共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 484 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
用已构建的可降解有机磷酸酯等杀虫药剂的转解毒酶基因工程菌,测定了对特异性底物--乙酸萘酯---NA-和--乙酸萘酯---NA-的分解作用,证明该工程菌高效地表达了解毒酶基因.将该工程菌细胞固定化后,通过对--NA和--NA的降解实验,测定了固定化细胞的酶活.用固定化细胞降解有机氯酸酯类的三氯杀虫酯-7504-、拟除虫菊酯类的溴氰菊酯和有机磷酸酯类的毒死蜱,结果表明,固定化细胞对该3类杀虫剂均具有一定的降解效果.用转解毒酶基因工程菌喂有机磷中毒的鸡,表明该转解毒酶基因工程菌对有机磷中毒的鸡,无论是急性中毒还是慢性中毒都有较明显的解毒作用. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
敌敌畏农药是一种广泛使用的中等毒性的有机磷农药,采用传统方法测定难以满足现场测定的需要。试验以戊二醛为交联剂制备了一种基于丁酰胆碱脂酶的ISFET(离子敏场效应管)生物传感器,并将其应用于敌敌畏的测定,考察了不同pH值、底物浓度、抑制时间等对传感器响应(电压)值的影响,得到了最佳测定条件。 相似文献
10.
用不同浓度的喜旱莲子草水浸液处理钉螺24h,观察其灭螺效果,并用聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳技术比较研究了水浸液对钉螺酯酶同工酶的影响,结果表明:钉螺头足部肌肉的酯酶同工酶在低浓度(0.01g/L)时,活性较强,随水浸液处理浓度升高,活性迅速降低;而肝脏的酯酶同工酶在中等浓度(0.1g/L)时,活性最强,高浓度时(1g/L)有些酶带发生分解、消失。钉螺的死亡率则随着处理浓度的提高,急剧增大。喜旱莲子草干粉水浸液对钉螺酯酶同工酶影响明显,是引起钉螺中毒死亡的原因之一。这为喜旱莲子草作为新型植物灭螺剂的开发打下基础。 相似文献
11.
北京市市售鸡蛋和鸭蛋中全氟化合物的污染水平研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
研究了北京市市售蛋类中全氟化合物的污染水平.分别对14个主要蛋类批发市场中59个摊位的鸡蛋和鸭蛋进行了样品采集,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)对17种全氟化合物(11种全氟羧酸盐、3种全氟磺酸盐、1种全氟磺酰胺和2种氟化调聚酸)进行了系统性分析.结果表明北京市市售鸡蛋和鸭蛋样品中均存在一定浓度的全氟化合物污染,其中鸡蛋中共检出9种全氟化合物,以全氟壬酸(PFNA)、全氟庚酸(PFHpA)和全氟辛酸(PFOA)为主,平均含量分别为0.105、0.073和0.069 ng·g-1;鸭蛋中共检出10种全氟化合物,以全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和PFOA为主,平均含量分别为0.378ng·g-1和0.296 ng·g-1.鸡蛋和鸭蛋中均未检出全氟戊酸(PFPeA)、全氟十四酸(PFTA)、全氟丁烷磺酸(PFBS)和8:2饱和调聚酸(FOEA).鸭蛋中总PFCs约是鸡蛋的3.4倍.鸡蛋中PFNA和PFHpA之间(r=0.954)以及鸭蛋中全氟十一酸(PFUnDA)和全氟十三酸(PFTrDA)之间(r=0.915)均存在较强的正相关性.对人体健康风险评价结果显示,北京市市售鸡蛋和鸭蛋中PFOS和PFOA污染水平不会对北京市居民产生即时危害. 相似文献
12.
Lingyun Wang Gangdou Ding Zhiguang Zhou Xun Liu Yixiao Wang Heidi Qunhui Xie Tuan Xu Pu Wang Bin Zhao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(1):165-172
The health risk of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) to human being should be assessed regularly. To evaluate the contamination levels in various food products in the Chinese market and to assess the dietary exposure of the Chinese population, 11 varieties of food groups totaling 634 samples including beef and mutton, chicken and duck, pork, fish and seafood, milk and dairy products were evaluated. The average concentrations of PCDD/Fs in all groups ranged from 0.291 to 8.468 pg/g whole weight (w.w.). The average toxic equivalency concentrations were from 0.012 pg TEQ/g w.w. for cereal to 0.367 pg TEQ/g fat for marine oil. OCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF were the dominant congeners in foodstuffs. The dietary estimated mean intake for the Chinese rural and urban populations were 0.656 and 0.514 pg TEQ/kg body weight/day, respectively, however, the cereal group exposure were higher to the estimate daily intake and contributed 81% for rural and 48% for urban population, followed by fish and seafood which contributed 4% and 16% to the estimate daily intake. The estimated dietary intakes were compared with the toxicological reference values and showed that both rural and urban populations were well below those values. 相似文献
13.
