Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Lymphocystis Disease Virus Genotype VII by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

Lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) infections have been described in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) and Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup), two of the most important marine fish species in the Mediterranean aquaculture. In this study, a rapid, specific, and sensitive detection method for LCDV genotype VII based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was developed. The LAMP assay, performed using an apparatus with real-time amplification monitoring, was able to specifically detect LCDV genotype VII from clinically positive samples in less than 12 min. In addition, the assay allowed the detection of LCDV in all asymptomatic carrier fish analysed, identified by qPCR, showing an analytical sensitivity of ten copies of viral DNA per reaction. The LCDV LAMP assay has proven to be a promising diagnostic method that can be used easily in fish farms to detect the presence and spread of this iridovirus.     

Norovirus Detection at Oualidia Lagoon,a Moroccan Shellfish Harvesting Area,by Reverse Transcription PCR Analysis

Norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in the world. These outbreaks are frequently associated with bivalve shellfish consumption, particularly because these products are often eaten raw or only slightly cooked. In Morocco, regulations concerning the acceptable levels of enteric bacteria indicator organisms in these products have been put in place. However, these regulations do not take into account the risk of viral contamination, and many gastroenteritis outbreaks have been linked to the ingestion of bivalve shellfish from areas that comply with the current food safety criteria. The aim of this study was to investigate NoV presence in shellfish samples (n = 104) collected at four sites owcff Oualidia lagoon (Moroccan Atlantic coast) from November 2015 to February 2017. Samples were analysed using real-time RT-PCR in accordance with the ISO 15216-2 method. NoVs of the genogroup II were detected in 7% of samples that were all collected during the winter months. Moreover, 71% of NoV-positive samples were harvested at sites upstream of the lagoon. These results highlight the need of regularly monitoring viral contamination in bivalve shellfish to limit the risk of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks.

     

The presence of Genogroup II Norovirus in Retail Shellfish from Seven Coastal Cities in China

Noroviruses (NoVs) are commonly occurring pathogens that cause gastroenteritis. Outbreaks of viral diseases have often been ascribed to the consumption of contaminated shellfish. Our objective was to evaluate the presence and contamination levels of NoV in shellfish sold at seafood markets in China. We tested 840 shellfish samples (Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus edulis, Azumapecten farreri, SinoNoVacula constricta, Scapharca subcrenata, Ruditapes philippinarum) that were collected from seven cities around the Yellow and Bohai Seas in China between December 2009 and November 2011. We used real-time RT-PCR to detect NoV in purified concentrates from the stomach and digestive diverticula of these shellfish. NoV was detected in 19.35 % (N = 155), 16.67 % (N = 114), 5.70 % (N = 158), 8.82 % (N = 136), 13.74 % (N = 131), and 16.44 % (N = 146) of oyster, mussel, scallop, razor clam, ark shell, and clam samples, respectively. The average detection rate was 13.33 % (112/840). Nucleotide sequencing of the NoV RT-PCR products demonstrated that all strains belonged to NoV genotype GII.12, except two that belonged to GI.3. More than 10² copies of the NoV genome were detected in 69 of 112 positive shellfish samples. Our results suggest that ~13 % of shellfish harbor NoV, and GII.12 NoV is the primary strain in shellfish purchased at markets in seven coastal cities in China.     

Pyrosequencing Analysis of Norovirus Genogroup II Distribution in Sewage and Oysters: First Detection of GII.17 Kawasaki 2014 in Oysters

Norovirus GII.3, GII.4, and GII.17 were detected using pyrosequencing in sewage and oysters in January and February 2015, in Japan. The strains in sewage and oyster samples were genetically identical or similar, predominant strains belonging to GII.17 Kawasaki 2014 lineage. This is the first report of GII.17 Kawasaki 2014 in oysters.     

