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1.
环境规制往往面临规制失灵的困境,而信息不对称是规制失灵的重要原因。环境信息是一种重要的环境规制工具,可以改变环境规制能力不足与规制意愿不足的问题。在大数据条件下,环境信息可以降低政府环境规制成本,实现环境规制的互动。随着技术的发展,环境大数据对环境规制会发挥更加积极的作用,并促进环境规制向精准规制、反身性规制、整体性规制的方向发展,有效地提高环境规制的绩效。  相似文献   

2.
污染型环境犯罪具有复杂、时间长、举证难的特点,运用传统刑法必然因果关系理论难以确定因果关系。疫学因果关系推定法建立在大量的客观统计数据之上,根据四大推定原则来进行因果关系推理,有利于认定污染型环境犯罪的因果关系,但是又存在\"高度盖然性\"标准不明和容易被主观干扰等缺陷。结合我国实际情况,建议有原则地在污染型环境犯罪中引入疫学因果关系推定。  相似文献   

3.
污染型环境犯罪具有复杂、时间长、举证难的特点,运用传统刑法必然因果关系理论难以确定因果关系。疫学因果关系推定法建立在大量的客观统计数据之上,根据四大推定原则来进行因果关系推理,有利于认定污染型环境犯罪的因果关系,但是又存在“高度盖然性”标准不明和容易被主观干扰等缺陷。结合我国实际情况,建议有原则地在污染型环境犯罪中引入疫学因果关系推定。  相似文献   

4.
基于环境犯罪的特殊性与恢复性司法的目标,以当前环境犯罪适用恢复性司法的现状为切入点,明确学界对在环境犯罪领域中适用恢复性司法在案件适用范围以及被害人确定问题上存在争议。为此,在理性分析当前环境犯罪的犯罪化与刑罚关系,同时对被害人进行理性划定的基础上,指出在环境犯罪领域中适用恢复性司法应当适当扩大案件适用范围、完善救济对象与方式。  相似文献   

5.
ABSTRACT: The environmental effects of flood control channel modifications such as clearing and snagging, straightening, enlargement, and/or paving can be quite severe in some cases. Information review reveals that several environmental features have been incorporated into the design, construction, operation, or maintenance of recent flood control channel projects to avoid adverse environmental impacts and enhance environmental quality. Typically, these features have been proposed by conservation agencies and designed with minimal quantitative analysis. Environmental features for channel projects include selective clearing and snagging techniques, channel designs with nonuniform geometry such as single bank modification and floodways, restoration and enhancement of aquatic habitat, improved techniques for placement of excavated material, and revegetation.  相似文献   

6.
我国农村环保工作起步晚、基础差、保障不足,主要表现为政策标准体系尚需完善、农业农村污染治理责任仍未充分落实、适应农村社会经济特点的环境监管机制亟待建立、农业农村污染治理模式欠缺以及农村环境保护技术帮扶和宣传教育任重道远。针对这些问题,结合国内外实践经验,本文提出几点建议:一是要建立全面协调的农村生态环境管理政策体系;二是要夯实各级政府和部门的农村环保责任;三是要构建适应农村特点的环境监管体系;四是要探索便捷有效的农村环境治理模式;五是要完善农村环境教育和帮扶体系。  相似文献   

7.
8.
为了更好地惩治环境犯罪,我国《刑法》在第六章第六节中规定了\"破坏环境资源保护罪\"。但现有单位环境犯罪刑事责任在司法实践中体现出主体范围不确定、是否适用严格责任原则、刑事责任实现方式不足等问题。可通过确定\"双罚制\"中的责任人员,提高司法效率;引入严格责任原则,减少主观方面认定的困难;增加单位资格刑设置,完善非刑罚措施等解决上述问题,最大限度促进单位环境犯罪的刑事责任的实现。  相似文献   

9.
    
