Preparation and characterization of poly (vinylidene fluoride)/TiO2 hybrid membranes

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/titanium dioxide (TiO₂) hybrid membranes were prepared using nano-TiO₂ as the modifier, and characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The characterization results demonstrated that nano-sized TiO₂ particles dispersed homogeneously within the PVDF matrix, contributing to more hydroxyls and smoother surfaces. Moreover, permeate flux, retention factor, porosity, contact angle and anti-fouling tests were carried out to evaluate the effect of TiO₂ concentration on the performance of PVDF membranes. Among all the prepared membranes, PVDF/TiO₂ membrane containing 10 vol.% TiO₂ exhibited the best hydrophilicity with an average pure water flux up to 237 L·m^?2·h^?1, higher than that of unmodified PVDF membranes (155 L·m^?2·h^?1). Besides, the bovine serum albumin rejection of the hybrid membrane was improved evidently from 52.3% to 70.6%, and the contact angle was significantly lowered from 83° to 60°, while the average pore size and its distribution became smaller and narrower.     

Photodegradation of an azo dye by silver-doped nano-particulate titanium dioxide

The synthesis of silver doped nano-particulate titanium dioxide (Ag/TiO₂) using a microemulsion method and an investigation of its photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Acid Red 27 in distilled water under UV-irradiation is reported. The prepared Ag/TiO₂ is characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The size of the Ag nanoparticles is around 5–15?nm, with almost uniform distribution on the TiO₂ particles. The efficiency of the photocatalytic process is evaluated to establish the optimum conditions, found to be at 2?wt% of Ag loading on TiO₂, catalyst dosage of 400?mg?L^?1, and calcination temperature of 300°C. Complete decolorization of the dye solution on Ag/TiO₂ was observed in 20?min of UV irradiation in the optimum conditions.     

四氯丙烯对稀有鮈鲫的急性毒性及安全浓度评价

采用半静态试验方式测试了四氯丙烯对稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)的急性毒性,试验浓度分别设定为0.25 mg·L~(-1)、0.30mg·L~(-1)、0.36 mg·L~(-1)、0.42 mg·L~(-1)、0.50 mg·L~(-1)和0.60 mg·L~(-1),同时进行空白对照(试验用水)和分散剂对照(体积分数为0.006%的吐温-80水溶液)试验。采用气相色谱法对试验溶液进行浓度分析,实测浓度分别为0.19 mg·L~(-1)、0.25 mg·L~(-1)、0.34 mg·L~(-1)、0.40 mg·L~(-1)、0.51 mg·L~(-1)和0.64 mg·L~(-1),试验结果以实测浓度表示和统计。结果表明:四氯丙烯致稀有鮈鲫无死亡发生(EC0)的最高浓度为0.25 mg·L~(-1),导致稀有鮈鲫100%死亡(EC100)的最低浓度为0.51 mg·L~(-1)。根据实测浓度,用SPSS(17.0)概率单位法求得四氯丙烯对稀有鮈鲫的半数致死浓度96 h-LC50为0.347 mg·L~(-1),95%置信区间为0.328 mg·L~(-1)~0.361 mg·L~(-1)。     

重金属胁迫对日本对虾(Penaeus japonicas )胚胎发育的影响

以受精1 h以内的日本对虾受精卵为实验对象,采用静水试验方法,研究了Zn、Hg、Cu、Pb、As、Cd和Cr 7种重金属对日本对虾胚胎发育的影响。结果表明,在实验浓度范围内,7种重金属中Hg、Cu对日本对虾胚胎发育毒性最大,其次是Zn、As、Cd,Pb和Cr无明显影响。Hg、Cu、Cd、As、Zn对日本对虾胚胎LC₅₀值分别为：0.0177 mg·L^-1、0.1070 mg·L^-1、1.6057 mg·L^-1、3.3682 mg·L^-1、8.2644 mg·L^-1,致死效应最低可观测效用浓度（LOEC）分别为0.0037 mg·L^-1、0.0166 mg·L^-1、0.1302 mg·L^-1、1.1572 mg·L^-1、2.1522 mg·L^-1;抑制发育LOEC分别为0.0062 mg·L^-1、0.0176 mg·L^-1、0.4002 mg·L^-1、1.9497 mg·L^-1、0.0617 mg·L^-1。随着Hg、Cu浓度的升高,胚胎孵化率不断下降,无节幼体死亡率不断上升,在Hg 0.0256 mg·L^-1浓度组中,胚胎48 h死亡率达到100%。以上结果说明,Hg、Cu等重金属的存在会延缓日本对虾胚胎的发育速度,随着重金属浓度的增加,滞育现象愈加明显,在Cu 0.32 mg·L^-1浓度组中,未见无节幼体孵出。     

