V2O5/TiO2催化剂中毒机理的试验研究

选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂是SCR烟气脱硝技术的核心,是整个SCR系统脱硝效率和经济性的决定因素.本文工作的主要研究思路是以钒钛SCR催化剂为研究对象,研究了H2O和SO2,以及相同含量下K、Na、Ca、Pb的氧化物对钒钛催化剂NO转化率的影响.H2O的存在会抑制V2O5/TiO2催化剂脱硝活性,而SO2在一定程度上促进(V2O5/TiO2)催化剂的SCR脱硝反应,提高NO转化率;碱金属K对钒钛催化剂的钝化作用都是最强,K2O和Na2O的掺入会抑制钒钛催化剂上V2O5的还原能力,而CaO和PbO的掺入对钒钛催化剂上V2O5的还原能力影响较小.     

V2O5-WO3/TiO2脱硝催化剂的制备及其性能

对选择性催化还原脱硝用催化剂V2O5-WO3/TiO2的制备工艺进行了实验研究.采用溶胶-凝胶法制得TiO2凝胶,对凝胶进行不同条件下的干燥和煅烧处理,然后通过浸渍法在TiO2上依次负载WO3和V2O5,最终得到V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂.结果表明,TiO2凝胶的处理温度对催化剂结构和脱除NO的性能有一定的影响,TiO2凝胶干燥温度为105 ℃时制得的催化剂活性较高,在实验条件下NO脱除率最高可达98.3%.     

V2O5/TiO2催化剂用于烟气同时脱硫脱硝的研究

研究了用V2O5/TiO2催化剂同时脱除烟气中的SO2和NO,考察了H2还原温度及其它反应条件对SO2和NO脱除率的影响。结果表明,经H2还原后所制得的V2O5/TiO2催化剂可以提高脱硫脱硝活性,最佳还原温度为700℃;在450～500℃的烟气温度范围内,该催化剂有较佳的脱硫脱硝活性;在相同反应温度下,空速越大,SO2和NO的脱除率越低;烟气中的氧气可大大提高V2O5/TiO2的脱硫脱硝活性,且氧气体积含量在5%～10%范围内变化时,对SO2和NO脱除率的影响较小。     

V-W/TiO_2/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂催化还原NO的研究

掺杂15%TiO2对γ-Al2O3改性制备了TiO2/γ-Al2O3复合氧化物载体,以此复合氧化物及TiO2、γ-Al2O3为载体用浸渍法负载钒钨制备了一系列催化剂,采用比表面积和孔结构分析、X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨电镜(HRTEM)、原位红外(in situ FT-IR)等技术对载体和催化剂进行宏观-微观表征,同时在模拟氨气选择性催化还原NO(NH3-SCR)的反应条件下对催化剂的脱硝反应活性进行考察,比较研究TiO2掺杂对V2O5-WO3/TiO2和V2O5-WO3/γ-Al2O3催化剂的改性作用。结果发现,少量TiO2掺杂制得的TiO2/γ-Al2O3复合载体中,TiO2和γ-Al2O3之间的协同作用使得V2O5-WO3/TiO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂的选择性催化还原脱硝效率及活性窗口明显优于单一载体制备的催化剂,并表现出了良好的热稳定性;各种表征结果表明,TiO2/γ-Al2O3复合载体中TiO2高度分散在γ-Al2O3上,复合载体具有较大的比表面积,载体表面存在大量的Br?nsted酸位和较多的活性中间产物,这些可能是TiO2/γ-Al2O3复合载体催化剂具有较好SCR活性的原因。     

