关于推荐清洁生产先进技术的通知环办科财函[2022]137号

各省、自治区、直辖市、新疆生产建设兵团生态环境厅(局)、发展改革委、工业和信息化主管部门,生态环境部有关单位、国家发展改革委有关单位,有关国家环境保护工程技术中心、国家工程研究中心、全国性行业组织及单位、中央企业: 为贯彻党的十九届五中、六中全会精神和《清洁生产促进法》,落实《"十四五"生态环境保护规划》《"十四五"全...     

SO_2航测系统空中试测成功

化工部北京化工研究院自动化仪表部、环保所与核工业航测遥感中心合作进行的大气中SO_2航空测试技术的研究工作在1991年取得较大进展,     

“有机类危废热解固体产物利用环节豁免可行性”讨论会在京顺利举行

2020年1月18日,在生态环境部公开征求《国家危险废物名录(修订稿)》(二次征求意见稿)意见期间,中国再生资源回收利用协会应永兴鹏琨环保有限公司、汨罗万容固体废物处理有限公司的申请,在北京组织有关专家召开“有机类危废热解固体产物利用环节豁免可行性”讨论会。     

商务部《绿色再生资源分拣中心建设管理规范》专家审定会在京召开

正2018年8月2日,在商务部流通业发展司主管领导的高度重视下,来自中国标准化研究院、清华大学、中国人民大学、中国环境科学研究院、北京服装学院、中国塑料加工工业协会、中再生协会废纸分会、中国废钢铁应用协会、住建部环境卫生工程技术研究中心等单位的9位行业资深专家组成的专家组,对中国再生资源回收利用协会承担的国家商务部办公厅《2017年流通行业标准项目计划》任务(商办流通函[2017]232号)——《绿色再生资源分拣中心建设管理规范》(以下简称     

第二届电力环境监测分专业委员会及学术讨论会在福建邵武召开

中国电机工程学会电力环保专业委员会环境监测分专业委员会和水电部电力环境监测总站共同举办的电力环境监测分专委会及学术讨论会于1988年元月18日至21日在福建省邵武电厂召开.出席会议的有来自电厂、科研所、设计院、高等院校和省电力局的专家、教授、工程技术人员共51人.这次会议宣读各类论文31篇,内容包括环境监测与分析方法的研究、粉煤灰标样的研制、计算机在质量控制中的应用等方面。学术论文无论在数量     

简讯

国家六大再生资源项目将落户大连记者近日从在大连市召开的中国有色金属工业协会再生金属分会第二届第四次理事会获悉,5年内,国家六大再生资源项目将落户大连国家生态工业示范园,其中国家级"城市矿产"工程技术研发中心和再生资源文化创意产业园将在年内开工建设。六大再生资源项目建成后,大连国家生态工     

国内简讯

Ⅲ型遥感式光电测烟仪应用评议会召开今年5月7日至8日,在沈阳由中国环境保护协会辽宁分会主持召开了 CGD-Ⅲ型遥感光电测烟仪应用评议会,来自各省、市、地区环境管理、环境监测、科研院所有关部门40多个单位的71名代表参加了会议。Ⅲ型遥感式光电测仪是由一机部沈阳仪器仪表工艺研究所和沈阳市光学仪器二厂研制的,该仪器以林格曼法为基础,采用光电转换原理,将望远系     

《国家再生资源综合利用先进适用技术目录（第一批）》（征求意见稿）公开征求意见

为发展循环经济,提高再生资源综合利用水平,推广先进适用技术及促进产业化进程,经各地工业主管部门和相关行业协会推荐,专家评审,工业和信息化部对《国家再生资源综合利用先进适用技术目录（第一批）》（征求意见稿）进行公示,公开向社会和工业企业征求意见。该目录包括废弃电器电子、废旧轮胎橡胶、废旧金属和废玻璃、废塑料和废纺织品、建筑和农林废弃物、废纸张及其他等6大类95项技术。     

国家六大再生资源项目将落户大连

记者近日从在大连市召开的中国有色金属工业协会再生金属分会第二届第四次理事会获悉,5年内,国家六大再生资源项目将落户大连国家生态工业示范园,其中国家级“城市矿产”工程技术研发中心和再生资源文化创意产业园将在年内开工建设。六大再生资源项目建成后,大连国家生态工业示范园将成为我国乃至东北亚再生资源利用的中心。     

世界灰渣利用概况

对世界一些主要耗煤国家灰的种类，产量，利用方式及主要利用途径进行了综述，供从事灰渣利用及相关的工程技术人员和管理人员参考。     

Determination of the Thermal Efficiency of Pre-boilover Burning of a Slick of Oil on Water