To synthesize the literature on upper echelons theory, regulatory focus theory and the resource‐based view, this study examined the relationship of CEOs' regulatory focus, slack resources and firms' environmental innovation. Through the investigation of 191 manufacturing firms in China, we found that a CEO's promotion focus had a positive influence both on the firm's environmental processes and on product innovation, while a CEO's prevention focus had a negative influence. In addition, slack resources moderated the influence of the CEO's promotion focus on a firm's environmental process innovation in a positive way, while also positively moderating the influence of a CEO's prevention focus on a firm's environmental product innovation. Our results indicated that firms could deploy resources based on the CEOs' regulatory focus to facilitate firms' environmental innovation.  相似文献   

10.
Scenes from the series of multispectral sensors on the Landsat satellites were used to map recent changes (between 1972 and 2004) in forest cover within and adjacent to stream networks of an intensively farmed region of the southern Great Barrier Reef catchment (Australia). Unsupervised ISODATA classifications of Tasseled-Cap transformed data (at 57 m ground resolution) mapped forest and cleared areas within 150 m of Pisoneer catchment waterways with 72.2% overall accuracy (K(hat) = 0.469), when adjusted for the size of each class. Although the user's accuracy was higher for the forest class (82.1 +/- 8.4% at alpha = 0.05), large errors of commission (34.2 +/- 8.3%) substantially affected map accuracy for the cleared class. The main reasons for misclassification include: (1) failure to discriminate narrowly vegetated riparian strips; (2) misregistration of scenes; and (3) spectral similarity of ground cover. Error matrix probabilities were used to adjust the mapped area of classes, resulting in a decline of forest cover by 12.3% and increase of clearing by 18.5% (22.4 km(2) change; 95% confidence interval: 14.3-29.6 km(2)) between 1972 and 2004. Despite the mapping errors, Landsat data were able to identify broad patterns of land cover change that were verified from aerial photography. Most of the forest losses occurred in open forest to woodland habitat dominated by Eucalyptus, Corymbia, and Lophostemon species, which were largely replaced by sugarcane cropping. Melaleuca communities were similarly affected, though they have a much smaller distribution in the catchment.  相似文献   

11.
我国污染场地再利用的开发活动日渐增多,伴随场地的再利用对环境和人体健康造成不良影响的环境事件也愈加频繁。在土壤污染防治立法、相关的土壤环境质量标准与监管制度都欠缺的情况下,针对污染场地再利用环境风险管理的项目规划的失当、环境风险评估指标的缺失及监督管理制度不健全的障碍,应加强区域环评与单项建设项目环评的协调,落实场地监管主体、层级及各自的监管职责,形成环境损害赔偿机制,从而健全场地环境风险管理制度。  相似文献   

12.
农村河流环境污染的经济本质是由于环境“公共物品”属性导致其使用的外部环境不经济,本文把环境问题与经济研究接轨,设计了四种市场化利用模式,把河流厦相关公共物品“特定产权”明晰化,环保责任由政府承包转移到企业或个人,使责任明确化,从而有效对农村河流环境进行长效管理。最后以扬州市汉留镇河道清淤、保洁的市场化做实证分析。  相似文献   

13.
日本与我国在历史上同属传统的东亚小农经济国家,在社会、经济、文化等方面的发展历程和存在的问题具有共通性。日本的农村生态环境管理随社会经济发展不断调整适应,政府也数次推动乡村振兴。对比研究中日两国农村环境管理及其背后的社会经济因素,虽然两国在农村环境管理上有相似性,但也有较大不同,我国不能完全照搬日本的农村环境管理体制机制,必须走一条适应我国国情的特色道路,循序渐进推进农业农村污染防治。在开展农村环保工作的具体举措上,日本也有较多可借鉴之处:一是以完善的法规政策体系保障农村环境管理;二是以精准的财政补贴支撑农村环境管理;三是以科学的规划和技术标准体系服务农村环境管理;四是以规范的行业和市场服务体系推动农村环境管理;五是以亲民务实的环境宣传教育助力农村环境管理。  相似文献   

14.
通过问卷调查法对甘肃省农村居民的环境知识、环境认知、环境保护参与意愿与行为进行了调查与分析。结果表明,甘肃农村居民总体环境知识欠缺,环境意识薄弱;农村居民环境保护的支付意愿受支付额度的影响,环境行为尚有较大的改善空间;较低的文化素质是引起农村环境问题的主要原因之一。甘肃省新农村建设环境保护应做好以下工作:加大教育力度,提高农村居民的整体素质;加大资金投入,加强环境基础设施建设;改变不合理的生产生活方式,加强各方面的监督和管理。  相似文献   

