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1.
通过采用GDX-502富集,GC-MS分析,对城市河流、湖库中的痕量有机污染物进行分析,共检出58种有机污染物,其中含有多种美国EPA公布的重点污染物,从而为痕量有机污染物的研究建立了灵敏度高,分辨率好的测试方法。  相似文献   

2.
医药有机废水中CODcR2000-3000MG/l,bod5300-500MG/l,pH为4-5左右,采用SBR法处理后,CODcr去除率大于85%,BOD5去除率大于90%,pH6-9。为废水后续处理达标奠定了良好的基础。  相似文献   

3.
土壤中半挥发性有机物的GC/MS分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
介绍了萧山下沙经济技术开妪土壤中半挥发性有机物的提取及利用GC/MS技术对所提取化合物进行定性定量分析。  相似文献   

4.
用TPD,TPSR-MS活性评价等方法,用Cu-Zn-Al催化剂,对CO2加氢合成甲醇的原料气掺入适量CO2进行了研究。结果表明CO2能占据催化剂表面部分CO2的吸附位,能抑制CO2加氢的逆水汽变换反应和促进甲醇合成,从而大大提高了CO2加事成甲醇的选择性和收率。  相似文献   

5.
含氟废水的混凝沉淀处理   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
袁劲松  张在利 《污染防治技术》1999,12(4):217-218,221
研究了FeCl3,Al2(SO4)3,PFCS和APAM对含氟废水的混凝沉淀处理。结果表明:石灰乳,PFCS和APAM对废水中的氟及COD具有较好的处理效果,处理后水质达到国家二级排放标准。  相似文献   

6.
美国DIONEX2010i是一单通道离子色谱仪。如果分析阴离子又要分析阳离子,需将柱子拆下后,再装上其他分析柱,既麻烦,又易使系统进入气泡。我们用气动式流路转换阀的切换来改变淋洗液的流路,实现了在单通道仪器上阴、阳离子的同时分析。阴离子的测定我们已进行了十几年的工作。本文着重讨论阳离子的色谱分析条件。1实验部分1.1仪器和试剂美国DIONEX2010i型离子色谱仪,Ion-PacCS14分离柱和CG14保护柱。微膜抑制柱CMMS—II、电导检测器、SP4270积分仪、EASYpure微量超纯水制…  相似文献   

7.
母乳与牛乳中微量元素的比较   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
用ICP-AES法对母乳和牛乳中K、Na、Ca、Mg、P、Fe、Al、Zn、Sr、、Pb、Mn、Ba和Cu等13种元素含量进行了测定。结果发现母乳与牛乳的营养成分差异较大。研究了深入探讨微量元素在人体内重要的生理功能提供了有用的参考数据。  相似文献   

8.
固相萃取技术在水体有机物分析中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文简述了固相萃取技术(SPE)的原理、方法及特点,阐述了SPE和气相色谱(GC)在线与离线两种联用技术应用于水样中有机化合物的分析,并着重介绍了SPEGC应用于分析水环境中痕量多氯有机化合物,包括多氯联苯化合物(PCBs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)的方法进展情况  相似文献   

9.
采用索氏抽提,多级硅胶/氧化铝柱层析等预处理方法,提纯分离出垃圾焚烧炉飞灰中的噁并进行GC-MS分析,检出所测样品中存在有6~8个氯取代的二噁。  相似文献   

10.
通过对有机磷农药废水成份及其机理的分析,提出了碱解-A/A/0-生物炭处理工艺。在适当的污泥回流比、混合液回流比条件下,控制曝气池中N_(TOC)≤0.10 kg·BOD_5/kgMLSS·d、NH_3≤0.08 kgNH_3-N/kgMLSS·d,厌氧池中N_(Toc)≤(0.10.25)kg BOD_5/kgMLSS·d及兼氧池中N_(ND)_3≤0.08 kgNO_3-N/ kgMLLSS·d时,可同时获得最高的TN、TP及TOC的去除效果,并使出水达一级排入标准。  相似文献   

11.
Chromium occurrence in the environment and methods of its speciation   总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26  
This article includes a survey of chromium (Cr) occurrence in different environmental compartments, its pathways in the environment and the cross-sectional presentation of Cr speciation methods against the background of Cr chemistry. The aim of the article is to demonstrate that knowledge of interconversion processes between different Cr forms is necessary to understand its behaviour and role in the environment, in addition to enabling reliable Cr speciation analysis to be performed. The current methods of Cr speciation are presented, characterized and their usefulness discussed. These must rely on superior separation and detection capabilities since Cr in environmental compartments is mostly at trace or ultra-trace level. The need for using unique techniques of sampling, storage, handling and separation for Cr speciation is documented.  相似文献   

