阿尔泰山湿地生态系统服务功益与可持续利用

阿尔泰山湿地是新疆干旱区最大的山区湿地生态系统之一,在对该湿地进行实地考察、遥感分析、实验室分析的基础上,认为该湿地具有提供水源、调蓄洪水、调节局部气候、维持生物多样性、净化水质、提供体闲旅游、文化科研教育等多种生态系统服务功益。鉴于目前对阿尔泰山湿地生态系统服务功益的片面理解和不合理利用问题,对湿地生态系统服务功益的可持续利用现状进行了分析,提出了湿地生态系统服务功益可持续利用的科学对策。     

西藏湿地的现状和保护

本研究对西藏全区湿地的概况、类型、现状、重要湿地和现有湿地保护区进行系统描述，提出了湿地保护方面存在的问题与对策；并对西藏湿地标准、功能、特点、类型等，进行了科学的论证。     

青海省湿地类型保护区现状与发展对策

文章从青海高原湿地资源现状和湿地类型自然保护区发展的角度，分析目前高原湿地保护中存在的问题，提出了今后青海湿地类型保护区发展对策。     

新疆市政排水区湿地的形成与应用研究

分析了新疆城市与园区排水区下游市政排水湿地的成因,结合湿地的概念,划分出不同类型。结合湿地在新疆的应用实例,说明市政排水区湿地区生态演替特征,并提出了与湿地应用有关的管理与配套措施。     

浅谈南大港农场滨海湿地保护对策

湿地与生长、栖息的生物种群构成了独特的生态系统。本文对南大港农场滨海湿地的建立和发展做了简要介绍，并针对目前湿地保护面临的突出问题，提出了湿地的保护措施。     

油气管道穿越西北干旱区湿地的环境保护

加强对西北干旱区湿地的保护,对整个地区的环境改善具有重要的意义。通过对西北油气产业发展的前景和当地湿地的特点与现状进行了分析,提出油气管网穿越湿地时应采取的环境保护措施、生态恢复方法。提出了湿地穿越工程应遵循的基本环境保护原则和相关建议。     

湿润区与干旱区典型湖泊湿地对比案例研究

选取东部湿润区与西北干早区典型湖泊湿地--洞庭湖湿地与艾比湖湿地,对其湿地资源特征、湿地生态服务功能及价值、湿地退化的表征和退化湿地生态恢复对策等方面进行了比较研究.通过研究发现,湿润区湖泊湿地资源禀赋优于干早区湖泊湿地,湿润区湖泊湿地与干旱区湖泊湿地均具有较强的生态服务功能和较高的价值,在湿地退化表征方面有共性也有差异,针对不同气候区域的退化湖泊湿地应采取不同的恢复对策.     

文化自信视域下黑龙江省湿地旅游发展研究CSSCI

文化自信为旅游业发展提供了价值导向和精神动力。黑龙江省湿地资源丰富,孕育了独特的生态文化和生态文明。以高纬度寒冷湿地为依托,黑龙江省湿地旅游在宣传力度、联合发展、产品升级、综合效益等方面取得了很大进展,但也存在着产品单一、文化内涵挖掘不足、破坏环境、旅游适游期短等问题。因此,以历史文化、少数民族民俗文化、北大荒文化、饮食文化、候鸟文化、乡愁文化为线索,以"一带、两湖、三网、两边"为总体构架,以文化自信为底气和底蕴,以特色文化助推黑龙江省湿地旅游发展,在传播湿地文化、讲述湿地故事、建设湿地形象中,展现黑龙江省湿地旅游独有的诗情和意境。     

东洞庭湖湿地生态旅游开发与持续利用研究

东洞庭湖湿地是我国长江中下游地区三大湿地资源集中地之一，在其特殊的地理环境、自然条件和人类活动的长期共同作用下，形成了独特的湿地生态旅游资源景观。文章分析了东洞庭湖湿地旅游资源的特征，提出了不同类型湿地生态旅游的开发模式，并在此基础上，提出了持续开发湿地旅游资源的对策建议，以期为全面开发湿地的社会、经济和生态综合效应，实现湿地生态旅游资源的持续利用，提供决策参考。     

