首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
In places like Canada, fast-paced wind turbine development combined with policy that limits local decision-making power has resulted in strong opposition to specific projects. Some studies suggest that anti-wind sentiment is tied to inadequate financial benefits – especially sharing at the local level. Thus, ideas of distributive economic justice have received traction, particularly in the form of praise for community-based development models. This paper reports on the findings from a mixed-methods study concerning preferred distributive justice elements in rural communities in Ontario (technocratic-based model) and Nova Scotia (community-based model) living with turbines. Residents’ perceptions of economic benefits are nuanced, but unlike other studies, this empirical work shows that both the fair distribution and the amount of local benefits are important predictors of project support. Yet, concerns around the fair distribution of benefits dominate in a regression on the adequacy of those benefits. A variety of interview and survey findings further point to the strength of traditional, profit-sharing community-based models for distributing benefits, but also more novel ideas including lowered electricity bills and tax rebates in areas home to turbines.  相似文献   

2.
基于辽宁省海洋经济的发展现状,从研究辽宁省海洋产业结构的角度出发,利用多元相关分析方法,重点分析了辽宁省海洋各产业对地区经济发展的影响程度.结果表明,在辽宁省海洋产业中,海洋渔业、造船业、交通运输业和旅游业推动了地区经济的增长,而海洋油气业和海盐业对地区经济的拉动作用不明显.  相似文献   

3.
This paper evaluates the causes of the 23% decline in 2030 US greenhouse gas emissions forecasts between 2007 and 2011. Dynamic regression modeling predicts that the Great Recession contributed to about 67% of the 2008–2009 emissions decline, but then fell to about an 18% share for the 2030 emissions forecast. An analysis of electricity generation forecasts show that switching from coal to gas contributed only 6% to the total 2030 decline. In contrast, regulatory impact assessments and policy analysis showed that state and federal policies were responsible for 46% of the 2030 decline in emissions.  相似文献   

4.
    
The present article utilizes wind measurements from three buoys data collection stations in Ionian Sea to study the wind speed and power characteristics using the Weibull shape and scale parameters. Specifically, the site dependent, annual, and monthly mean patterns of mean wind speed, Weibull parameters, frequency distribution, most probable wind speed, maximum energy carrying wind speed, wind power density and wind energy density characteristics have been analyzed. The Weibull distribution was found to represent the wind speed distribution with more than 90% accuracy, in most of the cases. Moreover, the correlation between the percentages of times the wind speed was above cut-in-speed and the measured mean wind speed for the three selected sites, as the correlation between the aforementioned percentages and the scale parameter c were examined and were found linear. At all these sites, no definite increasing or decreasing trends in annual mean wind speed values could be detective over the data reporting period. The mean values of wind speed, scale parameter, most probable wind speed, maximum energy carrying wind speed, wind power and wind energy density values showed higher values during winter time and lower in summer time in Pylos and Zakynthos. Moreover, Pylos and Zakynthos were found to be the best sites from wind power harnessing point of view.  相似文献   

5.
    
This research is a three-dimensional investigation about the aerodynamic interaction between the wind flow and a single high-rise building. In order to find location(s) with high potential of velocity around the building, a wide variety of wind speeds ranging from 2 to 10 m/s is studied. On the other hand, a high-rise building with the ratio of height to width of H/W = 3 is considered. Computations are performed numerically by means of the finite volume approach. Several results are obtained in the present numerical study. For example, it is found that due to wind-structure vertical interaction, locations with enhanced velocities are developed on the building roof in which the rate of this enhancement increases with increasing the wind speed. In addition, over the building, “lines C and D” are realized as the best locations having high power potentials and low turbulence intensities. In addition, lateral wind-structure interaction revealed that for all wind speeds, location of L/W = 0.5 is the best for the small wind turbine installation.  相似文献   

6.
本文通过在分析海上油气田建设项目环境影响评价与可行性研究一体化工作中开展的优化项目选址选线、完善项目方案和强化项目环保措施等实践,阐述了通过一体化工作加快环境影响评价工作进度,减少项目方案比选的反复,提升项目生态保护措施的成功经验。本文成果可为加快海上油气田建设项目以及其它海洋工程项目海洋工程环境影响评价工作进度,强化项目环境保护措施提供参考与借鉴。  相似文献   

7.
Ocean acidification (OA) is increasingly recognized as a major global problem. Despite the scientific evidence, economic assessments of its effects are few. This analysis is an attempt to perform a national and sub-national assessment of the economic impact of OA on mollusc production in Europe. We focus on mollusc production because the scientific evidence on the biological impact on calcifying organisms is ample relative to other types of marine organisms. In addition, Europe and its regions are significant producers of marine molluscs. By performing a partial-equilibrium analysis, we show that the highest levels of overall impact are found in the countries with the largest current production, such as France, Italy and Spain. For Europe as a whole, the annual impact will be over 1 billion USD in 2100. Due to the different production foci of the individual countries and their regions, the distribution of the impact is extremely uneven across countries and their respective regions, with the most affected sub-national regions being those on the Atlantic coast of France, which is an important region for oyster production.  相似文献   

