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秸秆高分子复合材料制备研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着世界经济的快速发展和人类生活水平的提高,环境材料及其产品的需求量日益增长。为发展社会主义新农村建设,减少森林的砍伐,保护生态环境,本实验采用农田废弃作物的秸秆与不饱和聚酯混合,制造复合型建筑材料。本实验采用玉米秸秆纤维作为纤维增强体,以不饱和聚酯树脂为基体(即胶粘剂),加入促进剂与固化剂后一同注入模具中,最终成型。分析了秸秆含量、加热温度、添加剂等因素对复合材料的影响,同时讨论了本实验的材料及实验操作所存在的问题。 相似文献
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综述了城市垃圾的处理和综合利用动态 ,提出了用复合材料概念来进行城市垃圾资源化的原理 ,并进行了技术经济分析 相似文献
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分别用废电路板(WPCB)非金属材料、回收的玻璃纤维作为增强材料,采用熔融共混方法制备聚丙烯(PP)复合材料,分析对比2种增强材料的力学性能、熔体流动速率及缺口冲击断面。结果表明:使用添加剂增强的PP复合材料的各项力学性能均有所提升,其中非金属材料作添加剂使拉伸强度最大增幅达到15.5%,回收的玻璃纤维作添加剂使弯曲强度和熔体流动速率最大增幅分别达到58.4%和62.0%,但韧性也有所下降。因此,合理分配使用WPCB非金属材料、回收的玻璃纤维作为PP增强填料,不但可以减轻危险废物对环境的压力,实现资源再利用;而且降低了复合材料成本。 相似文献
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研究以粉煤灰、沸石、膨润土为骨架,工业淀粉为粘结剂混合造粒,以偶氮废水为降解对象,详细探讨了各组分配比及焙烧温度对偶氮废水脱色率的影响.m(粉煤灰)∶m(沸石)=3∶7,另加入质量分数分别为10%的粘结剂、35%的膨润土和50%的H2O,600℃焙烧2h的条件下,复合材料的散失率为0.89%,对偶氮废水的脱色率为92.56%. 相似文献
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提出了复合材料废弃物与各单一组分材料废弃物的区别 ,并分类介绍了复合材料废弃后的资源化现状 ,以及此资源化问题的研究对于今后复合材料发展的影响与意义 相似文献
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目的制备一种新型功能化离子液体修饰层状复合材料,研究其对L-酪氨酸(L-Tyr)的电催化氧化行为。方法通过静电自组装方式将氮氧自由基功能化离子液体(TEMPO-IL)与钙铌酸钾(KCa_2Nb_3O_(10))进行复合,并运用XRD,FTIR,SEM,HRTEM等测试手段对所作材料的微观形貌和结构进行分析表征。另外,将其作为电极修饰剂修饰于电极表面通过电化学工作站测试其电化学性质。结果该修饰电极对于电催化氧化L-Tyr有着较高的电化学活性。同时实验还表明,当L-Tyr的浓度在1×10~(-4)~1.16×10~(-2) mol/L之间时,峰电流值与L-Tyr浓度呈良好的线性相关,检测下限为6.2×10~(-5) mol/L(信噪比为3)。结论静电自组装是一种能够快捷、高效的制备层状复合材料方法,且得到的复合材料显示出在生物传感器方面的应用前景。 相似文献
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关于气相色谱法测定水中丙烯酰胺的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究并建立了毛细柱气相色谱-微池电子捕获检测器测定水中丙烯酰胺的方法。水样中丙烯酰胺经溴化衍生后,用乙酸乙酯萃取,经气相色谱法分析,取l00ml水样时方法检出限为0.017μg/L。丙烯酰胺在0.50~12.50μg/L范围内线性良好,在低、中、高3个添加水平,平均加标回收率为99.3%~114%,相对标准偏差为0.4%-3.5%。本方法准确度高、精密度好,适用于水中丙烯酰胺测定。 相似文献
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Ti-Zn催化剂合成及降解卷烟厂蒸叶废水的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用溶胶-凝胶与水热相结合的方法合成了Ti-Zn复合催化剂,借助XRD、SEM、BET、UV-Vis等多种技术对其进行了表征,并将其用于卷烟厂蒸叶废水的光催化处理,考察了Ti-Zn比及投放量对催化剂光催化活性的影响规律。XRD分析表明,复合催化剂X射线衍射谱图中出现锐钛矿相TiO2的特征衍射峰,说明复合催化剂中的Ti以TiO2晶体形式存在,但谱图中并没有出现ZnO的特征衍射峰;UV-Vis吸收光谱表明,复合催化剂相比纳米TiO2其在紫外光区的吸收增强,即复合催化剂对光具有更高的利用率,但Ti-Zn比对复合催化剂吸收光谱影响不大。光催化实验表明,Ti-Zn复合催化剂的光催化活性明显高于纳米TiO2催化剂,且其光催化活性与Ti-Zn比及催化剂投放量有关,随着掺杂量及投放量的增加光催化活性均表现出了先增后降的变化趋势,当Ti-Zn比为10:1(摩尔比),投放量为1000mg/L左右时Ti-Zn复合催化剂对卷烟厂蒸叶废水表现出了较好的处理效果,废水COD去除率达到76.7%。 相似文献
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Humic acid superabsorbent polymer (P(AA/AM-HA)) and superabsorbent polymer (P(AA/AM)) were synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization method using acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM) and humic acid (HA) as raw material. The effects of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) crosslinking agent, potassium peroxydisulfate (KPS) initiator, reaction temperature, HA content, ratio of AA to AM, concentration of monomer and neutralization of AA on water absorption were investigated. Absorption and desorption ratios of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer were also investigated by determination of absorption and desorption ratio of NH4+, PO43- on P(AA/AM-HA) and P(AA/AM). The P(AA/AM-HA) and P(AA/AM) were characterized by Fourier translation infrared spectroscopy, biological photomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimal conditions obtained were as follows: the weight ratio of MBA to AA and AM was 0.003; the weight ratio of KPS to AA and AM was 0.008; the weight ratio of HA to AA was 0.1; the mole ratio of AM to AA is 0.1; the mole ratio of NaOH to AA is 0.9; the reaction temperature was 60℃. P(AA/AMHA) synthesized under optimal conditions, has a good saline tolerance, its water absorbency in distilled water and 0.9 wt.