双酚A与其替代品对黑斑蛙急性毒性的比较

双酚F(BPF)和双酚S(BPS)作为双酚A(BPA)替代品广泛使用,然而有关BPF和BPS的毒性数据非常有限。采用系列浓度的BPA、BPF、BPS溶液,暴露黑斑蛙胚胎和蝌蚪96 h,通过半致死浓度(LC50)、最小生长抑制浓度(MCIG)和致畸率等指标比较3种化合物的急性毒性。结果显示:100 mg·L-1BPS未导致黑斑蛙胚胎及蝌蚪畸形和死亡。BPA和BPF对黑斑蛙胚胎的96h-LC50分别为7.68 mg·L-1和7.99 mg·L-1,MCIG分别为4.47 mg·L-1和4.77 mg·L-1,最大致畸率为33.33%;对蝌蚪的96 h-LC50分别为9.00 mg·L-1和9.52 mg·L-1。依据《化学农药环境安全评价准则》的毒性分级标准,判定BPA和BPF的毒性等级为中毒,BPS的毒性等级为低毒。表明BPF急性毒性与BPA相当,BPS急性毒性低于BPA。本研究数据可为BPF、BPS作为BPA替代品的生产和使用以及相应的环境管理提供毒理学参考。     

黑斑蛙与非洲爪蟾蝌蚪急性毒性试验方法敏感性的比较

两栖动物蝌蚪急性毒性试验是评价化学品急性毒性的一种方法。以毒死蜱、乙草胺、重铬酸钾和全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)为测试物,比较了我国本土黑斑蛙(Rana nigromaculata)与国际通用种非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)在蝌蚪急性毒性试验中的敏感性。结果发现：2类蝌蚪分别进行的11次试验中,空白对照组黑斑蛙蝌蚪死亡率(0.9%)远低于非洲爪蟾蝌蚪的死亡率(5.8%);重铬酸钾和PFOS对黑斑蛙蝌蚪的96 h-LC₅₀分别为34.0 mg·L^-1和81.0 mg·L^-1,而对非洲爪蟾蝌蚪的96 h-LC₅₀分别为51.6 mg·L^-1和92.1 mg·L^-1,显示黑斑蛙蝌蚪对这2种化学品的敏感性略高于非洲爪蟾蝌蚪;毒死蜱和乙草胺对黑斑蛙蝌蚪的96 h-LC₅₀分别为0.41 mg·L^-1和4.1 mg·L^-1,而对非洲爪蟾蝌蚪的96 h-LC₅₀分别为0.12 mg·L^-1和3.1 mg·L^-1,显示黑斑蛙蝌蚪对这2种化学品的敏感性略低于非洲爪蟾。鉴于2类蝌蚪对化学品的敏感性存在差异,且黑斑蛙蝌蚪的自然死亡率低,材料更易获得,笔者认为黑斑蛙蝌蚪比非洲爪蟾更适合作为蝌蚪急性毒性试验的材料,用于我国化学品环境管理中的毒性评价。     

Histopathological effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on the gill and intestine of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles

