共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Dennis E. Morrison 《Natural resources forum》1993,17(2):143-150
Transparency requires many buyers and sellers with transactions executed at arms length in an open environment. The paper highlights the influence on transparency of the ownership and production structure; price formation; and the nature of the product. The world aluminium industry is analysed in light of the above in view of the emergence of terminal markets for aluminium. The disjuncture between the interests of physical traders and those speculating futures contracts is analysed in terms of the latter's effect on investment. Finally, the benefits and difficulties associated with terminal markets are explored, trends in the aluminium industry reviewed, and a framework within which to cope with aluminium as a commodity is proposed. 相似文献
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Kyla Tienhaara 《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2020,22(1):112-124
ABSTRACTThe conventional view of transparency is that it is a critical tool to combat corruption and ensure the democratic accountability of government. This article argues that the negotiation of mega-regional trade agreements (RTAs) and their content indicates the need distinguish different types of transparency. Trade activists that call for drafts of the text of a mega-RTA to be released while negotiations are ongoing are seeking deliberative transparency, which provides opportunities for meaningful public participation and consultation. The trade advisory systems that could provide opportunities for deliberation instead deliver technocratic transparency; the rationale is to increase the effectiveness of mega-RTAs rather than their democratic legitimacy. Frequent leaks of draft chapters of mega-RTAs provide opportunities for deliberation, but some actors involved in leaking are engaged in disruptive transparency where the aim is to complicate trade negotiations, making a final deal less likely. While these varieties of transparency emerge in the context of the negotiating process, disciplinary transparency – which often becomes a regulatory tool for multinational corporations to influence policy-making – is found in the text of mega-RTAs. Certain forms of transparency increase the likelihood that mega-RTAs will be compatible with strong environmental policy, while others may have a detrimental impact. 相似文献
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Angel Hsu Amy Weinfurter Jeffrey Tong Yihao Xie 《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2020,22(1):138-153
ABSTRACTInformation communication technologies (ICTs) generate new forums for transparency via governance-by-disclosure initiatives designed to improve environmental management and policy. Data generated by these programs are a means to empower citizens, narrowing the accountability gap between governments and people and enhancing public service. There is little empirical evidence, however, that supports the theory that citizen-generated data can be used to improve the accountability of local government officials. Citizen-led transparency efforts are emerging in China, as the country undergoes an information revolution that has brought ICTs to near ubiquity. We evaluate the transformative potential of a new ICT initiative, the ‘Black and Smelly Waters’ program, which China’s government launched to help enforce local government water remediation efforts. Many examples of citizen-generated transparency are grassroots initiatives, yet the Black and Smelly Waters program is distinct in its top-down structure. An empirical evaluation of preliminary data illuminates Black and Smelly Waters’s early successes and challenges as a means to generate transparency and accountability. We discuss these findings and propose a broad application of this new type of disclosure to reshape environmental management in China. 相似文献
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会计信息系统电算化为单位带来效益的同时,也带来了与信息系统的安全性、可靠性相关的风险.因此,对系统实施严格的内部控制十分必要.电算化会计信息系统内部控制分为一般控制和应用控制.一般控制着重于系统的安全控制,应用控制着重于具体设计的过程控制.随着电子技术的飞速发展和电算化会计信息系统普及运用,内控制度中的难题不断出现,需要我们对其更加深入研究. 相似文献
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在科技成果日益商品化的形势下,必须考虑科研的有效产出,同时降低科研经费的成本,尽可能做到投入小于产出;本文结合我所多年的实践,从科技运行机制和会计制度的应用和基本理论,技能和方法,在实践的基础上,进行归纳总结,提出一些观点,以适应科研工作和会计核算和需要,促进科研供给制向着经营型转化进行探索。 相似文献
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刘会建 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2012,(5):14-16
环境监测站质量管理体系内部审核是监测站自我发现问题、分析问题、解决问题,实现质量管理体系持续改进的重要环节。通过总结当前环境监测站内审时在审核策划、实施审核、结果评价及跟踪验证等4个阶段的注意事项,提出了全面细致策划、严格实施审核、客观公正评价、深入实地验证等提高内部审核质量的对策和建议。 相似文献
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发展我国环保产业的内在机制分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过环保产业发展的产业组织、驱动因素分析和运作方法探讨,指出政府是我国环保产业现阶段发展的主体,政府经营、企业实施是地方环保产业现阶段有效的发展模式,给出了具体的政企联合运作方法。 相似文献
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地下建筑具有重要的民用价值和军事用途,但其内部环境中的天然辐射可能危害人体健康。用多功能辐射测量仪对不同类型的地下建筑进行监测后,经分析发现:地下建筑内部环境中的天然辐射强度总体低于室外地面和地上层室内,这种规律与以往研究结果有所不同;在人员年工作时间正常的情况下,地下建筑内部环境中的天然辐射剂量不超过标准限值1mSv/a,对身体健康无损伤效应,可进行工作和军事活动;但在工作时间足够长的情况下,辐射剂量会超过标准限值1mSv/a,存在年有效剂量超标风险,可能对人体造成损伤,需要在开展工作和军事活动过程中采取防护措施,以确保安全。 相似文献
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