12.
Speciation of zinc in contaminated soils   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The chemical speciation of zinc in soil solutions is critical to the understanding of its bioavailability and potential toxic effects. We studied the speciation of Zn in soil solution extracts from 66 contaminated soils representative of a wide range of field conditions in both North America and Europe. Within this dataset, we evaluated the links among the dissolved concentrations of zinc and the speciation of Zn(2+), soil solution pH, total soil Zn, dissolved organic matter (DOM), soil organic matter (SOM) and the concentrations of different inorganic anions. The solid-liquid partitioning coefficient (K(d)) for Zn ranged from 17 to 13,100Lkg(-1) soil. The fraction of dissolved Zn bound to DOM varied from 60% to 98% and the soil solution free Zn(2+) varied from 40% to 60% of the labile Zn. Multiple regression equations to predict free Zn(2+), dissolved Zn and the solid-liquid partitioning of Zn are given for potential use in environmental fate modeling and risk assessment. The multiple regressions also highlight some of the most important soil properties controlling the solubility and chemical speciation of zinc in contaminated soils.  相似文献   

13.
The anthropogenic inputs of Rh in the environment—together with other platinum group elements—have increased considerably during the last 20–30 years. However, thermodynamics and kinetics on the interaction of Rh with natural organic and inorganic ligands are still poorly characterized. Here, we report the time-dependent speciation of rhodium chlorides spiked to model freshwater with and without the presence of humic substances. Rhodium species were determined using size-exclusion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS). Results indicate that organic matter can effectively bind rhodium, but the extremely slow reaction kinetics of Rh plays a significant role on its speciation in natural waters. Accordingly, formation of Rh-organic complexes from spiked rhodium chlorides required around 15 days to reach equilibrium; this should be taken into account in those laboratory experiments where the biological interactions of Rh, using spiked samples, are studied. Regarding Rh inorganic speciation in freshwater, the available thermodynamic constants predict the dominance of the neutral trihydroxo and negatively charged tetrahydroxo rhodium complexes over typical pHs (6–8); our results, however, indicate only the presence of negatively charged hydroxocomplexes at pH 7. Reexamination of the Rh stability constants suggest that these hydroxylated rhodium complexes may also dominate its inorganic speciation in seawater.  相似文献   

14.
Heavy metal pollution in road runoff had caused widespread concern since the last century. However, there are little references on metal speciation in multiple environmental media (e.g., rain, road sediments, and road runoff). Our research targeted the investigation of metal speciation in rain, road sediments, and runoff; the analysis of speciation variation and mass balance of metals among rain, road sediments, and runoff; the selection of main factors by principal component analysis (PCA); and the establishment of equation to evaluate the impact of rain and road sediments to metals in road runoff. Sequential extraction procedure contains five steps for the chemical fractionation of metals. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry (Shimadzu, AA-6800) was used to determine metal speciation concentration, as well as the total and dissolved fractions. The dissolved fractions for both Cu and Zn were dominant in rain. The speciation distribution of Zn was different from that of Cu in road sediments, while speciation distribution of Zn is similar to that of Cu in runoff. The bound to carbonates for both Cu and Zn in road sediments were prone to be dissolved by rain. The levels of Cu and Zn in runoff were not obviously influenced by rain, but significantly influenced by road sediments. The masses for both Cu and Zn among rain, road sediments, and road runoff approximately meet the mass balance equation for all rainfall patterns. Five principal factors were selected for metal regression equation based on PCA, including rainfall, average rainfall intensity, antecedent dry periods, total suspended particles, and temperature. The established regression equations could be used to predict the effect of road runoff on receiving environments.  相似文献   

15.
Arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) are chemical analogs that display similar characteristics in the environment. The As hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. is a potential As–Sb co-accumulating species. However, when this plant is exposed to different As and Sb speciation, the associated accumulating mechanisms and subsequent assimilation processes of As and Sb remain unclear. A 2-week hydroponic experiment was conducted by exposing P. vittata to single AsIII, AsV, SbIII, and SbV or the co-existence of AsIII and SbIII and AsV and SbV. P. vittata could co-accumulate As and Sb in the pinna (>1000 mg kg?1) with high translocation (>1) of As and Sb from the root to the pinna. P. vittata displayed apparent preference to the trivalent speciation of As and Sb than to the pentavalent speciation. Under the single exposure of AsIII or SbIII, the pinna concentration of As and Sb was 84 and 765 % higher than that under the single exposure of AsV or SbV, respectively. Despite the provided As speciation, the main speciation of As in the root was AsV, whereas the main speciation of As in the pinna was AsIII. The Sb in the roots comprised SbV and SbIII when exposed to SbV but was exclusively SbIII when exposed to SbIII. The Sb in the pinna was a mixture of SbV and SbIII regardless of the provided Sb speciation. Compared with the single exposure of As, the co-existence of As and Sb increased the As concentration in the pinna of P. vittata by 50–66 %, accompanied by a significant increase in the AsIII percentage in the root. Compared with the single exposure of Sb, the co-existence of Sb and As also increased the Sb concentration in the pinna by 51–100 %, but no significant change in Sb speciation was found in P. vittata.  相似文献   

