The crystal growth of hydroxyapatite in presence of collagens

The crystal growth of hydroxyapatite (HAP) seeds in presence of the abnormal collagen secreted by the chondrocyte grown in media containing free radical sources or fulvic acid and the type II collagen (pig cartilage) damaged by · OH and fulvic acid(FA) from potable water in endemic region of Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) was studied. The results showed that in the former case, the abnormal collagen rich in type I collagen promoted mineralization in contrast with the type n collagen. The oxidatively damaged type II collagen became less inhibitive or even promotive. In all cases, the reaction followed a second order kinetics. The powder X-diffraction analysis and SEM observation indicated that the damaged type II collagen lowers the crystalinity in the beginning and made the final crystal more agglomerated. All the results showed that the abnormal and the damaged cartilage matrix affected the bimineralization and was likely to have played an important role in the development of KBD.     

The oxidation damage of type II collagen by oxy free radicals and fulvic acid

The features of oxidative damage to type II collagen from pig cartilage, induced by · OH, O2- and fulvic acid from epidemic district of KBD, were studied in vitro. The results from amino acid analysis of the damaged collagen are characterized by a decrease in hydroxyproline and proline contents, and an increase in glutamic acid content. The change arc dependent on·OH and FA concentration. It is postulated that the FA or other toxic xenobiotics induce the generation of free radicals, which play the role of the trigger in KBD development.     

Collagen biosynthesis in cell culture from chorionic villi

After chorionic villus biopsy of human placenta, cell cultures were propagated with Ham's F10 medium or Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM). It was possible to study the morphology of the cells by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after a special culture of the cells in a collagen gel. The cells embedded in a collagen gel were able to contract the gel and to organize collagen fibres, as fibroblast cultures do. TEM showed vacuolization and well-developed cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum, especially in the case of MEM culture. The aim was to determine whether cells cultivated from early placenta were able to synthesize enough collagen for a metabolic study. A high level of collagen biosynthesis could be quantified. Types I and III collagen can be determined which is useful for studying the abnormalities of collagen synthesis in suspected cases of osteogenesis imperfecta or Ehlers–Danlos type IV syndrome. The hydroxylation of lysine can also be studied with respect to Ehlers–Danlos type VI syndrome. Moreover, these cells, in contrast to fibroblast cultures, made it possible to study the biosynthesis of type IV collagen.     

SO2污染激活AT1R改变运动大鼠心肌胶原纤维形态学并导致心功能降低

为了观察SO₂污染环境下运动对大鼠心功能的影响,从心脏局部肾素-血管紧张素系统（renin-angiotensin system,RAS）核心成员——血管紧张素Ⅱ（angiotensin Ⅱ,AngⅡ）Ⅰ型受体（AT₁R）介导的心肌胶原纤维形态结构重塑的角度出发,应用心脏插管技术观察大鼠的心脏功能;采用放射免疫技术（ELISA）、免疫组织化学和胃酶酸解法等方法对心肌局部ρ（AngⅡ）、AT₁R蛋白表达水平、w（HYP）（HYP为羟脯氨酸）及胶原容积分数进行检测.结果表明:①单纯运动组（EG）大鼠主动脉收缩压、左室内压峰值、±dp/dt_max（左室内压最大上升速率/下降速率）显著升高（P < 0.01）,舒张压、AT₁R蛋白表达显著降低（P < 0.01）,w（HYP）、w（CC）（心肌胶原浓度）、PVCA（血管周围胶原面积）、CVF（心肌胶原容积分数）及ρ（AngⅡ）有升高趋势（P>0.01）;②单纯SO₂污染组（SRG）大鼠左室末期舒张压显著升高（P < 0.01）,左室内压±dp/dt_max显著降低（P < 0.01）;w（HYP）、w（CC）、PVCA、CVF、ρ（AngⅡ）及AT₁R蛋白表达水平均显著升高（P < 0.01）;③SO₂污染+运动组（SEG）大鼠左室末期舒张压显著升高（P < 0.01）,主动脉收缩压、左室内压峰值、左室内压±dp/dt_max显著降低（P < 0.01）,w（HYP）、w（CC）、PVCA、CVF、ρ（AngⅡ）及AT₁R蛋白表达水平均显著升高（P < 0.01）,并且较SRG大鼠升高更显著（P < 0.01）.研究显示,SO₂污染导致运动大鼠心肌胶原纤维形态结构发生异常重塑,最终使大鼠的心功能产生显著的负性变力性效应,其机制可能与心脏局部RAS系统的激活有关.      

