄漏气体转换成电压信号或电流信号传送到报警仪表,仪器显示出可燃气体爆炸下限的百分比浓度值。当可燃气体浓度超过报警设定值时．该报警器发出声光报警信号提示值班人员及时采取安全措施,避免燃爆事故发生。     

现代火灾报警系统简介

火灾探测报警系统主要产品的分类火灾探测报警系统的主要产品有 :探测器、控制器、功能模块、显示设备、通讯广播等五大类。探测器可分为 :感烟 (点型离子式、点型光电式 ,线型红外光束型、线型激光型 )、感温 (点型定温式、点型差温式、点型差定温式 ,线型定温式、线型差温式 )、感光 (紫外型火焰型、红外型火焰型 )、气体探测器 (可燃气体探测器、ＣＯ气体探测器 )、复合式探测器 (感烟感温型、感烟感光型、感温感光型、感烟感温感光型 )等。而功能模块可分为通用模块、专用模块两种。显示设备有楼层复示器、声光报警器、ＣＲＴ系统等 ,通…     

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<正>"体检"近期,西部管道库尔勒原油站为确保消防系统运行稳定,对站场固定消防系统开展联动测试。现场专业人员重点对站场可燃气体探头、火焰探测器、感温、感烟探头以及厨房、锅炉房可燃气体探测器进行功能测试,并将检测中存在的隐蔽缺陷及时修复;同时,该次测试还检验了站场人员消除火灾隐患能力,为站场安全运行打下良好基础。     

典型LNG加气站泄漏事故模拟及探测覆盖率研究

为研究液化天然气(LNG)加气站发生泄漏后造成的事故后果及现有可燃气体探测器覆盖率是否满足要求,采用FLACS三维模拟软件模拟典型LNG加气站槽车及卸车管道、储罐、加气机单元,发生泄漏后火灾热辐射、爆炸超压造成的事故影响范围,评估现有可燃气体探测器对所发生泄漏的探测覆盖情况。研究结果表明：LNG槽车、LNG储罐发生50 mm泄漏,站房及加油区域靠近LNG储罐处热辐射可达25 kW/m²,辐射强度导致附近人员伤亡;LNG撬装及加油机附近最大爆炸超压超过20 kPa;通过可燃气体探测器覆盖率评估得出LNG加气站接卸软管向西、向南方向发生泄漏,无有效探测途径。     

非色散红外CO2飞机火警探测技术研究

提出了基于非色散红外吸收原理(NDIR)实时监测环境中CO2气体浓度变化进行火警探测的方法。根据高空大气环境的特殊性,探讨了基于NDIR的CO2气体探测技术应用于飞机上所面临的低温低压难题。进行了基于NDIR的红外CO2飞机火警探测器的两种结构设计,提出了基于CO2气体浓度监测的红外CO2飞机火警探测器的主要参数要求,研究了基于CO2浓度变化速率与变化值的火灾报警算法。     

原油储罐区可燃气体探测器布置优化方案研究

为有效预警原油储备区储罐气体泄漏,制定气体探测器布置优化方案,以某大型原油站库为例,基于CFD法和FLACS软件模拟原油泄漏及可燃蒸汽云溢散分布,通过分析蒸汽云扩散规律,实现全方位气体探测器优化布置.结果表明:原油储罐区探测器分别布置在区块21-2、6-1、31-1、40-2,且每个罐组总计布置16处;优化设置方案可满...     

基于详细化学动力学的甲烷热着火影响因素分析

利用化学动力学软件CHEMKIN4.1,在不同初始温度、浓度、湿度和压强下,对甲烷热着火进行了详细化学动力学 模拟。通过对主要组分摩尔浓度分析和温度敏感性分析,得到了甲烷热着火过程的主要基元反应和引发热着火发生的主 要原因。通过对甲烷热着火的延迟时间、热着火发生后主要生成物摩尔浓度和反应后的温度的对比分析,揭示了初始浓 度、湿度和压强对甲烷热着火的影响规律。本研究可以为甲烷为主的气体如瓦斯、天然气等可燃气体的燃烧和爆炸提供 理论支撑,从而有效利用这些可燃气体,降低灾害的发生。     

可燃气体报警器快速校准装置的研究

针对石化企业中可燃气体报警器校准工作存在着校准周期长、维护困难、准确性不能保证的现状,提出了一种通过将高浓度可燃气体物质经过定量稀释配制成用于可燃气体报警器标定的多种浓度气体物质的方法,并设计了一种由两路流量检测与控制模块和一个监控单元构成的可燃气体报警器快速标定装置。叙述了可燃气体报警器快速标定装置的原理、元器件构成、设计结构、流量控制方法和防爆措施的实现。     

Research based on double coverage rate and reliability of gas detector layout optimization

The gas detector layout should be highly attuned to combustible gas leakage and attain a good reliability in avoiding detector malfunction, which is an important guarantee for the normal production of the chemical industry and other related enterprises. Herein, a gas detector layout optimization method based on double coverage and reliability is proposed. The key gas leakage monitoring area is determined through layout scene field investigation. To improve the detection probability and detection system reliability, the dual coverage target and voting mechanism are set, and the gas detector layout is determined with the ray-casting algorithm according to the coverage target. Combined with FLACS software to simulate a variety of typical leakage conditions under different layout scenarios, the relationship between the leaked gas concentration detected by gas detectors in each layout scheme and time is obtained, and the gas leakage detection probability in each layout scheme, number of detectors that can trigger the alarm, shortest time to trigger the alarm and reliability are comprehensively evaluated. The decision-maker selects the final gas detector layout plan according to the evaluation results and actual site needs. The study shows that the detection probability of each layout scheme set according to the double coverage is high, and multiple detectors can trigger the alarm (up to 100%), which ensures that the alarm can be triggered within 10 s under all applicable conditions. According to the evaluation results, the decision-maker can obtain a layout scheme that not only agrees with the actual site conditions but also attains a high detection probability, short detection time and strong reliability.     

