Analysis of work related accidents in the Spanish mining sector from 1982-2006

Introduction

The rate for work related accidents in the Spanish mining sector is notably higher than in other countries such as the United States. It produces a very negative impact on the mining industry. This paper is the report of a study on serious and fatal accidents in Spanish mining from 1982-2006. It is based on the reports of 212 accidents (serious or fatal) carried out by the General Management of Energy and Mining of Catalonia (Spain). Method: The high work-related accident rate in the Spanish mining sector makes it necessary to carry out an analysis and research that can shed light on the causes of this high rate; this is the only way that a solution can be found. The study is based on Feyer and Williamson's analysis of accident causes, as they apply to 212 accidents. The types and causes of the accidents are coded according to the coding system used by the Spanish National Institute for Safety and Hygiene in the Workplace, which allows us to identify a series of direct causes and contributing factors in different accidents. Results If all the causes and factors that are present in the accidents are known, we are able to look for appropriate solutions to reduce them as much as possible. In short, we are able to come up with a series of conclusions that expose the weak links in the management of accident prevention in companies. This is helpful in the struggle to reduce work injuries in the Spanish mining sector.     

An analysis of equipment-related fatal accidents in U.S. mining operations: 1995–2005

Despite significant reductions in mining fatalities, the number of these accidents remains high. Based on the number of fatalities per year, a persistent area of concern in mine safety continues to be equipment-related. The study was undertaken in order to more thoroughly characterize equipment-related mining fatalities and to perform an analysis of those that occurred over the last 11-years, from 1995 through 2005. Equipment-related fatalities obtained from the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) reports are used in this study. Results show that the proportion of total mine fatalities attributable to the equipment ranged from 37% to 88% per year. Among the MSHA equipment subcategories, the greatest proportion of fatalities is related to haul trucks (22.3%), belt conveyors (9.3%), front-end loaders (8.5%), and miscellaneous equipment (36.6%). The relationship between number of equipment-related fatalities and mining experience of the workforce was also examined. Study shows that workers with less than five years of appropriate mining experience constitute 44% of all fatalities that occurred during the period of 1995–2005.     

Safety in the mining industry and the unfinished legacy of mining accidents: Safety levers and defense-in-depth for addressing mining hazards

Mining remains one of the most hazardous occupations worldwide and underground coal mines are especially notorious for their high accident rates. In this work, we provide an overview of the broad and multi-faceted topic of safety in the mining industry. After reviewing some statistics of mining accidents in the United States, we focus on one pervasive and deadly failure mode in mines, namely explosions. The repeated occurrence of mine explosions, often in similar manner, is the loud unfinished legacy of mining accidents and their occurrence in the 21st century is inexcusable and should constitute a strong call for action for all stakeholders in this industry to settle this problem. We analyze one such recent mine disaster in which deficiencies in various safety barriers failed to prevent the accident initiating event from occurring, then subsequent lines of defense failed to block this accident scenario from unfolding and to mitigate its consequences. We identify the technical, organizational, and regulatory deficiencies that failed to prevent the escalation of the mine hazards into an accident, and the accident into a “disaster”. This case study provides an opportunity to illustrate several concepts that help describe the phenomenology of accidents, such as initiating events, precursor or lead indicator, and accident pathogen. Next, we introduce the safety principle of defense-in-depth, which is the basis for regulations and risk-informed decisions by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and we examine its relevance and applicability to the mining system in support of accident prevention and coordinating actions on all the safety levers, technical, organizational, and regulatory to improve mining safety. The mining system includes the physical confines and characteristics of the mine, the equipment in the mine, the individuals and the organization that operate the mine, as well as the processes and regulatory constraints under which the mine operates. We conclude this article with the proposition for the establishment of defense-in-depth as the guiding safety principle for the mining industry and we indicate possible benefits for adopting this structured hazard-centric system approach to mining safety.     

基于数据挖掘的化工生产事故致因主题抽取

为充分挖掘化工生产事故数据中的有效信息和潜在规律,提高对化工事故认知水平,针对某化工集团2010—2016年共1 578起事故数据,利用社会网络分析等方法揭示事故要素间的关联关系;运用潜在狄利克雷分配（LDA）模型进行事故聚类,并抽取到5个事故致因主题。研究结果表明:LDA主题模型等数据挖掘技术能有效挖掘大量事故数据中的潜在信息;5个事故致因主题中,4个涉及到人因或组织层面的缺陷;员工注意力不集中和现场风险管理不足这2个致因主题间具有较强相关性;员工注意力不集中、现场风险管理不足以及设备问题是导致事故发生的主要原因。     

Historical analysis of accidents in seaports

A study has been carried out of accidents occurring in seaports. A total of 471 accidents occurring between the beginning of the twentieth century and October 2002 have been analysed. The results obtained show a significant increase in the frequency of accidents over time: 83% of the accidents occurred in the last 20 years and 59% in the past decade. The most frequent accidents were releases (51%), followed by fires (29%), explosions (17%) and gas clouds (3%). More than half the accidents occurred during transport: loading/unloading operations, storage and process plants also make a large contribution to the total. The various causes of the accidents have also been analysed, as have the type of substance involved and the consequences for the population (number of people killed, injured and evacuated). Finally, some conclusions are drawn concerning the need to improve certain safety measures in ports.     