酸碱回收对粉煤灰合成沸石性能的影响

针对粉煤灰合成沸石合成成本较高及废酸碱外排污染环境的问题,对粉煤灰合成人工沸石工艺中废酸碱回收的可行性及其对合成沸石产品性能的影响进行了试验研究,研究设置3个废酸碱回收利用比例条件(1:1,2:1,3:1),其他合成条件与初始粉煤灰合成沸石完全相同.利用SEM、XRD、BET等技术对合成产品进行表征,结果表明回收酸合成沸石(WAC-ZFA)、回收碱合成沸石(WAL-ZFA)表面存在大量孔隙结构,XRD图谱也存在尖锐的沸石衍射峰,表征结果与粉煤灰合成沸石(ZFA)相似;在BET方面,与ZFA相比,WAC-ZFA有所下降,而WAL-ZFA明显增大;废碱回收比例对合成沸石除氨的效果影响不大,而废酸回收比例对合成沸石除氨的效果影响较明显,综合考虑,建议在实际生产中废酸回收比例宜≤1:1,废碱回收比例宜≤3:1.     

复合聚硅铝三十絮凝剂的混凝性能研究

制备了一种新型的复合聚硅铝三十(PSiAl30)类絮凝剂,与常规聚合氯化铝PAC(以Al13为主)和Al30絮凝剂作对比,通过烧杯混凝实验,考察了其对腐殖酸-高岭土悬浊液的混凝效果。结果表明,复合硅的PSiAl30系列既有Al30的电中和能力,又起吸附架桥作用。PSiAl30絮凝剂对水体酸碱度影响小,可适用于低碱度水体。弱碱性范围内,硅/铝比为0.05的PSiAl30有最高的TOC去除率,最低的投药量,并能显著提高对非芳烃类的去除能力。     

核桃果皮基磁性固体酸催化剂的制备及其催化性能研究

采用自底向上策略,利用农业废弃物核桃青果皮制备了磁性碳质固体酸催化剂,并对其进行了BET、XRD、SEM、IR和TGA等表征分析.结果表明,合成的磁性固体酸催化剂结构蓬松,比表面积大,具有良好的热稳定性.催化剂MPCs-0.2-SO₃H在生物柴油的合成中具有良好的催化活性.当醇油比为30,催化剂加入量为油酸质量的7%,80℃反应8 h酯化率达到74.2%,比商用Amberlyst-15催化剂的酯化率高近20%,最高含水量可达油酸质量的4%,重复使用3次后仍具有较高的酯化率,不仅实现了废弃物的资源化,而且得到的催化剂磁性易分离,在生物柴油的合成中具有巨大的应用潜能.     

环保型循环冷却水处理剂的合成

以柠檬酸为原料 ,分子内脱水生成乌头酸 ,与少量丙烯酸合成了乌头酸 丙烯酸共聚物 (AA AA) ,对反应的相关条件及共聚物的生物降解性进行了一系列研究。结果表明 ,反应的链转移剂质量分数 1 0 %时 ,产物性能最佳。共聚物AA AA具有优良的阻垢性能及生物降解性 ,30d的生物降解率可达 6 0 3%。     

产酸-硫酸盐还原系统中产酸菌的发酵类型及其与SRB的协同作用

通过间歇实验和连续流试验 ,探讨了利用产酸相处理硫酸盐有机废水时产酸菌 (AB)的主要发酵类型、硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)对底物的利用规律以及系统中这两大菌群间的协同关系 .间歇实验结果表明 ,AB的液相末端产物中乙醇占 3 5 6 %、乙酸占 3 7 7% ,同时有氢气产生 ,属于乙醇型发酵类型 .SRB容易利用的底物为氢气、乙醇和乳酸 ,不易利用乙酸、丙酸和丁酸 .SRB将乙醇转化为乙酸 ,而乙酸极少被继续转化 ,导致反应器内出现乙酸积累现象 .连续流试验结果表明 ,系统中硫酸根还原效果与产酸菌和硫酸盐还原菌的协同作用状态密切相关 :当产酸菌和硫酸盐还原菌处于较好的协同作用状态时 ,系统对硫酸根的转化率较高 ;反之则使硫酸根的转化率降低     

有机配体对膨润土负载纳米零价铁还原Cr(Ⅵ)的影响

六价铬〔Cr(Ⅵ)〕因具有剧毒性和致癌性而被广泛关注. 以Fe(Ⅲ)与 NaBH₄反应制得负载型的纳米铁(B-NZVI),并对该材料做了TEM和AAS的表征;深入考察B-NZVI去除Cr(Ⅵ)的动力学规律,以及草酸、柠檬酸、草酸钠、柠檬酸钠等有机配体对膨润土负载纳米零价铁还原Cr(Ⅵ)去除速率的影响,并对其影响机理进行初步探讨. 结果表明,膨润土负载纳米零价铁对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除行为符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型,其k_obs为0.011 97 min-1;草酸、柠檬酸、草酸钠和EDTA可促进B-NZVI对Cr(Ⅵ)的还原去除作用;柠檬酸钠则起到抑制作用. a      

