泡沫浮选法处理苯胺废水

考察了十二烷基磺酸钠的浓度,ＰＨ、等各种因素对苯胺去除率的影响。探索最优条件下对２０ｍｇ／Ｌ苯胺废水进行处理,结果表明：经泡沫浮洗法处理后的水质能完全达到国家排放标准,苯胺去除率也在８６．５％以上。     

高铁酸钾降解苯胺废水的机制研究

研究了高铁酸钾投加量、初始pH及苯胺初始浓度对苯胺降解效果的影响.结果表明.苯胺废水的COD去除事随高铁酸钾投加量和苯胺初始浓度的增大而升高,而初始pH对COD去除率影响不明显.对高铁酸钾降解苯胺废水后的产物进行了气相色谱/质谱(GCIMS)分析.在此基础上详细探讨了高铁酸钾降解苯胺的机制.     

生物强化技术提高SBR系统对低温苯胺废水处理能力的研究

为了考察高效菌株生物强化效能,解决低温条件下含苯胺废水处理效果差的问题.选择实验室筛选的高效低温苯胺降解菌JH-9为研究对象,考察了其苯胺降解能力和絮凝特性,并采用生物强化的方法将其投加到SBR反应系统中,考察其对提高系统低温条件下(12℃)含苯胺废水的处理能力的改善.结果表明:JH-9细菌在初始苯胺浓度为250 ms/L的培养液中培养52 h,去除率可达100%,其对石化废水中的其他污染物也有一定的降解能力,并且具有产絮能力.将其应用于SBR的强化系统对提高系统低温条件下(12℃)对苯胺去除效果很有效,针对含有苯胺174 mg/L的石化废水,强化系统对苯胺的去除率达到97.8%.除此以外该菌对系统TOC的去除、污泥的MLSS、MLVSS、SV等指标均有一定改善,利于保证系统快速启动和稳定运行.     

基于HPLC的厌氧 好氧生物降解工艺处理模拟苯胺废水的研究

采用改进的好氧-厌氧方法处理苯胺废水,研究了各个操作变量梯度包括苯胺浓度、硝基苯浓度等对苯胺废水处理的影响,并加入硝基苯作为影响参数。实验结果表明,各个变量均在不同程度上影响苯胺废水的处理。经过厌氧-好氧处理后,COD降到200 mg/L以下;提高苯胺浓度时,COD值增大;进水TOC浓度为167.80 mg/L,去除率为79.6%;加入硝基苯与苯胺的降解具有协同作用。在厌氧温度35～40℃,好氧温度28～32℃条件下,进水COD在4 000～6 000 mg/L,苯胺浓度180～250 mg/L左右,处理后出水COD值达到200～500 mg/L,苯胺4.5～6.5 mg/L左右,去除率约85%以上。出水水质可达到《污水综合排放标准（》GB 8978-1996）的排放标准。     

臭氧催化氧化降解苯胺的机理

对臭氧单独氧化和臭氧催化氧化下的苯胺降解效率进行了比较,并通过液质联机分析了氧化过程中产物变化情况。实验结果表明,催化剂MnO2-CuO-CeO2/沸石的添加能有效地提高臭氧氧化苯胺的降解率,当苯胺初始浓度为200mg/L,反应20 min后,苯胺的去除率由原来的75%提高到89%;通过LC-MS分析,臭氧催化氧化苯胺降解过程中代谢产物依次为对亚胺醌、对苯醌、马来酸和草酸,并由此推断出了臭氧催化氧化降解苯胺的途径。     

有机膨润土吸附苯胺的性能及其在水处理中的应用

分别用氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)和溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)改性的有机膨润土吸附处理水中的苯胺,研究了两种有机膨润土吸附处理苯胺的性能及适宜条件.结果表明,有机膨润土对苯胺的去除率比原土增大了十几倍,CTMAB-膨润土、CPC-膨润土及原土的饱和吸附容量分别为130mg/g、87.5mg/g及37.5mg/g.     