8.
Extratropical cyclones have attracted some attention in climate policy circles as a possible significant damage factor of climate change. This study conducts an assessment of economic impacts of increased storm activities under climate change with the integrated assessment model FUND 3.5. In the base case, the direct economic damage of enhanced storms due to climate change amounts to US$2.8 billion globally (approximately 38% of the total economic loss of storms at present) at the year 2100, while its ratio to the world GDP is 0.0009%. The paper also shows various sensitivity runs exhibiting up to 3 times the level of damage relative to the base run.  相似文献   

9.
西藏农村能源消费及环境影响研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
蔡国田  张雷 《资源开发与市场》2006,22(3):238-241,244
西藏农村人口现有220多万,占全区总人口80%以上,农村经济落后,城乡差距很大。西藏农村能源资源主要有水力、地热、太阳能、风力、林木和畜粪等,煤炭、石油、天然气等高热值的优质能源很少。在这种经济发展水平及能源资源基础条件下,农村能源消费中高热值的现代能源比重很低,主要以生物质能如薪柴、牛粪、草皮等为主。这种低水平的能源消费结构已经对西藏脆弱的生态环境造成了巨大的破坏,西藏未来的能源发展战略迫切需要改变农村目前的消费结构,应发展太阳能、风能、农村小水电及输入高热值的化石能源替代目前生物质能的消费,减少因能源消费对西藏生态环境的破坏。  相似文献   

10.
    
Solar and wind are inexhaustible, abundant, environmentally friendly and freely available renewable energy sources. Integration of these two sources has always been a complex optimization problem which requires efficient planning, designing and control strategies. Many researchers have designed cost effective and efficient hybrid solar-wind energy systems by using various available software tools and optimization algorithms. With the advancement in artificial intelligence methods, various new optimization techniques have been developed in the last few decades. This paper presents state of the art optimization methods applied to hybrid renewable based energy systems. A brief introduction of each technique is presented along with papers published in different reputed journals. This article also reviews different power management, control strategies and multi-objective optimization methods used for hybrid wind-solar systems. A case study is presented to demonstrate the efficacy of some of the algorithms.  相似文献   

11.
    
The objective of this paper is to present a dynamic analysis of the relationship between environmental (EP) and financial performance (FP). More precisely, we have analysed this relationship by considering the measurement of EP lagged by one, two, and three periods. The introduction of lagged variables at both an aggregate and non‐aggregate level, aims to capture the effects of EP on FP over time. Our results show that the aggregate measure of the lagged EP has a persistent positive effect on FP, extended over three years. This effect appears to be more marked for large size companies, for companies with low risk levels and for those spending less on investment. Results for non‐aggregate measurements reveal an asymmetric relationship between FP and KLD's concerns score, of which the impact is negative and persistent, and between FP and KLD's strengths score, where the effect is positive and limited to one year. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment  相似文献   

12.
In order to improve the aerodynamic performance of horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT), a sinusoidal shape is applied to turbine blade. In this study, four types of modified blades were chosen based on variations in amplitude and wavelength of protuberance along the leading edge. Compared with the baseline model, the power coefficients (Cp) of HAWT with modified blades were improved, especially at low tip speed ratios. At low wind speed (V = 6 m/s), blades with short wavelength obtain significant improvement in Cp compared with the baseline model. As wind speed increases, this improvement decreases. In addition, turbine blade with large amplitude and long wavelength obtains better Cp values at higher wind speeds than lower ones, which have a great potential to be more superior at relatively higher wind speeds.  相似文献   

13.
    
Rapid development of wind energy has been witnessed in Thailand. However, different wind resource maps (over land) have brought great uncertainty to wind energy planning. Here, four important mesoscale wind maps were considered: DEDP (2001), World Bank (2001), Manomaiphiboon et al. (2010) of JGSEE, and DEDE (2010). The wind maps were first harmonized to a common grid at 100 m and then compared. The earlier wind maps (DEDP and World Bank) are shown to represent the lower and upper limits of predicted speed, respectively, while JGSEE and DEDE tend to be more moderate with predictions statistically closer to observations. A consolidated wind map was constructed based on their median and shown to have the best prediction performance. It was then used for the technical potential analysis, in which three large (2-MW) turbine models (two conventional and one designed for low wind speed) were considered. By GIS techniques, any land areas not feasible for large wind turbines were excluded, and the corresponding overall onshore technical potential ranges between 50 and 250 GW, depending on map and turbine model. Considering only economically feasible turbines (with capacity factors of 20%) and the median-based map, the final technical potential equals 17 GW when using the low-wind-speed model but is reduced to 5 GW with the conventional models, adequately meeting the national wind energy target of 3 GW by the year 2036. The results suggest a strong sensitivity of estimated technical potential to turbine technology and a suitability of low-wind-speed turbines for wind conditions in Thailand.  相似文献   

