一体式高浓度有机废水处理装置

该发明涉及一种一体式高浓度有机废水处理装置。该装置将好氧折流板反应器、集水沉淀池、好氧反应池或生物接触氧化池、沉淀池依次用垂直的折流板连通起来，其独特的分格式结构及推流式流态使得每个反应室中可以驯化培养出与流至该反应室中的污水水质、环境条件相适应的微生物群落，有利于充分发挥厌氧菌群的活性，提高系统的处理效果和运行的稳定性，面且简化了系统结构，减少了装置的占地面积，降低了系统的运行成本，节省了系统的能耗，并可防止冬季管道的冻裂。／CN1541956，2004—11—03     

莱昂德尔在欧洲开始生产生物燃料乙基叔丁基醚

据悉，莱昂德尔化学公司正在法国Fos-sur-Mer的装置生产汽车燃料组分乙基叔丁基醚(ETBE)。ETBE是一种高辛烷值的汽油组分，由生物乙醇(通过生物质制取)和异丁烯反应得到。作为一种氧化剂，ETBE可以很容易地与炼油厂生产的汽油调合成低排放的清洁燃料。     

天然沸石的吸附性能及改型处理

改型天然沸石耐热、耐酸性能好,对NO_X具有较高的吸附容量。用它代替合成丝光沸石,吸附、回收硝酸、硝化等生产过程中排放的NO_X,既有效又经济。     

水平移动式废塑料油化装置

日本ねくら开发的水平移动式废塑料油化装置 ,处理成本低 ,能回收优质燃料油。过去用槽式反应器反应存在热效率低、产生大量碳等问题。现采用水平移动式反应器 ,反应时只要控制好载有催化剂砂的水平床的移动速度 ,热分解温度和原料供应量三因素 ,就能按需要得到轻油、煤油、重油。水平移动式废塑料油化装置     

含氯废塑料的热裂化装置

该装置是将含氯废塑料加热使其发生热裂化反应 ,然后将产生的气体与熔融固体分离。含氯废塑料除去氯后 ,所得清洁的固体燃料可以利用。在反应筒内双轴叶片上和反应筒上部分别安装有双轴螺旋送料器和料斗投入口 ,用双轴螺旋送科器连续地从料斗投入口送入含氯废塑料 ,然后用反应筒外加热器加热 ,再将产生的气体与熔融固体分离。该装置氯化氢脱除率在 99.9% (质量分数 )以上 ,得到的固体燃料 (总发热量为 1万大卡 /g)可作锅炉燃料。此外 ,该装置与废聚乙烯塑料二段催化裂化装置一样 ,能得到高质量和高收率的液态润滑油。该装置具有处理流程简单…     

利用含氯尾气制水合肼

在生产含氯产品过程中,为保证产品质量及加快反应速率,往往通入过量的氯气,这样就形成了含氯尾气的排放,不仅增加了资源的消耗,还会造成严重的污染、中毒事故。衢化公司电化厂漂粉生产,排空尾气含氯有时高达10％,严重污染环境。后来用碱吸收氯后排放,大气污染虽消除了,但每年不仅要消耗270吨烧碱,并且排放3300吨/年碱性废水,污染水体。1975年投资77000元建成一套用漂粉含氯尾气生产3000吨/年3—4％水合肼的装置,产值达80万元/年,利润     

三氧化硫磺化工艺用于DSD酸生产

用三氧化硫磺化工艺替代发烟硫酸磺化工艺是可行的。在ＤＳＤ生产中，采用干燥空气稀释三充气相磺对化硝基甲苯具有反应易控制，副反应少，产品质量好，对设备防腐要求低，投资省等优点，彻底解决了老工艺的废酸问题。     

氰化钠生产中聚合废料的利用

对氰化钠生产中的聚合废料进行了吸附试验和氰化钠含量分析，试验结果表明，聚合废料中含有２８％左右的氰化钠，其中黑褐色杂质可用活性炭吸附脱除。生产规模试验证明，用聚合废料为原料生产的硫氰酸钠，产品质量可达到装置设计指标，满足腈纶装置的使用要求。     

多氯苯催化加氢脱氯

在微反应色谱和熔盐换热固定床反应装置上，用Ｐｔ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂进行多氯苯加氢脱氯反应的试验研究，考察了温度，液体空速，压力，氢料摩尔反应条件对多氯苯催化氢解脱氯的影响，结果表明，在适宜反应条件下，多氯苯脱氯率为５０％，氯苯和二氯苯收率在４０％以上。     