TiO2改性银铝催化剂选择性丙烯还原NOx硫失活机制研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备4%Ag/Al2O3、4%Ag/10%TiO2-Al2O3催化剂.利用N2物理吸附、氮氧化物/二氧化硫程序升温脱附(NOx/SO2-TPD)以及普通/原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR/DRIFTs)对催化剂进行表征,并探讨催化剂在含硫气氛前后选择性还原NOx活性的变化及中毒机理.结果表明在4%Ag/Al2O3催化剂中掺杂10%TiO2能提高催化剂的中低温活性以及在400℃下抗SO2中毒的能力.TiO2引入后可促进甲酸盐物种的形成从而有利于低温反应的进行;SO2与NO在同一活性位上出现的竞争吸附以及活性组分Ag的硫酸化是4%Ag/Al2O3催化剂失活的重要原因;TiO2的加入能促进NO在催化剂表面的吸附并能减弱其对SO2的吸附,同时能有效抑制活性组分Ag的硫酸化,从而提高催化剂的抗硫性.     

H_2O和SO_2对Cr-Ce/TiO_2催化氧化NO性能的影响

采用浸渍法在最佳制备条件下制备了新型Cr-Ce/TiO2催化剂,并对催化剂进行了BET和XRD表征.同时,考察了反应温度、H2O和SO2对该催化剂催化氧化NO性能的影响,并对中毒催化剂进行了FT-IR分析,讨论了中毒机理.结果表明,Cr-Ce/TiO2催化剂具有良好的NO氧化活性,在空速为10000h-1、O2体积分数8%(φ)、NO进口体积分数700×10-6条件下,反应温度250℃时NO转化率可达到59.7%,330℃时NO转化率可达到最大值80.7%.单独加入10%(φ)H2O或300×10-6(φ)SO2都可使催化剂活性降低,但在较高温度时影响较小.330℃下单独通入SO2和同时通入H2O与SO210h后,由于催化剂表面生成了少量硫酸盐和亚硫酸盐,活性下降并维持在62.4%左右,能够满足对NOx进行高效吸收的要求;停止通入H2O和SO2后,催化剂活性恢复到71.6%,加热处理后活性能进一步恢复到78.5%.该催化剂具有比文献中报道的其它NO氧化催化剂更强的抗H2O和SO2毒化能力.     

超声波浸渍法制备V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2选择性催化还原脱硝催化剂

采用超声波浸渍法、传统浸渍法制备一系列V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂,对催化剂的反应活性进行考察。研究表明:与普通浸渍法相比,超声波浸渍法可以提高催化剂的脱硝效率,拓宽催化反应的温度窗口。超声波浸渍时间和超声波功率对催化剂的反应活性有较大影响。浸渍时间增加,催化剂脱硝效率也随之提高。超声波功率增加,催化剂的脱硝效率先提高后降低。在超声波频率28 kHz,超声波功率400 W,超声作用时间1.5 h,超声水粉比为100 mL H2O/10 g TiO2的条件下,制得的V2O5-WO3/TiO2脱硝催化剂脱硝效率接近100%。通过SEM对制备的催化剂进行表征,超声波浸渍法制备的催化剂的活性成分在载体上分散更加均匀。     

燃煤电厂商用SCR脱硝催化剂的失活机理及再生

对燃煤电站运行3年的失活脱硝催化剂进行失活机理分析和再生研究。失活机理研究表明:飞灰磨蚀和堵塞,以及碱金属K和Na中毒是该燃煤电站催化剂失活的主要原因;其次,少量硫酸盐在催化剂表面沉积降低其活性。分别采用水洗再生、硫酸酸洗再生和钒活性液浸渍再生工艺处理,结果表明:水洗再生脱硝活性可提升12%左右,酸洗再生可提升20%左右。采用多次浸渍法对预处理失活催化剂进行钒活性液浸渍再生,脱硝效率进一步提升,最高脱硝率达到99%。     

V2O5/TiO2催化剂脱除NO的研究

采用了等体积浸渍法制备二氧化钛负载钒氧化物催化剂（V2O5/TiO2）,研究了V2O5负载量、反应温度、烟气流量、氨氮比以及运行时间各因素对NH3选择性催化还原NO反应（SCR）效率的影响.研究结果表明：经过500℃温度下煅烧,烟气流量为200ml/min,负载量为7wt％的V2O5/TiO2催化剂,在400℃温度下反应,NO脱除率可达70.5％.     