16.
This report reviews the current state of analytical methodology for sulfate in airborne particles. Methods for determination of total aerosol sulfate and total soluble sulfate are assessed. A more detailed review of the relatively new techniques for quantitative speciation of airborne sulfate then follows. Size distribution methodology and filter sampling difficulties relating to the collection of airborne sulfate-containing particles are enumerated. Experiments are suggested which use new, improved, and potentially applicable sulfate speciation techniques to obtain a better understanding of the generation, transport, transformation and removal processes that, in turn, determine the identity and concentrations of sulfate species in ambient air.  相似文献   

17.
The Particle Concentrator-Brigham Young University Organic Sampling System (PC-BOSS) has been previously verified as being capable of measuring total fine particulate matter (PM2.5), including semi-volatile species. The present study was conducted to determine if the simple modification of a commercial speciation sampler with a charcoal denuder followed by a filter pack containing a quartz filter and a charcoal-impregnated glass (CIG) fiber filter would allow for the measurement of total PM2.5, including semi-volatile organic material. Data were collected using an R&P (Rupprecht and Pastasnik Co., Inc.) Partisol Model 2300 speciation sampler; an R&P Partisol speciation sampler modified with a BOSS denuder, followed by a filter pack with a quartz and a CIG filter; a Met One spiral aerosol speciation sampler (SASS); and the PC-BOSS from November 2001 to March 2002 at a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) sampling site in Lindon, UT. Total PM2.5 mass, ammonium nitrate (both nonvolatile and semi-volatile), ammonium sulfate, organic carbon (both non-volatile and semi-volatile), and elemental carbon were determined on a 24-hr basis. Results obtained with the individual samplers were compared to determine the capability of the modified R&P speciation sampler for measuring total PM2.5, including semi-volatile components. Data obtained with the modified speciation sampler agreed with the PC-BOSS results. Data obtained with the two unmodified speciation samplers were low by an average of 26% because of the loss of semi-volatile organic material from the quartz filter during sample collection.  相似文献   

18.
This paper discusses some recent advances in spectrometric methods and approaches for mercury speciation analysis of environmental samples with focus on isotope dilution techniques for determination of mercury species' concentrations in gaseous samples and reaction rates in soils and sediments. Such analytical data is important inter alia in fundamental research on mercury biogeochemistry and for risk assessments of mercury-contaminated soils and sediments and for designing effective remedial actions. The paper describes how the use of enriched stable isotope tracers in mercury speciation analysis can improve the traceability and accuracy of results, facilitate rational method developments, and be useful for studying biogeochemical processes, i.e. rate of reactions and fluxes, of mercury species. In particular the possibilities to study and correct for unwanted species transformation reactions during sample treatment and to study "natural" transformations of species in environmental samples, or micro- and mesocosm ecosystems, during incubations are highlighted. Important considerations to generate relevant data in isotope tracer experiments as well as reliability and quality assurance of mercury speciation analysis in general are also discussed.  相似文献   

19.
Solidification/stabilization (S/S) of sediments is frequently used to treat contaminants in dredged sediments. In this study, sediment collected from the Pearl River Delta (China) was solidified/stabilized with three different kinds of functional materials: cement, lime and bentonite. Lime primarily acted via induced increases in pH, while cements stabilization occurred through their silicate-based systems and the main function of bentonite was adsorption. The speciation and leaching behaviors of specific heavy metals before and after S/S were analyzed and the results showed that the residual speciation of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn increased in all treatments except for Cu, as the exchangeable speciation, carbonate-bound speciation and Fe-Mn-oxide-bound speciation of Cu (all of which could be stabilized) were less than 2 % of the total amount. Pb leaching only decreased when pH increased, while the mobility of Cr and Ni only decreased in response to the silicate-based systems. The leached portion of the Fe-Mn-oxide-bound speciation followed the order Zn?>?Cu?>?Ni/Cd?>?Pb?>?Cr. The leached portion of organic-matter-bound species was less than 4 % for Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb, but 35.1 % and 20.6 % for Cu and Zn, respectively.  相似文献   

20.
Phosphorus (P) in wetlands is mainly bound to sediment in various species, which is essential to predict water column P levels. The purpose of this work is to understand the influences of sediment properties and vegetation types on P speciation. Sediments under four vegetation types in the tidal flat and offshore sandbar in Hangzhou Bay of China were collected seasonally. The rank order of P species in sediment based on concentration was exchangeable P (Exch-P)?相似文献   

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