14.
风能是一种无污染的可再生能源,取之不尽,用之不竭。为了研究辽宁锦州藏东地区风能资源情况,使用藏东风电场2000年7月—2001年6月的测风资料,对风电场的风能资源各参数进行了详细地计算和分析,从而得出藏东地区风能资源丰富,适宜建设大型风电场,具有较大的开发利用价值。  相似文献   

15.
随着中国经济的发展,我国高化石能源消耗问题也越来越突出。计算了1980--2009年中国人均化石能源足迹,并将其与人均GDP联系起来进行研究,发现在这30年中我国人均化石能源消耗和人均GDP都呈现逐步增长趋势,在用E—G两步法进行协整检验的过程中发现两者存在长期稳定的均衡关系;采用格兰杰因果检验进行进一步的验证分析发现,我国人均化石能源足迹和人均GDP之间互为因果关系,进一步说明我国经济发展对能源消耗尤其是化石能源消耗具有依赖性,且经济发展会进一步刺激化石能源使用的增加。因此,采取节能降耗措施应从调整产业结构和能源消费结构入手,在降低能耗期间我国会出现经济增长放缓的现象。  相似文献   

16.
In this paper, wind energy potential of four locations in Xinjiang region is assessed. The Weibull distribution as well as the Logistic and the Lognormal distributions are applied to describe the distributions of the wind speed at different heights. In determining the parameters in the Weibull distribution, four intelligent parameter optimization approaches including the differential evolutionary, the particle swarm optimization, and two other approaches derived from these two algorithms and combined advantages of these two approaches are employed. Then the optimal distribution is chosen through the Chi-square error (CSE), the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test error (KSE), and the root mean square error (RMSE) criteria. However, it is found that the variation range of some criteria is quite large, thus these criteria are analyzed and evaluated both from the anomalous values and by the K-means clustering method. Anomaly observation results have shown that the CSE is the first one should be considered to be eliminated from the consequent optimal distribution function selection. This idea is further confirmed by the K-means clustering algorithm, by which the CSE is clustered into a different group with KSE and RMSE. Therefore, only the reserved two error evaluation criteria are utilized to evaluate the wind power potential.  相似文献   

17.
    
This article explores how the geographic boundaries of who could participate in the decision processes of two community-owned wind energy projects (WEPs) was evaluated in terms of their fairness by project leaders and local residents. In particular, it analyses the varying ways that the justice principle of “those affected by a decision have a right to be involved in making that decision” was utilised to make claims about the fairness of each boundary. In both case studies, even though this justice principle was often shared by local stakeholders, defining exactly what a “fair” boundary encompassed was problematic and strong disagreements emerged. Three factors that contributed to this disagreement are highlighted, and the significance of the findings for the implementation of community WEPs is reflected upon.  相似文献   

18.
    
An assessment of wind energy potential was carried out in five sites (four onshore and one offshore) in South-West (SW) of Buenos Aires province (Argentina). We use high-resolution wind data (2 and 5 min) for the period 2009–2012. The power law was used to estimate the wind speed at 30, 40, and 60 m height from the anemometer position. Turbulence intensity and wind direction were analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted using two-parameter Weibull distribution. A techno-economic analysis based on a set of commercial wind turbines was performed in those sites. The results derived from this work indicate that the SW of Buenos Aires province represents a promising area for the wind energy extraction, which would encourage the construction of wind farms for electricity generation.  相似文献   

19.
    
The planning of renewable energy infrastructure has proven highly controversial across many countries. We critically examine the lessons that can be learned from research investigating the causes of controversy over wind turbines. The review focuses on a specific, but often highly controversial, component of planning practice: environmental and social appraisal. The review advances understandings of the reasons for contestation over the social impacts of wind turbines; the basis and legitimacy of plurality and contestation; and, the biases that tend to underpin understandings of the role and functioning of participation in appraisal. A typology of actors' attitudes to wind energy is employed to elucidate the implications of our review for appraisal practices. We conclude that a broader understanding of the societal purposes of public participation needs to be integrated into appraisal theory and practice, including an acceptance of the legitimacy of antagonism and dissent and its value in fostering social learning.  相似文献   

20.
经济增长与能源消费关系研究综述   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
经济增长与能源消费的关系一直是经济学研究的热点问题之一.自20世纪70年代石油危机爆发以来,出现了大量研究能源价格对经济增长影响的文献.进入2l世纪,环境污染、能源短缺等问题逐渐凸显出来,研究焦点也转向了经济增长与能源消费的关系上.国内学者从20世纪90年代开始关注该领域,作者分别综述了国内外学者在该领域的代表性研究成果.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号