FeY催化剂光助Fenton法降解亚甲基蓝染料废水

文章以NaY分子筛为载体,通过离子交换法制备FeY催化剂,并对其在非均相光-Fenton体系中催化降解亚甲基蓝染料废水进行了研究,考察其催化降解性能、重复性和再生性。结果表明,在反应温度为25℃、FeY催化剂投加量为1 g/L、H2O2浓度为4 mmol/L、pH为4、UV光照射60 min时,非均相体系对染料废水的脱色率和COD去除率分别达到97%和84%。通过比较发现,相对于黑暗条件,太阳光和UV光都能显著提高降解效率,并且两种光源效果相当。FeY催化剂比均相催化剂具有更高的催化活性,并且脱附率低,重复性较好,经500℃焙烧2 h的再生催化剂对染料废水的脱色率和COD去除率均可达原来的90%以上。     

非均相UV/Fenton光催化降解亚甲基蓝染料废水

通过单因素实验和正交实验考察了非均相UV/Fenton法降解亚甲基蓝染料废水的影响因素,并优化了反应条件.结果表明:在FeY催化剂投加量为0.2g/L,H2O2浓度为8 mmol/L,初始pH值为4,温度为25℃,反应时间为60 min的最佳条件下,脱色率和CODCr去除率分别达到98.79%和90.15%,ρ(BOD5)/ρ(CODCr)从0.05提高至0.38.重复和再生实验表明,FeY催化剂稳定性较好,经500℃焙烧2 h可以实现催化剂的再生.     

The Influence of Temperature on Norovirus Inactivation by Monochloramine in Potable Waters: Testing with Murine Norovirus as a Surrogate for Human Norovirus

Human noroviral infections are generally more common during winters in temperate regions. This study used a murine norovirus (MNV) as a human norovirus surrogate to test the effect of water temperature (4 and 25°C) on virus survival and its susceptibility to the levels of monochloramine (~1.89 ppm) to terminally disinfect municipally treated potable waters. The titre of MNV remained essentially unchanged for at least 24 h in raw river water at both temperatures. The virus became undetectable in <2 h in monochloramine-containing samples held at 25°C, but its titre remained virtually unaltered at 4°C (P < 0.05) under the same conditions. These findings strongly suggest that water temperature can influence the norovirucidal activity of monochloramine and its possible impact on the seasonality of outbreaks of noroviral infections.     

光催化/内电解协同处理分散蓝E-4R的研究

建立了微波无极紫外光催化氧化/内电解协同处理印染废水的新工艺。采用微波无极紫外光,以活性炭为光催化剂TiO2的载体,与外加铁屑构成内电解反应,处理分散蓝E-4R模拟废水。研究结果表明:协同工艺中主要是通过内电解过程产生的Fe3+捕获光电子来提高光催化作用的效率,而通过Fe2+催化H2O2形成光Fenton反应生成.OH的效应则较小。在曝气量为0.5 L/min、pH为5、铁屑投加量为40 g、染料初始浓度为50 mg/L时,分散蓝E-4R的脱色率和COD去除率分别达到99.56%、68.45%。     

Detection of Norovirus and Hepatitis A Virus in Strawberry and Green Leafy Vegetables by Using RT-qPCR in Egypt

Food and Environmental Virology - There is an upward trend of consumption of organic fresh vegetables due to consumer demand for healthy foods without chemical additives. On the other hand, the...     

磁性膨润土材料吸附处理印染废水研究

针对目前膨润土在应用中的一些问题,对膨润土进行磁性能改性,通过共沉淀法制备磁性膨润土颗粒,并对其进行了X射线衍射和磁性能表征分析.以阴离子染料OrangeⅡ为目标化合物,研究了磁性膨润土材料对OrangeⅡ废水的吸附效果,并探讨了主要工艺参数如阳离子表面活性剂的质量浓度、pH、温度等对染料去除率的影响.结果表明:阳离子...     

改性膨润土吸附-催化氧化处理染料废水

研究了几种不同阳离子交换容量(CEC)的羟基铁柱撑膨润土吸附处理含亚甲基蓝染料的废水并利用铁的催化性能将污染物催化氧化,实现吸附剂再生。催化氧化过程中加入H2O2并利用超声波强化污染物降解。考察了H2O2用量、铁离子含量等因素对羟基铁柱撑膨润土再生效率的影响。结果表明在H2O2浓度为0.5mol/L、pH值为3.5、超声波功率90W的条件下超声3h,60%CEC羟基铁柱撑膨润土的回收率可达近80%,并且50%和60%CEC的羟基铁柱撑膨润土再生6次后对亚甲基蓝的吸附率仍保持在90%左右,证明其具有良好的重复利用性,并初步探讨了羟基铁柱撑膨润土的再生机理。     

Effect of Co(Ⅱ) dopant on the removal of Methylene Blue by a dense copper terephthalate