Ag/Al2O3催化剂用于碳氢化合物选择性还原NO

比较了富氧条件下CH4、C3H8、C3H6和C2H5OH分别用作还原剂时,NO在Ag/Al2O3催化剂上的还原活性.结果表明, CH4和C3H8还原NO的活性很低,而C3H6和C2H5OH能有效地还原NO.在此基础上,研究了H2O和SO2对C3H6和C2H5OH在Ag/Al2O3催化剂上还原NO活性的影响.结果表明,H2O的存在会降低低温区的NO还原活性,而且这种影响是可逆的.将H2O 和SO2同时加入反应混合气,引起NO还原活性较大幅度降低,结合程序升温脱附实验结果,认为可能是由于存在SO2时,Ag/Al2O3催化剂吸附NO的能力降低.     

NH3-SCR performance and the resistance to SO2 for Nb doped vanadium based catalyst at low temperatures

Niobium oxide as the promoter was doped in the V/WTi catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO.The results showed that the addition of Nb_2O_5could improve the SCR activity at low temperatures and the 6 wt.%additive was an appropriate dosage.The enhanced reaction activity of adsorbed ammonia species and the improved dispersion of vanadium oxide might be the reasons for the elevation of SCR activity at low temperatures.The resistances to SO_2of 3V6Nb/WTi catalyst at different temperatures were investigated.FTIR spectrum and TG-FTIR result indicated that the deposition of ammonium sulfate species was the main deactivation reason at low temperatures,which still exhibited the reactivity with NO above 200°C on the catalyst surface.There was a synergistic effect among NH_3,H_2O and SO_2that NH_3and H_2O both accelerated the catalyst deactivation in the presence of SO_2at 175°C.The thermal treatment at 400°C could regenerate the deactivated catalyst and get SCR activity recovered.The particle and monolith catalysts both kept stable NO_xconversion at 225°C with high concentration of H_2O and SO_2during the long time tests.     

Effect of TiO2 surface properties on the scr activity of Nox emission abatement catalysis

NOx emission abatement catalysts V2O5 supported on variousTiO2 including anatase, rutile and mixture of both have beeninvestigated with various physico-chemical measurements such asBET, NH3-TPD, NARP, XRD and so on, and the effect of TiO2 surfaceproperties on the SCR activity of V2O5/TiO2 catalysts was studied.It has been found that the TiO2 surface properties had strongaffect on the SCR activity of V2O5/TiO2 catalysts. The strongeracidic property resulted the higher exposure of active sites aswell as the higher SCR activity.     

Effect of TiO2 surface properties on the SCR activity of NOx emission abatement catalyst

NOx emission abatement catalysts V2O5 supported on various TiO2 including anatase, rutile and mixture of both were investigated with various physico-chemical measurements such as BET, NH3-TPD, NARP, XRD and so on, and the effect of TiO2 surface properties on the SCR (selective catalytic reduction) activity of V20s/TiO2 catalysts was studied. It was found that the TiO2 surface properties had strong affect on the SCR activity of V2Os/TiO2 catalysts. The stronger acidic property resulted in the higher exposure of active sites as well as the higher SCR activity.     

钒和钨负载量对V2O5-WO3/TiO2表面形态及催化性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了一系列不同钒和钨负载量的V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂催化剂样品,对样品NH₃选择性催化还原NO性能进行了评价,并用BET、XRD、XPS等手段对催化剂样品的表面形态进行了表征.研究发现,钒的负载量对催化剂的比表面积和催化活性有显著影响,当钒负载量从1％升高到8％时,催化剂比表面积下降了16 m²/g,最高活性温度降低了约100℃.钨起到稳定剂和助剂的双重作用,当钒负载量为1％时,钨负载量从0升高到6％,催化剂比表面积仅下降了3 m²/g,而活性温度窗口向高温和低温各拓宽了约50℃.研究表明钒和钨负载量都能影响催化剂表面的VO_x物种,但对催化剂的表面晶型没有明显影响.     