In current research, the combined effects of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) on the histopathological anomalies of gill and intestine tissues in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were studied. Common carp were exposed to TiO₂ NPs (10.0?mg L^?1), CuO NPs (2.5 and 5.0?mg L^?1), and mixture of TiO₂ NPs (10.0?mg L^?1)?+?CuO NPs (2.5 and 5.0 mg?L^?1) for two periods of exposure (10 and 20 days) and recovery (30 and 40 days). The most common histopathological anomalies in the gill of common carp such as hyperplasia, oedema, curvature, fusion, aneurism, and necrosis were observed. The synergistic effect of co-existing TiO₂ NPs and CuO NPs reduced the length of secondary lamella and increased the diameters of the gill filaments and secondary lamellae. Moreover, the presence of TiO₂ NPs increased the CuO NPs effects on the histopathological anomalies of intestine tissue and the synergistic effect of TiO₂ NPs and CuO mixture leads to an increase in the severity of histopathological lesions such as degeneration, swelling of goblet cells, and necrosis - erosion in the intestine tissue. In conclusion, the presence of TiO₂ NPs increased the toxicity of CuO NPs.     

Decolorization of azo dyes by a salt-tolerant Staphylococcus cohnii strain isolated from textile wastewater

The salt-tolerant Staphylococcus cohnii strain, isolated from textile wastewater, has been found effective on decolorizing several kinds of azo dyes with different structures. The optimal conditions for azo dye acid red B (ARB) decolorization by S. cohnii were determined to be pH = 7.0 and 30°C. The decolorization efficiency increased with the increase of the salinity concentration, and around 90% of ARB (100 mg·L^?1) could be decolorized in 24 h when the salinity concentration was up to 50 g·L^?1. Moreover, the strain could still decolorize 19% of ARB in 24 h even when the NaCl concentration was increased to 150 g·L^?1. Meanwhile, the dependence of the specific decolorization rate by S. cohnii on the ARB concentration could be described with Michaelis-Menten kinetics (K _m = 585.7mg·L^?1, V _max = 109.8 mg·g cell^?1·h^?1). The addition of quinone redox mediator, named 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate, significantly accelerated the decolorization performance of S. cohnii. Furtherly, the activities of azoreductase (0.55 ??mol·mg protein^?1·min^?1) and Nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide-dichlorophenol indophenol (NADH-DCIP) reductase (8.9 ??mol·mg protein^?1·min^?1) have been observed in the crude cell extracts of S. cohnii. The decolorization products of ARB were analyzed by HPLC-MS, and the results indicated the reductive pathway was responsible for azo dye decolorization by S. cohnii.     

Adsorption of fluoride on clay minerals and their mechanisms using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

This research investigates the adsorption mechanisms of fluoride (F) on four clay minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite, chlorite, and illite) under different F^? concentrations and reaction times by probing their fluoride superficial layer binding energies and element compositions using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). At high F^? concentrations (C ₀ = 5?C1000 mg·L^?1), the amount of F^? adsorbed (Q _F), amount of hydroxide released by clay minerals, solution F^? concentration, and the pH increase with increasing C ₀. The increases are remarkable at C ₀>50 mg·L^?1. The QF increases significantly by continuously modifying the pH level. At C ₀<5?C100 mg·L^?1, clay minerals adsorb H⁺ to protonate aluminum-bound surface-active hydroxyl sites in the superficial layers and induce F^? binding. As the C ₀ increases, F^?, along with other cations, is adsorbed to form a quasi-cryolite structure. At C ₀>100 mg·L^?1, new minerals precipitate and the product depends on the critical Al³⁺ concentration. At [Al³⁺]>10^?11.94 mol·L^?1, cryolite forms, while at [Al³⁺]<10^?11.94 mol·L^?1, AlF₃ is formed. At low C ₀ (0.3?C1.5 mg·L^?1), proton transfer occurs, and the F^? adsorption capabilities of the clay minerals increase with time.     

Quantification of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles in wastewater using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Abstract

The applicability of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry has been examined for determination titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in industrial wastewater samples. The extraction and preconcentration of the nanoparticles were achieved using ligandless ultrasound-assisted surfactant-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. Under optimized conditions, the developed method had limits of detection (LOD) of 2.7?ng L^?1 for Ti and 3.6?ng L^?1 for Zn resulting from dissolved TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles. The relative standard deviation values for intraday precision were 2.5% and 3.1% for TiO₂ and ZnO, while the interday precision was 4.5% and 5.0%. Percentage recoveries ranging from 98% to 100% were obtained. Finally, the applicability of the method was examined by analyzing spiked samples and wastewater samples collected from textile, cosmetic and paint industries.     