硅钨酸敏化TiO_2的制备及光催化性能研究

以硅钨酸为敏化剂,采用水热法合成了杂多酸敏化光催化剂TiO2-SiW。利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)等测试手段对样品进行表征,以罗丹明B为模拟污染物评价其光催化活性。XRD结果表明,所得TiO2催化剂为锐钛矿型;UV-vis吸收光谱分析表明,杂多酸敏化使TiO2在可见光区的吸收增强,吸收边红移;光催化实验结果表明,所得TiO2-SiW催化剂光催化活性较好,将催化剂对模拟污染物的处理取得了较好的成果。     

Speciation characterization and coagulation of poly-silica-ferric-chloride：The role of hydrolyzed Fe（Ⅲ） and silica interaction

The highly e cient inorganic polymer flocculants (IPFs) of the ferric-silica system is a new and promising coagulant. Interactions between ferric species and silica play a large part in the coagulation of suspensions. These e ects are quite distinct from those associated with polymeric or colloid silica. However, although these species are key to coagulation e ciency, they have not been comprehensively discussed. A new type of coagulant, poly-silica-ferric-chloride (PFSC), was synthesized by co-polymerization and characterized by time complexation spectroscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. Compared with traditional ferric salt, the results indicated that PFSC had a higher molecular weight, lesser positive charge, lower Feb and higher Fec. The higher the Si/Fe ratio, the higher the silica and lower the silicac found. The PFSC with appropriate polysilica acid not only obtained better coagulation/flocculation e ciency in turbidity removal, enhanced the flocculation index (FI) and provided less residual ferric, it also lowered water treatment costs compared to traditional ferric salt. Results showed that PFSC could remove colloid particles in water by charge neutralization and sweeping, adsorption bridging mechanism.     

硅酸聚合过程中粘度变化的研究

在制备聚硅酸盐类混凝剂的过程中,聚硅酸的粘度是影响聚硅酸盐类混凝剂混凝效能的重要因素。以水玻璃为原料,硫酸、盐酸为酸化剂,采用酸性条件下制备聚硅酸的方法,研究pH值、二氧化硅浓度、温度、不同酸化剂等因素对硅酸聚合过程中粘度变化的影响,结果表明：粘度达到0.006 Pa.S前变化缓慢,粘度达到0.009 Pa.S后变化迅速,0.020 Pa.S以后在极短的时间内粘度急剧增大而胶凝;通过混凝搅拌实验确定制备聚硅酸铝混凝剂时聚硅酸粘度的最佳值,以此最佳值作为控制聚硅酸最佳聚合程度的指标。     

Speciation characterization and coagulation of poly-silica-ferric-chloride: The role of hydrolyzed Fe(Ⅲ) and silica interaction

The highly efficient inorganic polymer flocculants (IPFs) of the ferric-silica system is a new and promising coagulant. Interactions between ferric species and silica play a large part in the coagulation of suspensions. These effects are quite distinct from those associated with polymeric or colloid silica. However, although these species are key to coagulation efficiency, they have not been comprehensively discussed. A new type of coagulant, poly-silica-ferric-chloride (PFSC), was synthesized by co-polymerization and characterized by time complexation spectroscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. Compared with traditional ferric salt, the results indicated that PFSC had a higher molecular weight, lesser positive charge, lower Feb and higher Fec. The higher the Si/Fe ratio, the higher the silica and lower the silicac found. The PFSC with appropriate polysilica acid not only obtained better coaguiation/fiocculation efficiency in turbidity removal, enhanced the flocculation index (FI) and provided less residual ferric, it also lowered water treatment costs compared to traditional ferric salt. Results showed that PFSC could remove colloid particles in water by charge neutralization and sweeping,adsorption bridging mechanism.     

