Analysis of work related accidents in the Spanish mining sector from 1982-2006

Introduction

The rate for work related accidents in the Spanish mining sector is notably higher than in other countries such as the United States. It produces a very negative impact on the mining industry. This paper is the report of a study on serious and fatal accidents in Spanish mining from 1982-2006. It is based on the reports of 212 accidents (serious or fatal) carried out by the General Management of Energy and Mining of Catalonia (Spain). Method: The high work-related accident rate in the Spanish mining sector makes it necessary to carry out an analysis and research that can shed light on the causes of this high rate; this is the only way that a solution can be found. The study is based on Feyer and Williamson's analysis of accident causes, as they apply to 212 accidents. The types and causes of the accidents are coded according to the coding system used by the Spanish National Institute for Safety and Hygiene in the Workplace, which allows us to identify a series of direct causes and contributing factors in different accidents. Results If all the causes and factors that are present in the accidents are known, we are able to look for appropriate solutions to reduce them as much as possible. In short, we are able to come up with a series of conclusions that expose the weak links in the management of accident prevention in companies. This is helpful in the struggle to reduce work injuries in the Spanish mining sector.     

Safety in the mining industry and the unfinished legacy of mining accidents: Safety levers and defense-in-depth for addressing mining hazards

Mining remains one of the most hazardous occupations worldwide and underground coal mines are especially notorious for their high accident rates. In this work, we provide an overview of the broad and multi-faceted topic of safety in the mining industry. After reviewing some statistics of mining accidents in the United States, we focus on one pervasive and deadly failure mode in mines, namely explosions. The repeated occurrence of mine explosions, often in similar manner, is the loud unfinished legacy of mining accidents and their occurrence in the 21st century is inexcusable and should constitute a strong call for action for all stakeholders in this industry to settle this problem. We analyze one such recent mine disaster in which deficiencies in various safety barriers failed to prevent the accident initiating event from occurring, then subsequent lines of defense failed to block this accident scenario from unfolding and to mitigate its consequences. We identify the technical, organizational, and regulatory deficiencies that failed to prevent the escalation of the mine hazards into an accident, and the accident into a “disaster”. This case study provides an opportunity to illustrate several concepts that help describe the phenomenology of accidents, such as initiating events, precursor or lead indicator, and accident pathogen. Next, we introduce the safety principle of defense-in-depth, which is the basis for regulations and risk-informed decisions by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and we examine its relevance and applicability to the mining system in support of accident prevention and coordinating actions on all the safety levers, technical, organizational, and regulatory to improve mining safety. The mining system includes the physical confines and characteristics of the mine, the equipment in the mine, the individuals and the organization that operate the mine, as well as the processes and regulatory constraints under which the mine operates. We conclude this article with the proposition for the establishment of defense-in-depth as the guiding safety principle for the mining industry and we indicate possible benefits for adopting this structured hazard-centric system approach to mining safety.     

针对瓦斯事故的安全投资效益评估方法研究

煤矿生产中瓦斯事故的发生及其危害程度的不确定性使得定量评价损失很困难.本文提出一种评估煤矿瓦斯事故严重程度和相关安全投资效益的方法.通过分析影响煤矿瓦斯事故发生的主要因素,利用专家调查法推断出瓦斯事故的发生概率和严重程度,进而估计出瓦斯事故的风险度并定量评价相关的安全投资效益.通过这种方法,可以提出各种安全投资方案并进行安全投资效益比较,据此选择安全投资效益最好的安全投资方案进行安全投资决策,最大限度地降低煤矿瓦斯事故的发生概率和危害程度.实例分析表明这种方法是有效的.     

突变级数法在采空区塌陷预测中的应用

基于突变级数理论,分析影响采空区稳定性的因素(包括采空区体积率、距地表的垂深、地质构造复杂程度、煤层倾角、覆盖层厚度、覆盖层类型等),研究采空区塌陷的预测方法.对各影响因素进行排序并确定各因素指标体系,得到各样本的突变级数,从而对采空区稳定性进行预测.实例验证表明,突变级数法的判断结果符合实际,与神经网络分级法的判断结果一致.可见,基于突变级数理论的采空区塌陷预测方法具有科学性和有效性.     