新疆艾比湖湿地开发及环境效益分析

以新疆典型湖泊湿地艾比湖为主要研究区,并与东部洪泽湖、中部鄱阳湖和西部青海湖在生态系统服务功能、生态经济价值等方面进行了比较。由于气候、资源特点不同,各个湖泊湿地的开发方式和开发力度不同,使湖泊湿地的环境效益不同,产生了一系列生态环境问题,由此提出了湖泊湿地的开发利用建议。     

Wetland cultivation and hydrological management in eastern Africa: Matching community and hydrological needs through sustainable wetland use

Wetlands are critical natural resources in developing countries where they perform a range of environmental functions and provide numerous socio-economic benefits to local communities and a wider population. In recent years, however, many wetlands throughout eastern Africa have come under extreme pressure as government policies, socio-economic change and population pressure have stimulated a need for more agriculturally productive land. Although wetland drainage and cultivation can make a key contribution to food and livelihood security in the short term, in the long term there are concerns over the sustainability of this utilization and the maintenance of wetland benefits. This article draws upon recent research carried out in western Ethiopia, which addressed the sustainability of wetland agriculture in an area of increasing food insecurity and population pressure. It discusses the impacts of drainage and cultivation on wetland hydrology and draws attention to local wetland management strategies, particularly those characterized by multiple use of wetlands, where agriculture exists alongside other wetland uses. The article suggests that where multiple wetland uses exist, a range of benefits can be sustained with little evidence of environmental degradation. Ways of promoting and empowering such sustainable wetland management systems are discussed in the context of the wider need for water security throughout the region.     

Wetland loss and substitution by the Section 404 permit program in southern California,USA

To test the effectiveness of the 404 permit program in preventing a net loss of wetland resources, 75 Section 404 projects permitted in the years 1987–1989 and located in a portion of southern California were evaluated. From this group of projects, 80.47 ha of wetlands were affected by Section 404 permits and the Army Corps of Engineers required 111.62 ha of wetland mitigation. To verify the successful completion of each mitigation project, all 75 project sites were visited and evaluated based on the amount of dead vegetation, growth and coverage, and the number of invasive species. Based on the field verification results, the actual amount of completed mitigation area was 77.33 ha, resulting in a net loss of 3.14 ha of wetland resources in the years 1987–1989. By comparing the types of wetlands lost to the types of wetlands mitigated, it is apparent that, in particular, freshwater wetlands are experiencing a disproportionately greater loss of area and that riparian woodland wetlands are most often used in mitigation efforts. The net result of these accumulated actions is an overall substitution of wetland types throughout the region. Results also indicate that, typically, large-scale mitigation projects are more successful compared to smaller projects and that successful compliance efforts are not evenly distributed throughout the region. We recommend that better monitoring, mitigation in-kind, mitigation banking, and planning on a regional or watershed scale could greatly improve the effectiveness of the Section 404 permitting program.     

黑河流域湿地保护现状及对策建议

黑河是我国第二大内陆河,流域内湖泊、沼泽遍布,湿地资源丰富。多年来人们对黑河环境的重要性认识不足,导致植被退化、水位下降、土地盐渍化,影响湿地资源的永续利用,制约当地经济社会可持续发展。鉴于此,建立了黑河湿地国家级自然保护区,实施湿地保护与恢复和污染治理工程,增强退耕还林(草)、退地还湿、防沙治沙力度,探索和运用生态补偿机制。     

WETLAND ECOSYSTEM STUDIES FROM A HYDROLOGIC PERSPECTIVE1

ABSTRACT: Selected studies from the literature were reviewed to determine the extent of knowledge about the relationship between hydrology and wetland ecosystem studies. Wetland studies of chemical input-output relationships have been the most dependent on hydrologic data of all wetland investigations; yet, very few of these studies have attempted to measure all components of a wetland's water balance. Usually, unmeasured components were calculated as the difference between measured inputs and outputs. Ground water frequently was overlooked. Chemical input-output investigations primarily were concerned with determining the amount of input retained in the wetlands. Few studies also included direct measurement of biogeochemical processes within wetlands of elements that were part of simultaneous input-output investigations. The importance of uncertainties in chemical budgets that are due to uncertainties in hydrologic budgets has been addressed in very few wetland investigations. Although many studies have emphasized the importance of hydrology to wetland ecosystem research, few studies have documented this, so that hydrology remains one of the least understood components of wetland ecosystems.     