The burning rate of a slick of oil on a water bed is calculated by a simple expression derived from a one-dimensional heat conduction equation. Heat feedback from the flame to the surface is assumed to be a constant fraction of the total energy released by the combustion reaction. The constant fraction (χ) is named the burning efficiency and represents an important tool in assessing the potential of in situ burning as a counter-measure to an oil-spill. The total heat release, as a function of the pool diameter, is obtained from an existing correlation. It is assumed that radiative heat is absorbed close to the fuel surface, that conduction is the dominant mode of heat transfer in the liquid phase and that the fuel boiling temperature remains constant. By matching the characteristic thermal penetration length scale for the fuel/water system and an equivalent single layer system, a combined thermal diffusivity can be calculated and used to obtain an analytical solution for the burning rate. Theoretical expressions were correlated with crude oil and heating oil, for a number of pool diameters and initial fuel layer thickness. Experiments were also conducted with emulsified and weathered crude oil. The simple analytical expression describes well the effects of pool diameter and initial fuel layer thickness permitting a better observation of the effects of weathering, emulsification and net heat feedback to the fuel surface. Experiments showed that only a small fraction of the heat released by the flame is retained by the fuel layer and water bed (of the order of 1%). The effect of weathering on the burning rate decreases with the weathering period and that emulsification results in a linear decrease of the burning rate with water content.     

Review of the kinetics of alkaline degradation of cellulose in view of its relevance for safety assessment of radioactive waste repositories

The degradation of cellulose (a substantial component of low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste) under alkaline conditions occurs via two main processes: a peeling-off reaction and a basecatalyzed cleavage of glycosidic bonds (hydrolysis). Both processes show pseudo-first-order kinetics. At ambient temperature, the peeling-off process is the dominant degradation mechanism, resulting in the formation of mainly isosaccharinic acid. The degradation depends strongly on the degree of polymerization (DP) and on the number of reducing end groups present in cellulose. Beyond pH 12.5, the OH^- concentration has only a minor effect on the degradation rate. It was estimated that under repository conditions (alkaline environment, pH 13.3-12.5) about 10% of the cellulosic materials (average DP = 1000-2000) will degrade in the first stage (up to 10⁵ years) by the peeling-off reaction and will cause an ingrowth of isosaccharinic acid in the interstitial cement pore water. In the second stage (10⁵-10⁶ years), alkaline hydrolysis will control the further degradation of the cellulose. The potential role of microorganisms in the degradation of cellulose under alkaline conditions could not be evaluated. Proper assessment of the effect of cellulose degradation on the mobilization of radionuclides basically requires knowing the concentration of isosaccharinic acid in the pore water. This concentration, however, depends on several factors such as the stability of ISA under alkaline conditions, sorption of ISA on cement, formation of sparingly soluble ISA-salts, etc. A discussion of all the relevant processes involved, however, is far beyond the scope of the presented overview.     

Study of Aging Characteristics of Ternary Blends of Polyethylenes—II

Six film samples of low-density polypropylene (LDPE)/linear LDPE (LLDPE)/high-density polypropylene (HDPE) with varying ratios of LDPE (20–45 ... wt%) and LLDPE (25–50 wt%) having a fixed amount of HDPE at 30 wt% were prepared by blown film extrusion technique. The samples were aged at four different temperatures, 55°, 70°, 85°, and 100°C, for four different time periods in the interval of between 150 hours and up to 600 hours. The change in the structure of various constituents and the formation of various oxygenated (peroxy and hydroperoxy) and unsaturated groups during thermo-oxidative degradation was discussed by infrared spectroscopy. The visiosity-average molecular weight was found to have decreased slowly in the initial aging hours and temperatures, whereas it decreased by 10% with its previous value tensile strength that is, 100°C when aged for 600 hours. The tensile strength of the sample first increased by 67% at 55°C and 89% at 70°C up to 450 hours, whereas the values increased by 52.5% at 85°C and 33.9% at 100°C when aged for 150 hours and then decreased. The percentage elongation at break increased by 2.7% at 55°C and 10.7% at 70°C for 150 and 300 hours of aging, respectively, whereas the percentage decreased when aged at 85°C and 100°C for up to 600 hours of aging. The values of gel content (percent) increased and initial degradation temperature decreased with aging time and temperature.     

富拉尔基发电总厂200MW机组除尘器改造

对富拉尔基发电总厂5号炉的设计条件进行了分析，针对燃用低硫煤，飞灰比电阻高，场地较小，除尘效率要求高的情况，在电除尘器的设计上采取有效措施，达到了排放要求。     

Calculation of carbon balances for evaluation of the biodegradability of polymers

Establishing carbon balances has been proven to be an applicable and powerful tool in testing biodegradability of polymers. In controlled degradation tests at a 4-L scale with the model polymer poly(-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), it was shown that the degree of degradation could not be determined with satisfactory accuracy from CO₂ release alone. Instead, the course of degradation was characterized by means of establishing carbon balances for the degradation of PHB withAcidovorax facilis and a mixed culture derived from compost. Different analytical methods for determining the different carbon fractions were adapted to the particular test conditions and compared. Quantitative determination of biomass and residual polymer were the main problems in establishing carbon balances. Amounts of biomass derived from protein measurements depend strongly on assumptions of the protein content of the biomass. Selective oxidation of biomass with hypochlorite was used as alternative, but here problems arose from insoluble metabolic products. Determination of soluble components with the method of chemical oxygen demand (COD) also includes empirical assumptions but seems acceptable if the dissolved carbon fraction is in the range of some 10% total carbon. Results confirm both analytical assays and theoretical approaches, in ending up at values very close to 100%, within an acceptable standard deviation range under test conditions comparable to standard test practice.Paper presented at the Bio/Environmentally Degradable Polymer Society—Third National Meeting, June 6–8, 1994, Boston, Massachusetts.     