Iron-doped Mn-Ce/TiO2 catalyst for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

The catalysts of iron-doped Mn-Ce/TiO 2(Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2) prepared by sol-gel method were investigated for low temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO with NH 3.It was found that the NO conversion over Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 was obviously improved after iron doping compared with that over Mn-Ce/TiO 2.Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 with the molar ratio of Fe/Ti = 0.1 exhibited the highest activity.The results showed that 96.8% NO conversion was obtained over Fe(0.1)-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 at 180°C at a space velocity of 50,000 hr 1.Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 exhibited much higher resistance to H 2 O and SO 2 than that of Mn-Ce/TiO 2.The properties of the catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),N 2 adsorption,temperature programmed desorption(NH 3-TPD and NOx-TPD),and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) techniques.BET,NH3-TPD and NOx-TPD results showed that the specific surface area and NH3 and NOx adsorption capacity of the catalysts increased with iron doping.It was known from XPS analysis that iron valence state on the surface of the catalysts were in Fe3+ state.The doping of iron enhanced the dispersion and oxidation state of Mn and Ce on the surface of the catalysts.The oxygen concentrations on the surface of the catalysts were found to increase after iron doping.Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO2 represented a promising catalyst for low temperature SCR of NO with NH3 in the presence of H2 O and SO2.     

添加硫酸根对燃煤电厂V2O5基脱硝催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍法分别制得活性物质V2O5的含量均为1%和SO2-4的含量不同的催化剂,并通过实验研究了添加SO-24对燃煤电厂SCR法脱硝技术中V2O5基催化剂活性和热稳定性的影响.在固定床反应器上,在NH3/NOx物质的量比为1.0和模拟烟气流量为72 L·h-1条件下,对几种催化剂的活性进行了测试,结果显示,当负载加入5.01%的SO2-4或使用含有8.91%的SO-24载体制备催化剂时,催化剂的活性提高最为显著;在TGA 92热重.差热分析仪上对这两种催化剂进行了热重实验,结果表明,添加的硫酸根对催化剂的热稳定性也有一定提高,且不会影响电厂SCR催化剂的使用.     

Ce掺杂低钒V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂脱除烟气元素汞的研究

制备了Ce掺杂的低矾V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂催化剂,在模拟燃煤烟气条件下开展Hg⁰的脱除实验.结果表明该催化剂具有很好的Hg⁰脱除能力,在200～500℃的温度范围内能脱除烟气中95%的Hg⁰.催化剂表征结果表明,比表面积、 孔容和孔径与汞脱除能力没有显著相关性.XPS的结果表明,催化剂表面的Ce是以Ce⁴⁺的形式存在,有利于Hg⁰的脱除反应.抗硫抗水实验表明,H₂O会轻微抑制Hg⁰的脱除反应,主要原因是H₂O和Hg⁰在样品表面的竞争吸附;SO₂会促进Hg⁰的脱除反应,原因是SO₂能增加样品表面的酸吸附位且增加表面Hg⁰的吸附量.     

Simultaneous removal of NO and dichloromethane（CH2Cl2） over Nb-loaded cerium nanotubes catalyst

Herein, a series of niobium oxide supported cerium nanotubes（Ce NTs） catalysts with different loading amount of Nb₂O₅（0–10 wt.%） were prepared and used for selective catalytic reduction of NOxwith NH₃（NH₃-SCR） in the presence of CH₂Cl₂. Commercial V₂O₅-WO₃-TiO₂ catalyst was also prepared for comparison. The physcial properties and chemical properties of the Nb₂O₅ lo...