全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)替代品对4种本土水生生物的生态毒性

本文选择了紫背浮萍、四尾栅藻、蚤状溞和稀有鮈鲫4种本土水生生物,开展了阳离子表面活性剂、织物三防整理剂、C4三防整理剂和C6三防整理剂4种全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)替代品的安全性评估,为筛选理想PFOS化学替代品提供科学依据。急性毒性结果发现阳离子表面活性剂对4种水生生物均未显示出急性毒性;织物三防整理剂、C4三防整理剂和C6三防整理剂对蚤状溞的LC50值分别为17.97、64.61和85.58 mg·L-1,显示出低的急性毒性。另外,织物三防整理剂对四尾栅藻的半数抑制浓度(EC50)值为88.32 mg·L-1,而对稀有鮈鲫半致死浓度(LC50)值为14.79 mg·L-1,均存在急性毒性。短期生长抑制试验结果发现阳离子表面活性剂、织物三防整理剂、C4三防整理剂和C6三防整理剂对稀有鮈鲫生长抑制最低可见效应浓度(LOEC)值分别为20、1.5、100和50 mg·L-1,表明4种PFOS替代品均显示低慢性毒性。急慢性综合分析可知C4和C6三防整理剂相对较安全,可能成为理想的PFOS替代品。     

BDE-47对斑马鱼胚胎-幼鱼的急性毒性及氧化应激作用

为研究2,2',4,4'-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)对斑马鱼胚胎-幼鱼急性毒性、氧化应激及细胞凋亡的影响,以受精后3 h的斑马鱼胚胎为染毒对象,用概率单位法计算BDE-47对斑马鱼胚胎-幼鱼的96 h-LC₅₀;再参照96 h-LC₅₀按一定比例级差设置0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0 mg·L^-1 4个浓度组和1个对照组(0 mg·L^-1)进行96 h半静水式毒性试验,检测斑马鱼超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和细胞凋亡情况。结果表明,BDE-47对斑马鱼96 h的急性毒性LC₅₀为3.77 mg·L^-1(95%可信区间1.93～10.27 mg·L^-1);2.0 mg·L^-1剂量组与对照组相比,SOD活性和MDA含量显著增加,且CAT活性与BDE-47染毒浓度之间存在明显的剂量-效应关系;0.5 mg·L^-1 BDE-47染毒96 h后,即观察到斑马鱼幼鱼出现明显细胞凋亡,主要集中于神经管和脑部。研究表明,BDE-47可以影响斑马鱼体内抗氧化防御系统,并能诱导细胞凋亡;BDE-47导致神经组织的氧化损伤可能在动物神经毒性中起重要作用。     

离子液体[C_8 mim]Cl对泥鳅胚胎和仔鱼的毒性

以泥鳅的胚胎及仔鱼为试验材料,选择胚胎发育的4个不同时期(囊胚期、原肠胚中期、神经胚期、尾芽期)及仔鱼期为处理开始的时间点,探讨了离子液体[C8mim]Cl的毒性作用。结果表明,随着[C8mim]Cl浓度增加,泥鳅胚胎的孵化率下降,畸形率上升,具有明显的剂量-效应关系,67~150 mg·L-1的[C8mim]Cl对泥鳅胚胎均表现出明显的致畸毒性效应;随着[C8mim]Cl浓度增加,泥鳅仔鱼死亡率上升,而100~225 mg·L-1的[C8mim]Cl对泥鳅仔鱼具有明显的致畸、致死作用。其中,[C8mim]Cl对孵出期泥鳅仔鱼的24 h、48 h的半致死浓度分别为97.95和86.77 mg·L-1;而[C8mim]Cl对孵出后3 d泥鳅仔鱼的24 h、48 h的半致死浓度分别为73.77和40.98 mg·L-1。由上可知,在一定的剂量内,[C8mim]Cl对泥鳅胚胎及仔鱼的发育有明显的致畸、致死作用,这为离子液体[C8mim]Cl的合理使用提供了理论依据。     