Freshwater Wetland dynamics in South Kingstown,Rhode Island, 1939–1972

The extent and causes of changes in the fresh-water wetlands of South Kingstown, Rhode Island were determined through field work and through the analysis of panchromatic aerial photographs taken in 1939 and 1972. During this period, there was a net loss of 0.9 percent of the total area (2345.2 ha) of wetland present in 1939. Highway construction and residential development accounted for most of this loss. Approximately 17 percent of the wetland present in 1939 had changed sufficiently by 1972 to warrant reclassification. Plant succession alone accounted for 57 percent of the changes in wetland types, while man's activities were influential in 41 percent of the cases. Ninety-two percent of the natural changes in wetland types was progressive, while 58 percent of the changes induced by man and undetermined causes was retrogressive. Man's major role was to alter the water regimes and vegetation of wetlands. There was a decrease in wetland diversity as the most abundant type, wooded swamp, grew in area while the abundance of shallow marshes, meadows, and shrub swamps declined. A knowledge of wetland dynamics is essential in the management of wetlands for a diversity of wildlife and other natural values.     

人工湿地净化河道水质的研究进展

人工湿地是近年来国内外应用较多、发展较快的一种污水处理技术,本文从国内外人工湿地净化河水的技术应用出发,列举了人工湿地处理河水污染的效果和优势,并对湿地净化河水效率影响较大的湿地植物、填料、气候条件以及湿地构造4个因素进行了比较、分析和总结,最后对人工湿地净化河道水质进行了展望。     

辽宁沿海经济带滨海湿地资源的开发与保护研究

辽宁省拥有丰富多样的滨海湿地资源.随着辽宁沿海经济带升级为国家战略,滨海湿地资源将面临不同程度的开发影响.从辽宁滨海湿地资源禀赋与开发现状人手,分析了滨海湿地资源开发与保护中存在的主要问题,探讨了滨海湿地在沿海经济带开发中的重要功能与地位,并提出实现滨海湿地资源可持续开发利用的对策建议.     

艾比湖湿地生态效应能值评价

湿地是地球上具有多功能的独特生态系统,是自然界最富生物多样性的生态景观和人类最重要的生存环境之一。内陆干旱区的湿地则因其所处地理环境的特殊性更具有巨大保护价值。艾比湖湿地在我国内陆荒漠自然生态系统中具有一定典型性。其生态系统极不稳定,具有很强的敏感性和脆弱性。人类社会经济的迅猛发展,引起一系列以土地荒漠化为代表的生态逆向演替,严重的水土流失和锐减的生物多样性使其不可更新资源的能值投入远远超过其可更新资源,同时,肆虐的盐尘严重危害着天山北坡经济带甚至更远地区工、农、牧业生产和人们的生活环境。从能值角度评价环境的贡献,注重其生态效应,以期引起人们警醒,加强湿地资源的保护和管理,维护其可持续发展。     

Use of created cattail (Typha) wetlands in mitigation strategies

In order to balance pressures for land-use development with protection of wetland resources, artificial wetlands have been constructed in an effort to replace lost ecosystems. Despite its regulatory appeal and prominent role in current mitigation strategies, it is unclear whether or not created systems actually compensate for lost wetland resources. Mitigation predictions that rely on artificial wetlands must be analyzed critically in terms of their efficacy. Destruction of wetlands due to burial by coal fly ash at a municipal landfill in Danvers, Massachusetts, USA, provided an opportunity to compare resulting growth of created cattail (Typha) marshes with natural wetland areas. Once the appropriate cattail species was identified for growth under disturbed landfill conditions, two types of artificial wetlands were constructed. The two systems differed in their hydrologic attributes: while one had a surface water flow characteristic of most cattail wetlands, the second system mimicked soil and water conditions found in naturally occurring floating cattail marshes. Comparison of plant growth measurements for two years from the artificial systems with published values for natural cattail marshes revealed similar structure and growth patterns. Experiments are now in progress to investigate the ability of created cattail marshes to remove and accumulate heavy metals from polluted landfill leachate. Research of the type reported here must be pursued aggressively in order to document the performance of artificial wetlands in terms of plant structure and wetland functions. Such research should allow us to start to evaluate whether artificial systems actually compensate for lost wetlands by performing similar functions and providing the concomitant public benefits.