数据挖掘在预测组织事故防控效果中的应用*

为进一步探索数据挖据技术在组织事故预防工作中的融入性与适用性,基于24Model构建事故预控基础模型,通过预测准确率数值及接受者操作特性曲线（ROC曲线）对比分析随机森林（RF）、支持向量机(SVM)、决策树（DT）与神经网络（NN）4种方法对组织事故防控效果的预测性能。结果表明:针对事故率控制（Y1）、职业危害预防（Y2）、财产损失3类预测目标（Y3）,RF方法均能达到较高的准确率及稳定性,具有较优的预测性能。根据特征重要度（FI）排序,明确对组织事故水平影响最显著的因素为安全实践活动认知（SC5）及安全管理程序文件（SMS3）,FI值均大于0.150 0。研究结果可为有效预测组织事故防控效果提供方法依据,同时为企业安全工作的规划设计提供思路。     

数据挖掘与现场调查结合的电动汽车事故分析

为了解电池热失控引起的电动汽车自燃事故起因,降低事故发生率,统计梳理2020年新能源汽车起火事故概况,并基于动力电池失效机制和车辆运行数据,提出一种融合事故阶段安全参数关联分析、事故现场调查和全生命周期数据一致性分析的事故多维分析方法,采用该方法深入剖析一起电动汽车起火事故.研究结果表明:事故多维分析方法可通过探究事故...     

针对瓦斯事故的安全投资效益评估方法研究

煤矿生产中瓦斯事故的发生及其危害程度的不确定性使得定量评价损失很困难.本文提出一种评估煤矿瓦斯事故严重程度和相关安全投资效益的方法.通过分析影响煤矿瓦斯事故发生的主要因素,利用专家调查法推断出瓦斯事故的发生概率和严重程度,进而估计出瓦斯事故的风险度并定量评价相关的安全投资效益.通过这种方法,可以提出各种安全投资方案并进行安全投资效益比较,据此选择安全投资效益最好的安全投资方案进行安全投资决策,最大限度地降低煤矿瓦斯事故的发生概率和危害程度.实例分析表明这种方法是有效的.     

国内船舶碰撞事故科研产出及主题趋势挖掘

为了全面认识国内船舶碰撞研究的整体现状及趋势,基于中国知网的2000—2016年506篇船舶碰撞学位论文和1957—2016年1 620篇期刊论文,使用科学计量和知识图谱的方法进行了可视化分析。结果表明:学位论文和期刊论文的产出主要集中以大连海事大学、上海海事大学、上海交通大学以及武汉理工大学为核心形成不同的研究团队。关于船舶碰撞的学位论文主要集中在AI、船舶避碰、数值仿真等方面,期刊论文的热点主要分布在船舶避碰、碰撞事故、碰撞危险等方面。整体来看,2000年以后学位和期刊论文在研究上的趋势是相近的,都在关注AI、数值模拟方法和碰撞责任主体等方面的避碰主题,近期新兴的研究更加关注在一些船舶碰撞微观的层面。     

煤矿井下交接班阶段事故发生现状分析

为研究我国煤矿交接班阶段事故发生的特点与规律,以2017-2019年全国煤矿交接班前后2 h内的事故为分析对象,采用数据统计法对煤矿交接班阶段事故发生类型、区域、月份、时间段、诱因5个维度进行分析.结果表明:1)顶板、瓦斯、运输事故是煤矿交接班阶段事故的主要类型;2)四川、山西、贵州是煤矿交接班阶段事故灾害严重区域,其中贵州省为重大事故高发地区;3)每年1月、7月、12月煤矿交接班阶段事故发生频率最高,12月较大及重大事故最多;4)16点班前后2 h内煤矿事故数量最多,灾害最为严重;5)违章作业是导致煤矿井下交接班阶段事故发生的主要诱因.同时,针对煤矿交接班阶段事故发生规律提出了对策和建议.     

煤矿安全氛围对险兆事件的影响研究

有效地管理煤矿险兆事件可以预防煤矿事故的发生.通过文献梳理与实地调研,研究了煤矿险兆事件的致因,分析了安全氛围与煤矿险兆事件的关系,并利用SPSS 16.0和AMOS 7.0软件对调研数据进行了统计分析.结果表明,煤矿的安全氛围影响员工的安全行为,员工安全行为直接影响煤矿险兆事件的发生.其中,安全沟通能力和员工的安全意识对安全行为影响最大.煤矿企业要通过各种方法提高员工的安全沟通能力和安全意识,以降低不安全行为的发生,从而预防煤矿险兆事件的发生.     