燃烧假人实验室安全监控及应急处理系统设计

针对燃烧假人实验室的安全监控和应急处理要求,根据相关国家标准,设计了感温、感烟、可燃气体探测器、声光报警器,摄像装置、通排风系统、灭火处理系统和水喷淋降温装置,并采取防雷击和防静电措施,实现了对高温、烟雾和燃气泄露等安全隐患的全面监控和处理。     

Explosibility and thermal decomposition behavior of nitrile rubber dust in industrial processes

The formation of nitrile rubber (NBR) dust clouds during processing can lead to a potential dust explosion under certain conditions. However, the potential explosion hazard posed by NBR dust is usually overlooked by enterprises. In this paper, the explosive properties of NBR dust are investigated using a Hartmann tube, a G-G furnace, and a 20 L explosion chamber. The results showed that NBR dust could cause explosions severe enough to be classified as St-1. In addition, the thermal decomposition behavior of NBR dust under combustion conditions was investigated using a combination of thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR). The results indicated that in the early stage, NBR dust mainly undergoes self-thermal decomposition to produce a large amount of combustible gas, which combines with oxygen to form a mixed gas and cause a gas-phase explosion. In addition, the participation of oxygen could lower the initial temperature of NBR dust thermal decomposition. As a result, decomposition occurred more quickly and a large amount of combustible gas was produced, thus expanding the range of dust explosions. Furthermore, these combustible gases exhibit varying degrees of toxicity, seriously affecting the life and health safety of relevant personnel. This work provides theoretical guidance for the development of safe procedures to prevent and address problems during NBR dust processing in enterprises.     

基于无线传感器网络的市政下水道可燃气体监测系统设计及应用

为防止下水道可燃气体积聚引发爆炸事故,利用无线传感器网络技术设计了市政下水道可燃气体监测系统.实测结果表明:气体传感器监测数据相对误差在2.0%以内,无线数据收发设备的年发送成功率达到98.0%,满足工程运用需求,系统具有较高的可靠性和稳定性.结合无线网络覆盖范围广、实时在线的特点,该系统实现了对不同区域下水道内可燃气体浓度的远程监测,为下水道的安全预警提供了有效依据.     

小环境密闭空间初始压力对预混合可燃性气体爆炸的影响

在工程应用中,初始压力的增高一般都能提高预混合可燃性气体爆炸的强度,缩小反应设备的体积.因此研究在小环境密闭空间下初始压力的变化对预混合可燃性气体爆炸的特性与规律是十分必要的.本文运用AutoReaGas爆炸仿真模拟器定量研究了小环境密闭空间的初始压力对预混合可燃性气体爆炸的影响.其结果表明,在相同小环境密闭空间尺寸下利用AutoReaGas爆炸仿真模拟器充入相同条件的预混合可燃性气体.其预混合气体密度、冲击波产生的超压都随着初始压力的增加而增大;并且爆炸超压与初始压力呈近似的线性关系;但各个观测点的温度和速度并不随着初始压力的增加而变化.研究所取得的成果可为今后的工程应用提供一定的理论数据指导.     

Modified explosive diagram for determining gas-mixture explosibility

Determination of mine gas explosibility is definitely a significant work for mine safety especially when any mine rescue strategies are under planning or implementing. In detail, its importance can be well understood by the following two aspects: First, if a coal mine's production is under the normal conditions, the underground mine atmosphere must be monitored as a timely matter and its explosibility should also be determined shortly due to the continuous emission of methane or other combustible gases. Thus, the critical time which means a time period that combustible gases could build up to reach the lower flammable limit and then pass the upper flammable limit can be effectively watched and controlled. Second, when facing a mine rescue work or mitigating a hazard of mine accidents (gas explosion, coal fire, etc.), the explosibility determination is also very critical for miners' lives. In this paper, a widely used mine gas explosibility determination method, the Coward diagram, is going to be modified to improve its accuracy. The improvements made in this research effort include: (1) expanding the original Coward diagram; (2) correcting flammable limits; (3) redefining the nose limit for each combustible gas; (4) developing an equation to predict the excess amount of inert gas for individual combustible gas. Finally, the flowchart of the modified Coward explosibility diagram method is listed. By a cross-verification study, it shows that the modified Coward method has better accuracy and reliability and could be applied in practices.     

无线遥控可燃气体泄漏报警系统的设计

利用半导体气敏传感器、无线电收/发模块等器件,设计了无线遥控可燃气体报警系统.该系统对泄漏的可燃气体或有毒气体的浓度进行检测,遥控距离3 000 m,可用于工业、民用、公共场所的气体泄漏安全报警及大气污染检测等.     

多元可燃气体爆炸极限理论预测模型研究*

为准确掌握和预测多元可燃气体的爆炸极限,开展2种多元可燃气体爆炸极限的理论预测模型研究。第1种模型针对“多种可燃气体+多种惰性气体”在空气中或氧气中混合,基于求解可燃气体绝热火焰温度的总比热特性方法以及化学平衡反应中的贫燃料(富氧)反应,提出该多元可燃气体的爆炸下限预测模型;第2种模型针对“可燃气体+惰性气体+氧气”混合,基于热平衡方程及混合气体的各组分浓度、淬灭电势及燃烧潜热,提出该多元可燃气体的爆炸极限预测模型。结果表明:在预测多元可燃气体的爆炸极限时,第1种模型具有较广泛的应用性,且表现出较高的准确度;第2种模型具有使用简单的特点,且扩展了LCR（勒夏特列原理）的应用范围。