% saline solution is 1180 g/g and 110 g/g, respectively. P(AA/AM-HA) achieves half saturation in 6.5 min. P(AA/AM-HA) is superior to P(AA/AM) on absorption of NH4+, PO43-. The SEM micrograph of P(AA/AM-HA) shows a fine alveolate structure. The biological optical microscope micrograph of P(AA/AM-HA) shows a network structure. Graft polymerization between P(AA/AM) and HA was demonstrated by infrared spectrum. The P(AA/AM-HA) superabsorbent has better absorbing ability of water and fertilizer, electrolytic tolerance and fewer cost than P(AA/AM) superabsorbent. 相似文献
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Humic acid superabsorbent polymer (P(AA/AM-HA)) and superabsorbent polymer (P(AA/AM)) were synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization method using acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM) and humic acid (HA) as raw material. The effects of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) crosslinking agent, potassium peroxydisulfate (KPS) initiator, reaction temperature, HA content, ratio of AA to AM, concentration of monomer and neutralization of AA on water absorption were investigated. Absorption and desorption ratios of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer were also investigated by determination of absorption and desorption ratio of NH4+, PO43? on P(AA/AM-HA) and P(AA/AM). The P(AA/AM-HA) and P(AA/AM) were characterized by Fourier translation infrared spectroscopy, biological photomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimal conditions obtained were as follows: the weight ratio of MBA to AA and AM was 0.003; the weight ratio of KPS to AA and AM was 0.008; the weight ratio of HA to AA was 0.1; the mole ratio of AM to AA is 0.1; the mole ratio of NaOH to AA is 0.9; the reaction temperature was 60°C. P(AA/AM-HA) synthesized under optimal conditions, has a good saline tolerance, its water absorbency in distilled water and 0.9 wt.% saline solution is 1180 g/g and 110 g/g, respectively. P(AA/AM-HA) achieves half saturation in 6.5 min. P(AA/AM-HA) is superior to P(AA/AM) on absorption of NH4+, PO43?. The SEM micrograph of P(AA/AM-HA) shows a fine alveolate structure. The biological optical microscope micrograph of P(AA/AM-HA) shows a network structure. Graft polymerization between P(AA/AM) and HA was demonstrated by infrared spectrum. The P(AA/AM-HA) superabsorbent has better absorbing ability of water and fertilizer, electrolytic tolerance and fewer cost than P(AA/AM) superabsorbent. 相似文献
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纤维素分解菌复合系MC1分解木薯淀粉厂残渣 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
木薯渣木质纤维素含量较高,是有开发潜力的生物质资源,目前,木薯渣主要用来生产饲料和酒精.用其进行甲烷发酵也是很有前景的应用途径,但是木薯渣含水量大,颗粒分散,不利于固体发酵.利用纤维素分解细菌复合系MC1分解木薯渣,可将其转化为可溶的小分子有机物,提高其甲烷发酵效率.在分解过程中测定了木薯渣各成分的减少和分解产物.结果显示,经18 d分解,木薯渣的总干重减少了47.3%,其中纤维素减少了22.7%,半纤维素减少了90.4%,木质素减少了11.3%,其总分解量的85%在前6 d被分解.MC1分解木薯渣过程中可溶性物质总含量开始为18%,3 d后达到最高,为33%.GC-MS测定挥发性产物的总量在培养6 d后达到最高,挥发性产物共检测出12种,其中量较大的化合物为乙醇、乙酸、乙二醇、丁酸及甘油,这些产物为甲烷发酵菌可直接利用或者容易转化为甲烷菌直接利用的成分.因此利用MC1分解木薯渣作为甲烷发酵的前发酵手段将很有应用前景. 相似文献
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炼油厂碱渣的治理与综合利用 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
余伟 《石油化工环境保护》2001,24(2):43-45
从武汉石化厂碱渣来源分析碱渣污染物特征和游离碱浓度,概述并浅析目前国内碱渣处理工艺,重点介绍我厂减渣治理中源头控制,分质处理,二次利用的环保效益和经济效益并重的工作思路及碱渣治理的实践。 相似文献
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TiO2/ZnO光催化降解四环素的研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
以太阳光、汞灯为光源,TiO2/ZnO复合半导体为催化剂处理四环素溶液,探讨了催化剂的配比、溶液体积、光照时间、pH、初始浓度、光强等6种因素对光催化活性的影响,比较了汞灯和太阳光作光源时的光催化效果,结果表明,用太阳光作光源时光催化效果也较好。 相似文献