PFOS潜在替代品全氟丁基磺酸钾对不同营养水平水生生物的毒性

全氟丁基磺酸钾(PFBSK)作为全氟辛基磺酸(PFOS)潜在的替代品,极易溶于水,主要存在于水体中,因而其水生毒性的研究十分重要。采用OECD 201、OECD 202、OECD 203和OECD 211标准试验方法,研究了PFBSK对羊角月牙藻(Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata)、大型溞(Daphnia magna)和中国本土鱼种稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)的急性毒性效应以及对大型溞繁殖的影响。组合多终点急慢性水生生物毒性结果：PFBSK的急性毒性终点均大于100 mg·L^-1,大型溞繁殖试验的无观察效应浓度(NOEC)为571 mg·L^-1,最低可观察效应浓度(LOEC)为981 mg·L^-1。按GHS分类导则,PFBSK未表现出急性毒性和慢性毒性。与之相比,PFOS则对水生生物表现出毒性,黑头软口鲦(Pimephales promelas)为最敏感物种,其96 h-LC₅₀为4.7 mg·L^-1;大型溞繁殖试验的NOEC为12 mg·L^-1。按GHS分类导则,属于中等毒性物质。可见,PFBSK较PFOS水生毒性明显降低。     

氯化镉对斑马鱼胚胎的发育毒性

为探讨重金属Cd对斑马鱼胚胎发育的毒性效应,将受精1h后(1hpf)的斑马鱼胚胎暴露于不同浓度的CdCl2溶液中,观察CdCl2处理对胚胎死亡、孵化及幼鱼畸形的影响。采用吖啶橙(AO)染色,定性观察胚胎细胞凋亡情况;以活性氧(ROS)荧光探针DCFH-DA染色法检测胚胎ROS水平,TBA比色法测定胚胎脂质过氧化水平,DTNB比色法测定还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)水平。结果表明,10.0～30.0mg·L-1CdCl2浓度依赖性地诱导斑马鱼胚胎死亡和幼鱼畸形,胚胎孵化率亦降低。CdCl2处理引起斑马鱼胚胎心脏水肿,尾部弯曲和胚胎发育阻滞。胚胎半数致死浓度(LC50)为18.9mg·L-1,R2=0.973,幼鱼半数致畸浓度(EC50)为13.7mg·L-1,R2=0.967。20.0mg·L-1CdCl2处理组ROS水平、MDA含量明显升高,GSH/GSSG比值明显降低(P<0.01)。20mg·L-1CdCl2处理后,胚胎头部和尾部可见大量细胞凋亡。10mg·L-1N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)与20mg·L-1CdCl2共同处理组斑马鱼胚胎的死亡率和畸形率明显降低,孵化率明显升高,ROS水平、MDA含量以及GSH/GSSG比值趋于正常。以上结果说明,CdCl2暴露对斑马鱼胚胎发育的毒性效应可能与CdCl2诱导的氧化应激相关。     

三甲基氯化锡对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)生理生化特性的影响

为初步探讨三甲基氯化锡(trimethyltin chloride,TMT)对鱼类的毒性效应以及评价环境中TMT的安全性,采用静态鱼类急性毒性试验法测定了TMT对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)生理生化指标的影响;参考TMT的96 h-LC50值,设定3个浓度(0.39、0.78和1.17 mg·L-1)处理斑马鱼,测...     

砷浓度、形态及碳酸氢盐对蜈蚣草吸收砷的影响

为了探讨超富集植物蜈蚣草在处理高砷地下水方面的可行性,研究了水培条件下砷的浓度、形态和碳酸氢盐(HCO-3)对超富集植物蜈蚣草吸收砷的影响。实验中使用了浓度为0.1～100mg·L-1的As(III)和As(V)溶液。HCO-3处理中,HCO-3浓度范围为0.5～20mmol·L-1,As(III)或As(V)的浓度为5mg·L-1。结果表明,在水培条件下,蜈蚣草具有明显的耐高砷特征。当介质砷含量高达100mg·L-1时,砷的去除率可达到80%,且对As(III)的吸收效率高于As(V)。植物体内砷形态研究表明,蜈蚣草体内2种形态砷的含量与外源砷形态有一定的关系,As(V)处理条件下,植物体中的As(V)比例较As(III)处理高。高浓度的HCO-3(20mmol·L-1)处理对蜈蚣草地上部分生物量没有明显影响,但是抑制了地下部分的生长,并且对砷的吸收表现出明显的抑制作用。     