废旧纺织品用于空调隔音隔热材料研究

隔音隔热棉作为空调不可缺少的辅助部件,有多种材质,不同材质各有优缺点。废旧纺织品生产的无纺材料可以作为空调的隔音隔热材料,具有隔热性能好、成本低的优点。我国每年的空调产销量较大,用废旧纺织品生产的无纺材料需求量巨大。这不仅是废物再利用,而且节约了生产其他各类隔音棉所需要的石油等原材料,有利于环境保护,将能产生较大的经济效益。     

电石法聚氯乙烯生产行业的汞污染防治

结合我国电石法聚氯乙烯生产行业的发展现状,提出了采用低汞触媒替代高汞触媒以降低汞消耗、开发高效除汞器以提高脱汞效率、深度解吸废盐酸以解决汞转移问题、深度处理含汞废水以实现综合利用、优化工艺控制以降低汞触媒消耗、改善防护措施以减轻汞扩散等汞污染防治工作的要点。     

Two-stage Sequential Electrochemical Treatment of Nitrate Brine Wastes

Nitrates in concentrated brines can be electrochemically reduced in the cathodic chamber of a split-cell electrochemical reactor with formation of ammonium (and small amounts of nitrite). Fortunately, ammonium may be electrochemically oxidized to nitrogen gas in the anodic reaction chamber if a coupled sequential process is used. The presence of chloride in the brine waste is an important consideration in oxidative electrochemical processes, however, because it cycles through oxidized and reduced states at the electrode surfaces and in the bulk solution. Electrochemical oxidation converts chloride ions to “active chlorine” species with additional oxidizing capability (chlorine, hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite – essentially bleach), as well as to chlorates, depending on the reaction conditions. The production of these active species improves treatment performance in the ammonium oxidation phase since oxidation is no longer limited to the electrode surface. However, the process must be engineered to minimize loss of process efficiency due to parasitic side reactions (chloramines and chlorate). In this study, two-stage batch electrolysis was conducted using a three-electrode (copper anode, platinum-coated titanium cathode, silver/silver chloride reference) electrochemical cell, with the anodic and cathodic chambers separated by a Nafion 117 membrane. Treatment of nitrate and ammonium was tested with and without the presence of chloride in the waste. No significant difference was observed in cathodic nitrate reduction with chloride present or absent. However, the presence of chloride in the solution favored overall soluble nitrogen elimination upon oxidation. Increasing applied current increased production of undesirable byproducts (especially chlorate).     

氯化钡废液联产氢氧化钙和氯化钡

讨论了氯化钡废液联产氢氧化钙及高纯氯化钡的方法和主要影响因素。通过复盐共沉淀、热滤、结晶、精制纯化等工序,用氯化钡的蒸发残液制得了工业级的氢氧化钙和高纯度氯化钡,其纯度分别达95％和99．92％以上。采用有机溶剂析出法精制氯化钡,无需重结晶工序,是对传统工艺的一种改进。     

压裂返排液的超声强化臭氧氧化处理

采用超声强化臭氧氧化技术处理经絮凝、沉降脱固、过滤预处理的页岩气压裂返排液,通过实验室实验优化工艺参数,并在自行研制的超声强化臭氧氧化装置上进行了中试验证。实验结果表明,在反应时间为30min、废水pH为10、废水臭氧质量浓度为40 mg/L、超声波功率为200 W时,COD去除率可达55.2%,处理后水质可满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准的要求。中试试验结果表明,研制的臭氧超声氧化处理装置可形成臭氧氧化、超声空化、水力空化的协同作用,处理后出水COD为90 mg/L,具有一定的推广价值。     

Effects of calcium hydroxide and calcium chloride addition to bentonite in iron ore pelletization.

Pyrite ash is created as waste from the roasting of pyrite ores during the production of sulphuric acid. These processes generate great amounts of pyrite ash waste that is generally land filled. This creates serious environmental pollution due to the release of acids and toxic substances. Pyrite ash waste can be utilized in the iron production industry as a blast furnace feed to process this waste and prevent environmental pollution. The essential parameters affecting the pelletization process of pyrite ash were studied using bentonite as a binder. Experiments were then carried out using bentonite and a mixture of bentonite with calcium hydroxide and calcium chloride in order to make the bentonite more effective. The metallurgical properties of pyrite ash, bentonite, calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride, a mixture of these and sintered pellets were studied using X-ray analysis. The crushing strength tests were carried out to investigate the strength of pyrite ash waste pellets. The results of these analyses showed that pyrite ash can be agglomerated to pellets and used in the iron production industry as a blast furnace feed. The crushing strength of the pellets containing calcium hydroxide and calcium chloride in addition to bentonite was better than the strength of pellets prepared using only bentonite binder.     