膜萃取处理高浓度工业苯胺废水

大连市某药业公司生产中产生的高浓度苯胺废水可生化性极差,传统工艺处理该废水难度大,且不能回收利用苯胺.采用膜萃取工艺处理该废水,工艺运行稳定,苯胺去除率高.实验结果表明,在进水流量为3.05 L/d、反应温度为50 ℃、萃取液pH≈1、膜管长18 m条件下,进水苯胺质量浓度为33 081 mg/L时,苯胺去除率稳定在97%以上.进行经济核算,每吨废水净收益为103.84元.     

微生物降解苯胺的研究进展

微生物降解苯胺,是一种有效的环境友好型去除苯胺污染的手段,因此简要综述了国内外在苯胺微生物降解方面的研究进展,主要包括降解苯胺的微生物以及微生物降解苯胺的途径。     

氟苯胺好氧生物降解性能的研究

利用驯化污泥研究了邻氟苯胺、对氟苯胺、2,4-二氟苯胺的好氧生物降解性能.结果表明,3种氟苯胺的好氧生物降解性能从高到低依次为对氟苯胺、邻氟苯胺和2,4-二氟苯胺.降解动力学分析表明,除2,4-二氟苯胺在实验质量浓度8.56 mg/L时为一级反应,其他为零级反应;且它们的降解规律都符合Monod方程;30 ℃、振荡速率140 r/min为氟苯胺的最佳降解条件.同时研究了共基质条件下葡萄糖和苯胺对2,4-二氟苯胺的好氧降解的影响,葡萄糖的引入有促进作用,而苯胺只在一定浓度范围内有促进作用.氟苯胺的生产废水与生活污水合并处理以及多种组分混合废水处理是可行的.     

废水中苯胺的好氧共代谢降解实验研究

微生物共代谢是废水中难降解性有机物生物降解的重要方式.比较了在以苯胺溶液作为惟一碳源与能源和有共代谢底物存在下苯胺的降解过程.结果表明,共代谢显著地提高了苯胺的降解率,在32℃恒温条件下、利用葡萄糖作生长基质、且与苯胺的质量比为1:6、72 h后,苯胺的降解率最高可达75.6%.再加人蛋白胨做氮源后,苯胺的降解率可提高到82.9%,COD的去除率达55.4%.     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

Comparison of methods for evaluation of activity of photocatalytic films

Objective

This work aims to investigate the correlation between the photocatalytic activity determined by methylene blue bleaching (DIN 52980), stearic acid degradation, and degradation of acetone in gas phase.

Method

The photocatalytic TiO₂ coatings included in this investigation ranged from thin commercially available coatings (Activ^TM and BioClean^TM) and ready to use suspensions (Nano-X PK1245) to lab-produced PVD and sol?Cgel coatings. XRD analysis of the photocatalytic coatings showed that all the coatings consisted of nanocrystalline anatase, although the thickness and porosity varied considerably.

Results

The study showed that the reproducibility of the activity measurements was good. However, more importantly, the investigation showed that there is a good correlation between the activities determined by the different methods even though the characteristics of the photocatalytic coatings and the organic probe molecules varied considerably.

Conclusion

The overall findings of this work suggest that there is a good correlation between the investigated methods. These results are promising for the future work concerning standardization of methods for determination of the activity of photocatalytic films.     

Impact of overexploitation of shellfish: northeastern coast of India

India has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. These resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. The present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern India, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (Penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. Indiscriminate exploitation of these resources leads to a heavy reduction of the species concerned and other associated marine communities. The magnitude of such destruction has been quantified. The impacts of biodiversity loss and their after-effects on the ecobalance of this coastal system have become a matter of great concern to ecologists to maintain security and sustainability. The authors propose a public awareness program on themes relating to the importance of biodiversity for human livelihoods.