In this research, for the first time, a series of Co(Ⅱ) doped copper terephthalate(Co X-Cu BDC,where X is doping percentage) were successfully synthesized via solvothermal method and were tested for dye removal application. The physical properties of Co X-CuBDC were studied by several techniques including X-ray diffraction(XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET) surface area analysis. The incorporation of Co(Ⅱ) dopant leads to isomorphic substitution of Cu(II) in the CuBDC framework with the maximum doping percentage of 22. Doping and parent MOFs which are non-porous were used for removal of Methylene Blue(MB) from aqueous solution. Adsorption capacity of Co22-CuBDC and CuBDC are 52 and 58 mg/g, respectively, both of which are higher than the adsorption capacity recorded from several high porosity MOFs. Adsorption kinetic studies indicate that adsorption process follows pseudo-second order model while the adsorption mechanism is dominated by electrostatic attraction. Overall, even though these materials show non-porous characteristic,it can be used effectively in wastewater treatment application.     

活性炭负载纳米TiO_2电催化氧化处理染料废水

用溶胶凝胶—动态吸附法制备颗粒活性炭(GAC)负载纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)催化剂,以甲基橙的脱色率为考察指标,研究TiO2/GAC电催化反应体系对甲基橙染料废水的电催化氧化性能。实验结果表明,在甲基橙废水pH为4,TiO2/GAC催化剂用量为0.5g,Fe2+浓度为250mg/L,电解电压为16V时,电催化氧化30min的条件下,甲基橙脱色率达99.2%,COD去除率达93.1%。     

Photoelectrochemical degradation of Methylene Blue with -PbO2 electrodes driven by visible light irradiation

-PbO2 electrodes were prepared by electro-deposition and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and linear sweep voltammetry. We confirmed pure -PbO2 crystals were on the electrode and it had a high oxygen evolution potential. The photoactivity and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of the -PbO2 electrode were investigated under visible light irradiation ( > 420 nm) for the decolorization of Methylene Blue. Pseudo first-order kinetics parameter (Kapp) for dye decolorization using the -PbO2 electrode achieved 6.71×10?4 min?1 under visible light irradiation, which indicated its excellent visible light-induced photoactivity. The Kapp of the PEC process was as much as 1.41×10?3 min?1 and was 1.71 times that of visible light irradiation or electrolysis even in the presence of the -PbO2 electrode. A significant synergetic effect was observed in the PEC system. We also employed TiO2 modified -PbO2 electrodes in this test, which revealed that the TiO2 immobilized on the -PbO2 electrode inhibited the visible light-induced PEC efficiency despite the amount of TiO2 used for electrode preparation. The -PbO2 electrode was also superior to the dimensionally stable anode (Ti/Ru0:3Ti0:7O2) in visible light-induced photoactivity and PEC efficiency.     

流动注射化学发光测定大气环境中的肼

在 0 .0 5 mol/ L的碱性条件下 ,NBS(N-溴代丁二酰亚胺 )在荧光素的增敏作用下氧化硫酸肼 ,产生化学发光。基于此 ,本文详细研究了其反应的特性和影响因素 ,在优化的实验条件下硫酸肼的测定范围为 0～ 1.0× 10 - 5g/ ml,检出限为 3.0× 10 - 8g/ ml,对 5 .0× 10 - 8g/ ml硫酸肼进行 11次平行测定 ,其 RSD为 2 .7%。本法用于大气环境中肼的分析 ,并与常规的方法进行对照 ,结果令人满意     

载铁沸石催化H2O2降解阳离子红X-GRL染料废水

以天然沸石为载体,FeSO₄·7H₂O溶液为浸渍液,采用浸渍蒸干法制备载铁沸石非均相类Fenton反应催化剂,并用其催化H₂O₂降解阳离子红X-GRL染料废水。结果表明,浸渍液浓度为0.18 mg/L、煅烧温度为300 ℃时制备的催化剂铁含量较高、催化效果和稳定性较好。当反应时间为120 min、溶液pH为3.0、催化剂投加量为20.0 g/L、H₂O₂投加量为30.0 mmol/L时,催化降解效果最佳,对染料废水TOC、色度、COD_Cr和TN的去除率分别为60.3%、99.4%、55.5%和49.9%;载铁沸石催化剂重复使用3次后,仍具有一定的催化效果。