14.
乐果对土壤中酶活性和微生物数量的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
农药对土壤微生物及酶活性的影响,已成为不少国家评价农药使用安全性的重要指标,该文就乐果对土壤中酶活性及微生物数量的影响进行了初步研究。结果表明,乐果对土壤中酸性磷酸酶的影响较大,中性磷酸酶受影响小些;脱氢酶的变化趋势虽与酸性磷酸酶相仿,而受影响程度更大些;乐果对土壤微生物数量的变化影响不大。总之,乐果对土壤微生物及酶活性有一定抑制作用,但恢复较快,这有利于乐果在土壤中的降解。 相似文献
15.
16.
Biotransfer of heavy metals along a soil-plant-insect-chicken food chain:Field study 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The study investigated the accumulation and transfer of Pb,Zn,Cu,and Cd along a soil-plant-insect-chicken food chain at contaminated sites.The study site nearing the Pb/Zn mine had been contaminated by heavy metals severely.Cadmium and Pb concentrations steadily declined with increasing trophic level (p<0.01),but concentrations of Zn and Cu slightly increased from plant to insect larva (p>0.05).The concentrations of heavy metals were the highest in chicken muscle,with lower values in liver and blood.Bioaccumulation of Pb was observed in the chicken livers.The eliminations of Pb,Zn,Cu,and Cd via insect and chicken feces avoid metal bioaccumulation in insect and chicken body.These results suggest that the accumulation of heavy metals in specific animal organ of tissues could not be neglected,although transfer of metals to chicken from plant and insect is limited. 相似文献
17.
作为持久性有毒污染物的二噁英类物质(PCDD/Fs),无论是直接暴露还是间接暴露,都会对人类健康产生极大的危害。为了更好地反映PCDD/Fs对人体的暴露状况,总结了目前PCDD/Fs在大气、水体、食物中的污染现状以及职业暴露风险。详细对比了国内外典型工业化城市空气中PCDD/Fs的毒性当量浓度。结果表明:我国广州等市PCDD/Fs的污染水平仍处高位,给居民健康带来了巨大的安全隐患。针对水体中的PCDD/Fs,目前我国缺乏具有代表性的数据,但通过对比洞庭湖淡水样品(0.28 pg-TEQ/L)与日本地下水PCDD/Fs平均毒性当量浓度(0.055 pg-TEQ/L)发现,我国部分水体已经受到污染。饮食为一般人群PCDD/Fs暴露的主要途径,通过对越南Bien Hoa和Da Nang地区食物中PCDD/Fs浓度进行评估,发现放养式鸡的肉蛋类、淡水鱼、蜗牛以及牛肉为PCDD/Fs污染风险高的食物,而圈养式鸡的肉蛋类、海鲜、猪肉、多叶蔬菜、水果、水稻等食物中PCDD/Fs的浓度相对较低。总结了大量针对职业暴露后人群的血液及头发等典型生物标志物中的PCDD/Fs浓度,发现其比一般人群高出数倍,表明相关主要排放行业的管理机制尚不完善。建议从以下方面开展PCDD/Fs的污染防治和长期监管:逐步建立PCDD/Fs不同排放源于不同环境介质的排放限值以及管理政策;重点区域逐步开展PCDD/Fs排放总量控制试点工作;逐步更新完善我国主要行业PCDD/Fs排放清单;开发简易、快速且价格低廉的分析方法和暴露监测技术;民众应该提高自我保护意识,调整饮食结构,并提高知情权意识。 相似文献
18.
Oral administration of arsenic trioxide(3 and 6 mg/kg body weight/d) for 30 d caused, as compared with vehicle control, dose-dependent significant reductions in body weight, absolute weight, protein, glycogen, as well as, total, dehydro and reduced ascorbic acid contents both in the liver and kidney of arsenic-treated mice. Succinic dehydrogenase(SDH) and phosphorylase only in the liver activities were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Acid phosphatase activity was significantly decreased in the liver of low dose arsenic-treated animals;however, significant rise in its activity was observed in high dose group. As compared with vehicle control, treatment also caused significant dose-dependent reductions in SDH, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities in the kidney of mice. Vitamin E cotreatment as well as, 30 d withdrawal of arsenic trioxide treatment with or without vitamin E caused significant amelioration in arsenic-induced toxicity in mice. Administration of vitamin E during withdrawal of treatment also caused significant amelioration as compared from only withdrawal of the treatment. It is concluded that vitamin E ameliorates arsenic-induced toxicities in the liver and kidney of mice. 相似文献