15.
城镇化是推动我国经济社会发展的重要动力,在高速发展的同时,带来大量污染排放,威胁乡村环境质量与可持续发展。在对乡村生态环境问题剖析的基础上,从战略、实施、方式等层面探索解决思路,围绕科学规划、发展方式、基础建设、管理机制、宣传教育等方面分析关键点,加强乡村环境保护,保障城镇化建设健康发展,为促进农村农业持续发展提供持久动力。  相似文献   

16.
近年来,我国环境污染日益严重,要防止环境进一步恶化,仅靠行政法规打击环境污染行为收效甚微。通过借助刑法来遏制污染环境行为,增设污染环境犯罪危险犯,完善环境监管失职罪,具体细分环境犯罪以及完善环境犯罪中的罚金刑,充分发挥刑罚的威慑力,可以有效地规制环境污染行为,实现环境保护。但通过刑法来规制环境污染行为时,应反对无限扩大处罚污染环境犯罪行为和设立资格刑。  相似文献   

17.
    
Seawater desalination has become the focus of many countries to solve the problem of lacking freshwater resources. Seawater desalination in China launched in the 1960s and has developed rapidly since entering into the 21st Century. However, the technology of seawater desalination causes marine environmental pollution. After exploring the regulatory framework and legal system of reducing environmental risks of seawater desalination in China, it can be found that the existing regulatory framework and legal system have played a positive role in the treatment of seawater desalination, but it is undeniable that there are still many problems. How to effectively prevent or reduce the marine environment risks caused by seawater desalination and improve the existing regulatory framework and legal system in China are discussed. Specifically, in addition to further improve the Marine Environmental Protection Law, China shall integrate seawater desalination into unified regulation of marine resources, clarify statutory functions of various regulatory departments, improve the coordination mechanism, and promote marine environment and ecology protection by institutional construction.  相似文献   

18.
    
As an important method for normalizing firms' environmental behaviors, regulatory inspection has received much attention in both practice and research. However, a consistent conclusion regarding whether and under what conditions regulatory inspection leads to green innovation is lacking. Drawing on the attention‐based view, we argue that the threats or opportunities that top managers perceive from environmental inspection affect the attention they pay to the strategy of green innovation as a response. We hypothesize that firms lacking the capability of regulatory compliance are less likely to invest in green innovation and that the development of promarket institutions diverts managers' attention from reacting to governmental inspection. Using survey data on Chinese industrial firms, we confirm these hypotheses, the theoretical and practical implications of which are discussed.  相似文献   

19.
试论加强城乡结合部的环境保护   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
随着我国城市化进程的不断加快,城乡结合部经济、社会飞速发展。在发展过程中,城乡结合部环境污染和资源破坏问题日益突出,为此,必须完善城乡结合部环境保护立法和执法,切实做好环境规划工作,实现环境保护与经济、社会的协调发展。  相似文献   

20.
    
An increasing number of organizations across the world have adopted Environmental Management Systems (EMSs) based on certifiable standards, notably the European Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) and the ISO 14001 standards. Although the specialized literature has studied the motivations, obstacles and benefits of the adoption of these standards for EMSs extensively, the impact of the public incentives on the adoption of such environmental management tools has been overlooked. In order to fill this gap in the literature, this article aims to shed light on the level of companies' knowledge and application of the main regulatory relief initiatives provided by public administrations around the EU for organizations with a certified EMS. For that purpose, this article summarizes the main findings of a survey carried out with the participation of 244 European EMAS-registered organizations. The findings of the survey highlight the fact that most of the surveyed companies have adopted or benefitted from some form of regulatory relief, mainly by making use of the measures granting an extended duration of some permits (44%), reductions in financial guarantees in the waste-treatment sector (31%) and tax reductions (26%). Moreover, it emerges that, among countries, the role of regulatory relief to support companies in the path to the adoption of EMSs is not univocal.  相似文献   

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