煤矿井下交接班阶段事故发生现状分析

为研究我国煤矿交接班阶段事故发生的特点与规律,以2017-2019年全国煤矿交接班前后2 h内的事故为分析对象,采用数据统计法对煤矿交接班阶段事故发生类型、区域、月份、时间段、诱因5个维度进行分析.结果表明:1)顶板、瓦斯、运输事故是煤矿交接班阶段事故的主要类型;2)四川、山西、贵州是煤矿交接班阶段事故灾害严重区域,其中贵州省为重大事故高发地区;3)每年1月、7月、12月煤矿交接班阶段事故发生频率最高,12月较大及重大事故最多;4)16点班前后2 h内煤矿事故数量最多,灾害最为严重;5)违章作业是导致煤矿井下交接班阶段事故发生的主要诱因.同时,针对煤矿交接班阶段事故发生规律提出了对策和建议.     

煤矿安全氛围对险兆事件的影响研究

有效地管理煤矿险兆事件可以预防煤矿事故的发生.通过文献梳理与实地调研,研究了煤矿险兆事件的致因,分析了安全氛围与煤矿险兆事件的关系,并利用SPSS 16.0和AMOS 7.0软件对调研数据进行了统计分析.结果表明,煤矿的安全氛围影响员工的安全行为,员工安全行为直接影响煤矿险兆事件的发生.其中,安全沟通能力和员工的安全意识对安全行为影响最大.煤矿企业要通过各种方法提高员工的安全沟通能力和安全意识,以降低不安全行为的发生,从而预防煤矿险兆事件的发生.     

液化天然气场站事故定量风险评价方法研究

液化天然气（LNG）具有低温、易挥发、易燃、易爆的特性,其场站安全问题凸显。研究结合某LNG汽车加注站加注枪或管道LNG溢出的可能性事故,对事故发生概率及后果进行定量分析,其中事故后果的确定采用DEGAD IS和LNGF ire3模型。文章结合相关文献提供的伤害准则数据,得出人员受伤等级和死亡率,进而确定事故造成的个人风险值。与英国、荷兰等国家和机构制定的个人风险标准进行比较,所得的个人风险大大低于标准极限值,同时表明将5kW/m2作为安全距离临界热辐射强度的合理性。     

汽车火灾的原因分析及预防

汽车在使用中,由于违反操作规程或对易燃品的管理不严,以及交通事故中发生撞车、翻车等,都会发生火灾.汽车火灾与其它车辆事故一样,都会带来严重损失和后果,因此,在预防车辆事故中应高度重视汽车火灾的预防.     

我国生产安全事故的R/S分析

R/S分析方法是一种检验时间序列服从独立随机分布假设或非线性特征的有效工具.本文应用R/S分析方法实测了几类全国安全生产事故Hurst指数,表明几类全国安全生产事故发生具有持续性的特点,研究成果对于指导政府、企业认识安全生产规律,科学决策具有参考意义.     

冶金企业典型事故的系统安全分析

运用安全系统工程原理 ,对冶金企业典型事故原因进行分析 ,并提出预防措施     

变电运行事故的根原因分析

变电运行事故对人身、设备乃至电网危害很大,目前的事故调查偏于追究直接原因和直接责任,对预防同类事故发生效果欠佳.本文提出了一种事故根原因调查与分析骨牌模型,对直接原因、间接原因和基础原因进行了归类.借助该模型的根原因分析可以得出更为有效的整改措施,对变电运行事故防范具有重要意义.     

尿素合成塔内化学爆炸机理分析

分析了尿素合成塔发生化学爆炸的可能性.利用经验公式计算出塔内上部空间气相在正常生产和非正常生产状态下的爆炸极限范围,并计算出非正常生产状态下气相化学爆炸产生的压力和能量范围.计算结果与现场数据吻合.爆炸所产生的压力作用于液面上,根据静压传递原理,尿液内各点与外压相等,超过尿塔正常工作压力,并导致破裂.     

Rate of occupational accidents in the mining industry since 1950--a successful approach to prevention policy

This paper deals with the decrease in the rate of accident insurance claims in the German mining industry over the last five decades. It intends to show that this process is above all the result of a prevention policy where companies and the body responsible for the legal accident insurance in the mining industry, the Bergbau-Berufsgenossenschaft (BBG), work hand in hand. A system like the German accident insurance scheme, combining prevention, rehabilitation, and compensation, enables successful and modern safety and health measures.     