突变级数法在采空区塌陷预测中的应用

基于突变级数理论,分析影响采空区稳定性的因素(包括采空区体积率、距地表的垂深、地质构造复杂程度、煤层倾角、覆盖层厚度、覆盖层类型等),研究采空区塌陷的预测方法.对各影响因素进行排序并确定各因素指标体系,得到各样本的突变级数,从而对采空区稳定性进行预测.实例验证表明,突变级数法的判断结果符合实际,与神经网络分级法的判断结果一致.可见,基于突变级数理论的采空区塌陷预测方法具有科学性和有效性.     

液化天然气场站事故定量风险评价方法研究

液化天然气（LNG）具有低温、易挥发、易燃、易爆的特性,其场站安全问题凸显。研究结合某LNG汽车加注站加注枪或管道LNG溢出的可能性事故,对事故发生概率及后果进行定量分析,其中事故后果的确定采用DEGAD IS和LNGF ire3模型。文章结合相关文献提供的伤害准则数据,得出人员受伤等级和死亡率,进而确定事故造成的个人风险值。与英国、荷兰等国家和机构制定的个人风险标准进行比较,所得的个人风险大大低于标准极限值,同时表明将5kW/m2作为安全距离临界热辐射强度的合理性。     

地铁施工事故统计分析与研究*

为了解我国城市地铁施工事故规律特征,降低新建地铁线路施工事故发生频率,统计分析2011—2020年全国31个省市自治区（不包括港澳台）地铁施工事故,归纳事故发生时间、事故类型、施工工法的分布特征,基于灰色关联分析法（GRA）对地铁施工事故致因进行分析。研究结果表明:地铁施工事故季节性特征突出,3,8,11月份呈多发态势;科学技术进步和规章制度完善是保证我国轨道交通运营里程高速增长和施工事故率降低的有效手段;事故类型以坍塌为主,且事故造成影响最大;违章作业、设备设施缺陷、地质环境不良和安全监管未贯彻落实分别为“人、物、环、管”4个维度的关键致因因子。     

汽车火灾的原因分析及预防

汽车在使用中,由于违反操作规程或对易燃品的管理不严,以及交通事故中发生撞车、翻车等,都会发生火灾.汽车火灾与其它车辆事故一样,都会带来严重损失和后果,因此,在预防车辆事故中应高度重视汽车火灾的预防.     

Updating the economic cost of large-scale industrial accidents: Application to the historical analysis of accidents

This paper analyses the feasibility of applying different update rates of industrial prices to the economic assessments of accidents with special emphasis on those related to the chemical process industry. The advantages and disadvantages of applying this technique to the historical analysis of accidents are analysed and compared with the results obtained with the five most widely used indexes. The results of a general analysis of the historical evolution of the cost of accidents recorded in two prestigious databases are also presented. Valid data are obtained for decision-making with regard to insurance premiums, revaluation of assets and risk management (administration, safety management of large chemical complexes).     

尿素合成塔内化学爆炸机理分析

分析了尿素合成塔发生化学爆炸的可能性.利用经验公式计算出塔内上部空间气相在正常生产和非正常生产状态下的爆炸极限范围,并计算出非正常生产状态下气相化学爆炸产生的压力和能量范围.计算结果与现场数据吻合.爆炸所产生的压力作用于液面上,根据静压传递原理,尿液内各点与外压相等,超过尿塔正常工作压力,并导致破裂.     

我国生产安全事故的R/S分析

R/S分析方法是一种检验时间序列服从独立随机分布假设或非线性特征的有效工具.本文应用R/S分析方法实测了几类全国安全生产事故Hurst指数,表明几类全国安全生产事故发生具有持续性的特点,研究成果对于指导政府、企业认识安全生产规律,科学决策具有参考意义.     

变电运行事故的根原因分析

变电运行事故对人身、设备乃至电网危害很大,目前的事故调查偏于追究直接原因和直接责任,对预防同类事故发生效果欠佳.本文提出了一种事故根原因调查与分析骨牌模型,对直接原因、间接原因和基础原因进行了归类.借助该模型的根原因分析可以得出更为有效的整改措施,对变电运行事故防范具有重要意义.     

突发性环境污染事故应急监测分析

随着我国经济水平的提高,人们对生活质量的要求也逐渐提高,因此政府也在逐渐加大经济建设和资源开发力度,力求满足人们对生活水平的要求。但是近年来由于资源开采过多,环境的污染程度逐渐加重,由于各种污染物质的相互作用,突发性的环境污染事故发生的次数也逐渐增多。山西是我国的能源大省,拥有很多重工业的基地,产生了大量的工业污染,对水体、大气以及土地都产生了不同程度的污染,引发了突发环境污染事故的出现。本文立足于山西突发性环境污染事故应急监测的现状,分析了山西省在应急监测上所存在的问题,并提出了相应的解决措施,力求降低突发环境污染事故的影响。