砷浓度、形态及碳酸氢盐对蜈蚣草吸收砷的影响

大同盆地是典型的高砷地下水分布区。利用从地方性砷中毒严重病区山阴县采集的高砷地下水样品,用稀释培养法实验研究了外加砷源对地下水中微生物数量的影响;同时基于生物学可培养法和16S rDNA序列比对法,选取代表性高砷水样,研究了耐砷菌的种群特征。结果表明,外加砷源对地下水中微生物数量影响显著,高浓度砷会抑制大部分微生物生长,使微生物数量减少;低浓度砷对微生物生长具有一定促进作用。通过多次分离、纯化从3个不同砷含量地下水样中分离到多株砷抗性菌,经鉴定属于主要为Bacillus、Pseudomonas、Paenibacillus、Aeromonas、Enterobacter5个属。从RDP(Ribosomal Database Project)分析显示3个水样可培养微生物组成不同,都有生存能力强能够耐低浓度NaAsO₂的Bacillales,优势耐砷菌是γ-proteobacteria,其中Enterbacter具有耐高浓度NaAsO₂的能力。     

甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对泥鳅的急性毒性

将泥鳅暴露于甲维盐进行急性毒性实验,依据概率单位法计量不同暴露时间甲维盐相应的半致死浓度以及安全浓度。结果表明,甲维盐对泥鳅的48 h-LC₅₀为14.137 mg·L^-1 ,96 h-LC₅₀为6.765 mg·L^-1。甲维盐浓度与泥鳅的死亡率呈现明显的剂量效应关系。随着暴露时间延长,半数致死浓度降低,安全浓度降低。采用组织学方法评估了不同浓度的甲维盐暴露下,泥鳅视网膜、皮肤、鳃的组织学结构变化。在20 mg·L^-1甲维盐急性暴露下,泥鳅皮肤出现脂褐质沉积、分泌细胞减少、神经丘细胞大量丢失。同时甲维盐能够造成视网膜变薄,视细胞的內节/外节丢失,引起视觉障碍。     

Immobilized Lentinus edodes residue as absorbent for the enhancement of cadmium adsorption performance

To investigate the potential use of Lentinus edodes (L. edodes) residue for Cd²⁺ adsorption, poly alcohol Na alginate (PVA) was applied to immobilize it. The parameters including contact time, pH, adsorbent dosages, and coexisting metal ions were studied. The suitable pH for immobilized L. edodes was 4?C7 wider than that for raw L. edodes (pH 6?C7). In the presence of Pb²⁺ concentration varying from 0 to 30 mg·L^?1, the Cd²⁺ adsorption ratios declined by 6.71% and 47.45% for immobilized and raw L. edodes, respectively. While, with the coexisting ion Cu²⁺ concentration varied from 0 to 30 mg·L^?1, the Cd²⁺ adsorption ratios declined by 12.97% and 50.56% for immobilized and raw L. edodes, respectively. The Cd²⁺ adsorption isotherms in single-metal and dual-metal solutions were analyzed by using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. The Cd²⁺ adsorption capacities (q _m) in single-metal solution were 6.448 mg·L^?1 and 2.832 mg·L^?1 for immobilized and raw L. edodes, respectively. The q _m of immobilized L. edodes were 1.850 mg Cd·g^?1 in Cd²⁺ + Pb²⁺ solution and 3.961 mg Cd·g^?1 in Cd²⁺ + Cu²⁺ solution, respectively. The Cd²⁺ adsorption processes subjected to both adsorbents follow pseudo-second-order model. Mechanism study showed the functional group of L. edodes was -OH, -NH, -CO, and PVA played an important role in metal adsorbing. Mining wastewater treatment test showed that PVA-SA-immobilized L. edodes was effective in mixed pollutant treatment even for wastewater containing metal ions in very low concentration.