突发性环境污染事故应急监测分析

随着我国经济水平的提高,人们对生活质量的要求也逐渐提高,因此政府也在逐渐加大经济建设和资源开发力度,力求满足人们对生活水平的要求。但是近年来由于资源开采过多,环境的污染程度逐渐加重,由于各种污染物质的相互作用,突发性的环境污染事故发生的次数也逐渐增多。山西是我国的能源大省,拥有很多重工业的基地,产生了大量的工业污染,对水体、大气以及土地都产生了不同程度的污染,引发了突发环境污染事故的出现。本文立足于山西突发性环境污染事故应急监测的现状,分析了山西省在应急监测上所存在的问题,并提出了相应的解决措施,力求降低突发环境污染事故的影响。     

Exploratory factor analysis of adolescent attitudes toward alcohol and risk

This 2-year longitudinal study of 302 high school students in the state of Indiana examined attitudes toward the use of alcohol in 25 potentially hazardous settings, varying from riding in a car, to swimming, to simply drinking at home. Student ratings indicated that they were capable of rationally evaluating alcohol-related risks. Principal components factor analysis identified three factors underlying student responses: propensity/desirability of the behavior, choice/control of the risk, and fear/consequences/likelihood of the risk. Each of these factors was comparable to factors found to be important in past studies of adult risk perception. The finding that self-reported behavioral propensity and desirability were weakly correlated with the measures of perceived risk is of particular interest. Attempts to reduce the use of alcohol by adolescents have traditionally focused on risk awareness. The implication of this study is that intervention programs might be more successful if they focused on modifying perceived value.     

Exploratory analysis of the safety climate and safety behavior relationship

Problem: Safety climate refers to the degree to which employees believe true priority is given to organizational safety performance, and its measurement is thought to provide an “early warning” of potential safety system failure(s). However, researchers have struggled over the last 25 years to find empirical evidence to demonstrate actual links between safety climate and safety performance.Method: A safety climate measure was distributed to manufacturing employees at the beginning of a behavioral safety initiative and redistributed one year later.Results: Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that perceptions of the importance of safety training were predictive of actual levels of safety behavior. The results also demonstrate that the magnitude of change in perceptual safety climate scores will not necessarily match actual changes (r=0.56, n.s.) in employee's safety behavior.Discussion: This study obtained empirical links between safety climate scores and actual safety behavior. Confirming and contradicting findings within the extant safety climate literature, the results strongly suggest that the hypothesized climate-behavior-accident path is not as clear cut as commonly assumed.Summary: A statistical link between safety climate perceptions and safety behavior will be obtained when sufficient behavioral data is collected.Impact on Industry: The study further supports the use of safety climate measures as useful diagnostic tools in ascertaining employee's perceptions of the way that safety is being operationalized.     

昆明市城中村火灾事故统计分析

城中村是中国快速城市化进程中的一个普遍现象,由于缺乏统一规划和专门管理,城中村的高火灾风险成为当前面临的重要问题并得到社会各界关注.为获得昆明市城中村火灾的特点和规律,从2004-2006年昆明市火灾统计记录中区分出城中村和非城中村火灾数据,在此基础上采用Bayes统计分析城中村不同用途建筑物的火灾发生概率及概率比例.结果表明,相比城中村其他用途的建筑,居住用房火灾概率较低,而具有生产和加工性质的行业作坊、易燃易爆场所和娱乐场所的火灾概率较高,分别是居住用房的48倍、26倍和18倍.进一步采用火灾原因-场所关联对比分析了城中村和非城中村火灾的特点.从火灾发生场所看,与非城中村相比,城中村居住场所火灾发生比例高7.2%,路边可燃物高88.8%,木材、家具加工厂高184.8%,易燃易爆场所高521.4%; 从火灾原因看,城中村电气、电线短路致灾比例高1 2%,限制行为能力人(小孩和精神病人)致灾比例高65 1%,燃放烟花爆竹致灾比例高3.5%,吸烟致灾比例高50.9%,违章操作致灾比例高59.0%.这些差异基本上反映了城中村的主要外在特征,这些外在特征经城中村实地调研得到证实.     

习惯性违章行为导致事故的潜在性原因分析

1 习惯性违章行为导致事故的案例2009年1月24日12时40分,某公司烧结车间中控通知该班作业长有4台烧结机白煤槽位下降快,该作业长马上组织人员破料.在和小修作业长处理皮带打滑过程中,小修作业长说通知气焊进行处理,并在皮带机头部研究方案.这时该作业长急于追槽位,便到皮带尾部取下撞锤上的三角带,打开北侧防护栏,将三角带塞进皮带尾轮滚筒后,便通知中控起车(皮带带速0.7 m/s),在靠近一步观察效果时不慎踩在三角带上,左脚被三角带勒在机架间隙里,导致左小腿骨折.经调查,确定事故原因是: