试论集安生态立市战略的实施

对集安市生态立市战略的确立和实施情况进行了介绍,对集安市生态建设的优势和特点进行了分析,并针对集安市如何进行生态立市建设提出了建议。     

Diversity in Current Ecological Thinking: Implications for Environmental Management

Current ecological thinking emphasizes that systems are complex, dynamic, and unpredictable across space and time. What is the diversity in interpretation of these ideas among today’s ecologists, and what does this mean for environmental management? This study used a Policy Delphi survey of ecologists to explore their perspectives on a number of current topics in ecology. The results showed general concurrence with nonequilibrium views. There was agreement that disturbance is a widespread, normal feature of ecosystems with historically contingent responses. The importance of recognizing multiple levels of organization and the role of functional diversity in environmental change were also widely acknowledged. Views differed regarding the predictability of successional development, whether “patchiness” is a useful concept, and the benefits of shifting the focus from species to ecosystem processes. Because of their centrality to environmental management, these different views warrant special attention from both managers and ecologists. Such divergence is particularly problematic given widespread concerns regarding the poor linkages between science (here, ecology) and environmental policy and management, which have been attributed to scientific uncertainty and a lack of consensus among scientists, both jeopardizing the transfer of science into management. Several suggestions to help managers deal with these differences are provided, especially the need to interpret broader theory in the context of place-based assessments. The uncertainty created by these differences requires a proactive approach to environmental management, including clearly identifying environmental objectives, careful experimental design, and effective monitoring.     

铬渣作水泥矿化剂的经济及环境效应分析

铬渣的处理利用一直是铬盐行业和固体污染物处理的难点,本文介绍了用铬渣作水泥矿化剂处理铬渣这种新方法的原理,并进行了经济和环境效应分析,结果表明用铬渣作水泥矿化剂确实是一种很好的处理铬渣的方法。     

创新是生态保护工作的动力

针对当前环境保护工作的重心向生态保护转移的原因,对生态保护工作的现状进行了分析,并对生态保护工作的原则进行了阐述。     

Engaging with the Ecological Footprint as a Decision-Making Tool: Process and Responses

Since the initial development of the Ecological Footprint in the early 1990s, the concept has gained increased interest amongst academics and practitioners internationally. In the UK, it is estimated that some 60 to 70 Ecological Footprint studies were undertaken between 1999 and 2004. Although the majority of interest in Ecological Footprinting has come from local government, a recent study has found that government officers involved in the formulation of council policy have not been able to engage with the Ecological Footprint as a process or use the results to inform policy decisions. This paper analyses how an Ecological Footprint has been developed for Cardiff, the capital city of Wales. The approach used to construct an Ecological Footprint for Cardiff has been significantly different to that which had been used previously in the UK, as it has involved a unique consortium of researchers at Cardiff University and policy development officers at Cardiff Council checking the quality of data used in the Footprint calculation, and developing a range of policy scenarios.     

成都生态城市建设的战略思考

本文从城市发展面临的生态问题及其未来发展趋势阐述了建设生态成都的必要性和紧迫性，并根据成都自然资源、人文、社会及经济等条件提出了成都生态城市建设的战略选择和策略。     

间歇曝气短程硝化控制新途径的初步试验研究

采用SBR,以间歇曝气的方式控制短程硝化,分别研究了在限制曝气量和不限制曝气量条件下,亚硝酸盐的积累情况.试验表明,间歇曝气可以作为短程硝化的控制条件,在一定条件下,亚硝化率可达到90%以上.限制曝气量时,在低DO情况下,采用间歇曝气控制短程硝化更为有效、经济.     

生态文明新解

我们现在所提倡的生态文明,其实是一种还没有准确定义的文明,是在探索其基本理念与机制。从根本上说,生态文明不是项目问题、技术问题、资金问     

Degradation Model: A Quantitative EIA Instrument,Acting as a Decision Support System (DSS) for Environmental Management

Environmental assessment of alternative development plans, programs, and policies may bring conflict among decision-makers, particularly when some quantitative measures for decision-making are needed and where cumulative impacts are neglected. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) and environmental economics theories, despite their usefulness, are not capable of addressing those issues and problems alone. In recent years, the decision support system (DSS) has provided some solutions, but mathematical analysis of the system to show the internal structure of the problem is not always possible. To addres the above shortcomings and ongoing problems of decision-making in Iran, a degradation model (DM) was introduced as an instrument of EIA, to act as a DSS for managers. The model is a compromise between knowledge-based decision support systems, detailed models, digested information models, and the basic theorem of environmental economics. In the present study (1996–2000), the model was applied in three provinces of Iran, representing three of four biogeographical regions of Iran. The study area was divided into a set of grids (100 km²). The degradation coefficient (H) was computed for all grids (1333), representing the degree of degradation in the grid. It is obvious that the higher the coefficient the more area is degraded and less prone to further development, and vice versa. In order to provide decision-makers with a set of quantitative measures to observe impacted areas (critical and noncritical) for resource allocation and further development, the degradation coefficients of all grids were classified into categories and criteria, using a fuzzy set theoretic approach. Accordingly, only 24% of study areas are prone to further development. The degradation model as a knowledge-based decision support system has its strengths and weaknesses, but it has solved managers' ongoing problems in Iran and it could be used elsewhere.     

Ecologically Functional Floodplains: Connectivity,Flow Regime,and Scale1

Opperman, Jeffrey J., Ryan Luster, Bruce A. McKenney, Michael Roberts, and Amanda Wrona Meadows, 2010. Ecologically Functional Floodplains: Connectivity, Flow Regime, and Scale. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(2):211-226. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00426.x Abstract: This paper proposes a conceptual model that captures key attributes of ecologically functional floodplains, encompassing three basic elements: (1) hydrologic connectivity between the river and the floodplain, (2) a variable hydrograph that reflects seasonal precipitation patterns and retains a range of both high and low flow events, and (3) sufficient spatial scale to encompass dynamic processes and for floodplain benefits to accrue to a meaningful level. Although floodplains support high levels of biodiversity and some of the most productive ecosystems on Earth, they are also among the most converted and threatened ecosystems and therefore have recently become the focus of conservation and restoration programs across the United States and globally. These efforts seek to conserve or restore complex, highly variable ecosystems and often must simultaneously address both land and water management. Thus, such efforts must overcome considerable scientific, technical, and socioeconomic challenges. In addition to proposing a scientific conceptual model, this paper also includes three case studies that illustrate methods for addressing these technical and socioeconomic challenges within projects that seek to promote ecologically functional floodplains through river-floodplain reconnection and/or restoration of key components of hydrological variability.     

Ecological restoration as a strategy for conserving biological diversity

Though the restoration of disturbed ecosystems has so far played a relatively modest role in the effort to conserve biological diversity, there are reasons to suspect that its role will increase and that its contribution to the maintenance of diversity will ultimately prove crucial as techniques are further refined and as pristine areas for preservation become scarcer and more expensive.It is now possible to restore a number of North American communities with some confidence. However, it should be noted that many current efforts to return degraded lands to productive use, like attempts to reclaim land disturbed by mining, try only for rehabilitation to a socially acceptable condition and fall considerably short of actually restoring a native ecological community.Possible uses for restoration in the conservation of biodiversity include not only the creation of habitat on derelict sites, but also techniques for enlarging and redesigning existing reserves. Restoration may even make it possible to move reserves entirely in response to long-term events, such as changes in climate. Restoration in the form of reintroduction of single species to preexisting or restored habitat is also a critical link in programs to conserve species ex situ in the expectation of eventually returning them to the wild. And restoration provides opportunities to increase diversity through activities as diverse as management of utility corridors, transportation rights-of-way, and parks.     

生态购买是西部生态建设的新战略

生态购买是我国西北地区的强烈要求,也是我国“只能保证过程,不能保证结果”生态建设模式的反思结果。“国有私营”生态购买初衷是政府收购生态建设的产品,既帮助农户脱贫致富,又确保生态建设产品的形成、巩固和转化利用。生态购买以生态建设成果（生态产品）为投资管理的重点,确保生态产品形成效率和转化利用速度,生态效益转化为经济效益。生态购买不仅使生态产品商品化和货币化,实现“生态致富”,更为重要的是培育市场意识、思维、文化,加速培育生态建设市场,充分发挥市场机制的作用,整合社会资源和力量,增强生态建设的实力、能力、吸引力和竞争力。本文经济角度和政策层面．探讨生态购买的产生背景、概念、内涵、原理、功能、方法、程序等。为生态购买的实施提供启发和对策。     

关于在江源区树立生态文明观念的思考

对江源区树立生态文明观念展开的调研进行了介绍,对江源生态文明与农业发展的关系进行了阐述,并对如何解决两者之间的矛盾提出了建议。     

关于白城市生态文明建设的思考

对生态文明的内涵进行了阐述,介绍了白城市自然生态环境现状,并针对白城市生态建设工作提出了一些对策。     

新一代志愿者:旅游兼顾生态考察

在高达15米的桉树下，志愿者比奇头戴盔形帽，将整个脑袋遮挡得严严实实。戴着这样的防蚊面具，丝毫不影响他的活动自由。他正在屏声静气地接近一只命名“德尔玛”的野生动物——考拉。他的手离小考拉越来越近，终于毫不费劲地捉到了这只可爱可亲的温顺无比的考拉德尔玛。他赶紧将它抱了起来，随即装入一只布口袋里。比奇这次作为志愿者旅行的目的，并不是去捕获考拉，而是要尽最大努力去研究它、保护它。比奇的真正职业是在澳大利亚帕思市的一家信息技术公司工作。为了实现自己孩童时代的梦想，他利用休假旅游的机会，参与了这批志愿者组成…     

Greening the Fife Economy: Ecological Modernization as a Pathway for Local Economic Development

Progress in the greening of UK local government has been hampered by uncertainty about the relationship between resource use and environmental protection. Ecological modernizationmay offer the most appropriateparadigm to reconcile economic, social and environmentalinterpretationsof sustainability. The transition from corporate to strategic environmental management currently being attempted by some 'green' authorities can be construed as an attempt to promote ecological modernization in the form of institutional learning. Fife Council in Scotland provides an interesting case study. Progress with corporate environmental management has become bound up with a radical devolution of decision making. Efforts to link the authority's Sustainable Development Policy to a Local Agenda 21 programme have been initiated with the piloting of sustainability indicators.     

生态文明新理念

建设生态文明,是当今社会的重大理论与实践课题.本文综合论述了“科学发展观”与“和谐社会”理念深入人心背景下生态文明新理念,包括战略目标、道路选择与研究范畴,旨在为引导深入建设生态文明提供技术指导与理论借鉴.     

建立生态补偿机制的战略思考和政策建议

改革开放30年来,中国取得了举世瞩目的成就,然而为此付出的资源、环境代价过大。要实现又好又快、可持续发展,必须从战略高度上认识生态环境保护问题。     

黄龙溪古镇生态旅游开发初步构想

以自然资源为基础的生态旅游作为一种可持续发展的旅游形式,应成为大多数旅游区的发展模式。黄龙溪是成都八大风景区五大类型中田园古镇的典型代表,其丰富的自然景观和人文景观受到越来越多游客的青睐,有关部门在制定黄龙溪古镇旅游规划时应体现出生态的精神,开发与保护共举,实现古镇旅游的可持续发展。