次氯酸钙法处理发泡剂生产废水

采用废漂白液(次氯酸钙)处理发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺生产废水。废水pH为8～9时,加入质量分数3％～5％的漂白液和1‰PAM絮凝剂,反应2h,沉淀澄清。实验室试验中COD去除率为88％,工业处理试验中COD平均由626mg／L降为105mg／L,去除率为83．2％。该法工艺简单,以废治废,费用低,处理效果好。     

氟化工“三废”的资源化利用

结合我国氟化工行业发展现状,分析了含氟"三废"产生情况及处置方法的最新研究进展,并通过实际工程案例进行论述。氟化工生产过程污染物主要有含氟废气及副产氯化氢、含氟高沸物及含氟污泥等。通过将氯化氢用于工业清洗及制备氯化钙、氯化铝等化学品能够合理消耗副产盐酸。焚烧处理含氟有机废气产生的氟化氢气体经水洗后副产氢氟酸。含氟高沸物通过精馏分离出高沸物组分生产高附加值产品。含氟污泥可制成建筑材料,最优工业化利用途径仍在积极研究中。     

Comparative analysis for the production of fatty acid alkyl esterase using whole cell biocatalyst and purified enzyme from Rhizopus oryzae on waste cooking oil (sunflower oil)

The petroleum fuel is nearing the line of extinction. Recent research and technology have provided promising outcomes to rely on biodiesel as the alternative and conventional source of fuel. The use of renewable source - vegetable oil constitutes the main stream of research. In this preliminary study, Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) was used as the substrate for biodiesel production. Lipase enzyme producing fungi Rhizopus oryzae 262 and commercially available pure lipase enzyme were used for comparative study in the production of Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters (FAAE). The whole cell (RO 262) and pure lipase enzyme (PE) were immobilized using calcium alginate beads. Calcium alginate was prepared by optimizing with different molar ratios of calcium chloride and different per cent sodium alginate. Entrapment immobilization was done for whole cell biocatalyst (WCB). PE was also immobilized by entrapment for the transesterification reaction. Seven different solvents - methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, iso-propanol, iso-butanol and iso-amyl alcohol were used as the acyl acceptors. The reaction parameters like temperature (30°C), molar ratio (1:3 - oil:solvent), reaction time (24 h), and amount of enzyme (10% mass ratio to oil) were also optimized for methanol alone. The same parameters were adopted for the other acyl acceptors too. Among the different acyl acceptors - methanol, whose reaction parameters were optimized showed maximum conversion of triglycerides to FAAE-94% with PE and 84% with WCB. On the whole, PE showed better catalytic converting ability with all the acyl acceptor compared to WCB. Gas chromatography analysis (GC) was done to determine the fatty acid composition of WCO (sunflower oil) and FAAE production with different acyl acceptors.     

Vinyl 2010 — nearing the target date

For almost 10 years, Vinyl 2010 has provided original approaches to technical, environmental, and political problems relating to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) material cycles and waste management. On the one hand, PVC has outstanding qualities in a wide range of applications; on the other hand, concerns about potential impacts attributed to production, additives, and waste management led to calls for PVC-specific regulations and mandatory substitution in certain applications. Considering the entire life cycle of PVC products, the industry proposed a comprehensive set of measures rendering production cleaner, eliminating controversial additives, and promoting responsible management of waste, favoring recycling. Vinyl 2010 can now be regarded as a highly successful example of applying voluntary commitments instead of the more usual command and control approach from regulatory authorities.     

钼酸铵的清洁生产工艺

以酸-盐预处理-离子交换组合工艺替代传统工艺,提出了氧化钼、氨生产钼酸铵清洁生产工艺.该工艺采用液、渣双循环代替液单循环,以电锅炉替换燃煤锅炉.含氨废气采用酸性生产废水吸收,产生的高浓度含氨废液进行汽提处理,分离出的氨回用于生产,废液和含氨废气处理后均达标排放,基本实现了钼酸铵的清洁生产.采用该清洁生产工艺生产钼酸铵,...