胶原纤维基多孔碳纤维用于电化学产双氧水——酸处理对产双氧水性能的影响

为获得通过电化学的氧还原反应（ORR）高效原位生成双氧水（H₂O₂）的新型碳材料,基于一类天然生物质-皮胶原纤维为基础材料制备出多孔碳纤维材料（PCFs-x）.利用皮胶原纤维分子中的-COOH、-NH₂等官能团与铁盐之间的较强的络合作用来吸附铁离子,碳化后经酸浸获得PCFs-x材料.XRD、SEM、BET等手段对不同浓度硝酸浸取后所获得的PCFs-x进行系统的结构表征,测试其电子转移数,考察了其氧还原反应活性及电化学还原氧气产H₂O₂的性能.结果表明,胶原纤维经过上述制备流程后可获得有序结构的PCFs-x,其中浓度为1mol/L时获得的材料具有最好的产H₂O₂效果和电流效率,氧还原反应2.5h后H₂O₂累积浓度达到148.81mg/L,电流效率72.33%.实验结果为基于胶原纤维制备新型高效的原位电化学产双氧水的碳材料提供了理论基础与可借鉴的思路.     

Photo-degradation of Acid-red 3B dye catalyzed by TiO2 nanotubes

Introduction A s one kind of novel functional m aterial, TiO 2 nanotube has been found potential applications in solar cell (B arbe et al., 1997), sem iconductor device (V inodgopal et al., 1993) and catalyst supports (Idakiev et al., 2005) etc. Since K a…     

Ca-Al-LDH对富里酸吸附性能的研究

采用乙醇辅助液相共沉淀法制备Ca-Al-LDH(层状双金属氢氧化物),运用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和傅里叶变化红外光谱仪(FA-RT)对吸附前后的Ca-Al-LDH样品进行表征,并研究了Ca-Al-LDH对富里酸的吸附性能及其影响因素。结果表明:Ca-Al-LDH对富里酸吸附容量随p H的变化呈先增加后递减趋势,在p H为4时吸附容量达35.5 mg/g;吸附过程在24 h达到平衡;添加电解质Na NO3可抑制富里酸的吸附作用;吸附过程符合Langmuir模型,且吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学方程。     

纳米酸性水钠锰矿去除亚甲基蓝的研究

酸性水钠锰矿是普遍存在于土壤与海洋、湖泊及河流沉积物中的一种氧化锰矿物,因其颗粒细小、比表面积大、负电荷量高、表面活性强,影响和决定着污染物的行为和归趋。采用回流法制备纳米酸性水钠锰矿,运用X射线衍射(XRD)与Rietveld粉末衍射峰形全谱拟合技术表征其晶体结构,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜表征(TEM)观察其晶体形貌。研究纳米酸性水钠锰矿对亚甲基蓝(Methylene Blue,MB)的去除作用,并讨论影响因素(p H值、矿物浓度、染料浓度和温度)对MB去除的影响。研究结果表明,降低反应p H值、升高锰氧化物浓度、降低染料浓度及升高反应温度都可以促进MB的去除。     

Efficient dechlorination of chlorinated solvent pollutants under UV irradiation by using the synthesized TiO2 nano-sheets in aqueous phase

Titanium dioxide(TiO2), which is the widely used photo-catalyst, has been synthesized by simple hydrothermal solution containing tetrabutyl titanate and hydrofluoric acid. The synthesized product has been applied to photo-degradation in aqueous phase of chlorinated solvents, namely tetrachloroethene(PCE), trichloroethene(TCE) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane(TCA). The photo-degradation results revealed that the degradation of these harmful chemicals was better in UV/synthesized TiO2 system compared to UV/commercial P25 system and UV only system. The photo-catalytic efficiency of the synthesized TiO2 was 1.4, 1.8 and 3.0 folds higher compared to the commercial P25 for TCA, TCE and PCE degradation, respectively. Moreover, using nitrobenzene(NB) as a probe of hydroxyl radical(.OH), the degradation rate was better over UV/synthesized TiO2, suggesting the high concentration of.OH generated in UV/synthesized TiO2system. In addition,.OH concentration was confirmed by the strong peak displayed in EPR analysis over UV/synthesized TiO2system. The characterization result using XRD and TEM showed that the synthesized TiO2 was in anatase form and consisted of well-defined sheet-shaped structures having a rectangular outline with a thickness of 4 nm, side length of 50 nm and width of 33 nm and a surface 90.3 m2/g. XPS analysis revealed that ≡Ti-F bond was formed on the surface of the synthesized TiO2. The above results on both photocatalytic activity and the surface analysis demonstrated the good applicability of the synthesized TiO2 nano-sheets for the remediation of chlorinated solvent contaminated groundwater.     

咸宁市区酸雨状况及其成因分析

采用2006-2010年咸宁市区降水监测数据,对咸宁市酸雨现状及形成原因进行了全面系统的分析。分析结果表明,咸宁市酸雨由硫酸和硝酸混合型向硫酸型过渡,且外来污染源的输入是造成咸宁市酸雨污染的主要原因。