Effects of temperature on the release of nutrient elements of solid organic materials under conditions of oversaturation

The effects of temperature on the release of chemical components of six solid organic materials under conditions of oversaturation were investigated in this paper. The six materials were peat moss (PM), weathered coals (WC), charred rice husks (CRH), sawdust (Sd), turfgrass clippings (TC), and chicken manure (CM). Significant differences were observed in the available nitrogen and phosphorus content of the aqueous extracts of organic materials at different temperatures. The available nitrogen content in aqueous extracts of PM and WC at 25 °C was higher than that registered at 15 °C and 35 °C. Available nitrogen content in the aqueous extracts of CRH, Sd, TC, and WC at 35 °C was higher than at 15 °C and 25 °C. The available phosphorus content in the aqueous extracts of organic materials at 35 °C was higher than that available at 15 °C and 25 °C, with the exception of Sd. In addition, the release of available phosphorus in the aqueous solution of organic materials at different temperatures varied constantly for 108 h. The release of potassium (K⁺) and sodium (Na⁺) ions in the aqueous extracts of organic materials was basically steady over time, with the exception of CM. High temperature (35 °C) may significantly hasten the release of K⁺ from organic substrates (except for WC) with low temperatures significantly inhibiting release of K⁺ in Sd and CRH. High temperatures (35 °C) might significantly facilitate the release of Na⁺ in CM and TC. However, no significant differences were manifested in the release of Na⁺ from organic substrates at different temperatures, with the exception of CM and TC. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in the release of calcium, magnesium and iron ions with time, nor were there any significant differences in the contents of iron ions in the aqueous extracts of organic materials at different temperatures. The results indicate that multiple mediums should be pretreated in water for a week before being used for planting. They should be used when all mineral elements of organic materials are steady and ignoring the effect of organic mediums.     

Selection of adsorbents for treatment of leachate: batch studies of simultaneous adsorption of heavy metals

The simultaneous adsorption of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) ions from spiked deionized water and spiked leachate onto natural materials (peat A and B), by-product or waste materials (carbon-containing ash, paper pellets, pine bark, and semi-coke), and synthetic materials (based on urea-formaldehyde resins, called blue and red adsorbents) or mixtures thereof was investigated. The adsorbents that gave the highest metal removal efficiencies were peat A, a mixture of peat B and carbon-containing ash, and a mixture of peat A and blue. At an initial concentration of 5 mg/l for each metal, the removal of each species of metal ion from spiked water and spiked leachate solutions was very good (>90%) and good (>75%), respectively. When the initial concentration of each metal in the solutions was twenty times higher (100 mg/l), there was a noticeable decrease in the removal efficiency of Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Ni²⁺, but not of Pb²⁺. Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacities, q_m, on peat A were found to be 0.57, 0.37, and 0.36 mmol/g for Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Ni²⁺, respectively. The order of metal adsorption capacity on peat A was the same in the case of competitive multimetal adsorption conditions as it was for single-element adsorption, namely Pb²⁺ > Cd²⁺ ≥ Ni²⁺. The results show that peat alone (an inexpensive adsorbent) is a good adsorbent for heavy metal ions.     

袋式除尘器气流分布数值计算研究

采用结构化/非结构化混合网格技术、多孔介质模型及k-ε两方程湍流模型,对某袋式除尘器及进出口管道内的气体流场进行了数值计算.计算结果表明,合理布置导流板后,袋式除尘器两箱体流量偏差为1.8％;除尘器下游滤袋单元处理气量偏大,中游滤袋单元处理气量较小,最大流量与最小流量偏差为22.3％;靠近除尘器进口处灰斗内存在气流回流特性,易造成粉尘的二次附着现象.     

Effect of Degree of Substitution of Octenyl Succinate Starch on Enzymatic Degradation

Octenyl succinate starch of degree of substitution (ds) 0.03, 0.07, and 0.11 was synthesized in an aqueous medium. These compounds were then tested for the susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. The multiple-enzyme regime of -amylase, amyloglucosidase, and pullulanase was chosen for the evaluation. This combination of enzymes had been proven to degrade 99.5% of unmodified starch to glucose and hence was chosen for this study. It was found that even small amounts of subsituent caused a considerable decrease in the extent of degradation. The net extent of degradation decreased with increasing ds. Surprisingly, the amount of glucose from all three substituted substrates was quite similar, suggesting the effect small amounts of subtituent had on the enzymatic activity.     

Effect of depth of landfill on the characteristics of soil-like material of aged waste: a case study of Bhalswa dumpsite,India

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This study characterizes the municipal solid waste (MSW) accumulated for more than 25 years at Bhalswa dumpsite, Delhi, India. 50...